Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum

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Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry

Schramm; Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.




A D V A N C E S IN C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S

251

Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry

Laurier L. Schramm, EDITOR Petroleum

Recovery

Institute

American Chemical Society, Washington, DC


TP 156 .P3S9 1996 Copy 1

Suspensions


Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Suspensions: Fundamentals and applications in the petroleum industry / Laurier L . Schramm, editor. p. cm.—(Advances in chemistry series, ISSN 00652393; 251) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8412-3136-2 1. Particles. 2. Suspensions (Chemistry) 3. Petroleum engineering. I. Schramm, Laurier Lincoln. II. Series. QD1.A355 no. 251 [TP156.P3] 540—dc20 [665.5] 95-41569 CIP The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Copyright © 1996 American Chemical Society All Rights Reserved. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the first page of each chapter in this volume indicates the copyright owner's consent that reprographic copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use or for the personal or internal use of specific clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per-copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, M A 01923, for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to copying or transmission by any means—graphic or electronic—for any other purpose, such as for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating a new collective work, for resale, or for information storage and retrieval systems. The copying fee for each chapter is indicated in the code at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. The citation of trade names and/or names of manufacturers in this publication is not to be construed as an endorsement or as approval by A C S of the commercial products or services referenced herein; nor should the mere reference herein to any drawing, specification, chemical process, or other data be regarded as a license or as a conveyance of any right or permission to the holder, reader, or any other person or corporation, to manufacture, reproduce, use, or sell any patented invention or copyrighted work that may in any way be related thereto. Registered names, trademarks, etc., used in this publication, even without specific indication thereof, are not to be considered unprotected by law. PRINTED INTHEU N I T E D STATES OF A M E R I C A

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Schramm; Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry Washington, D.C. 20036 Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.

Advisory Board Advances in Chemistry Series

R o b e r t J . Alaimo Procter & Gamble Pharmaceuticals


Mark Arnold University of Iowa David B a k e r University of Tennessee Arindam Bose Pfizer Central Research R o b e r t F. B r a d y , J r . Naval Research Laboratory M a r y E. Castellion ChemEdit Company M a r g a r e t A. C a v a n a u g h National Science Foundation

Cynthia A. Maryanoff R. W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute Roger A. Minear University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Omkaram Nalamasu AT&T Bell Laboratories Vincent Pecoraro University of Michigan George W . Roberts North Carolina State University John R. Shapley University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Arthur B. Ellis University of Wisconsin at Madison

Douglas A. Smith Concurrent Technologies Corporation

Gunda I. Georg University of Kansas

L . Somasundaram DuPont

Madeleine M . Joullie University of Pennsylvania

Michael D . Taylor Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research

Lawrence P. Klemann Nabisco Foods Group

William C. Walker DuPont

Douglas R. Lloyd The University of Texas at Austin

Peter Willett University of Sheffield (England)


FOREWORD


T h e ADVANCES IN C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S was founded i n 1949 by the A m e r

ican C h e m i c a l Society as an outlet for symposia and collections of data in special areas of topical interest that could not be accommodated i n the Society's journals. It provides a m e d i u m for symposia that w o u l d otherwise be fragmented because their papers w o u l d be distributed among several journals or not published at a l l . Papers are reviewed critically according to A C S editorial standards and receive the careful attention and processing characteristic of A C S publications. Volumes i n the A D V A N C E S I N C H E M I S T R Y S E R I E S maintain

the integrity of the symposia on w h i c h they are based; however, verbatim reproductions of previously published papers are not accepted. Papers may include reports of research as w e l l as reviews, because symposia may embrace both types of presentation.


ABOUT THE EDITOR


LAURIER L . SCHRAMM

is the manager for r e search and technology at the P e t r o l e u m R e c o v e r y Institute and adjunct associate profes sor of chemistry at the U n i v e r s i t y of C a l g a r y , w h e r e he lectures i n a p p l i e d c o l l o i d and i n terface chemistry. D r . S c h r a m m r e c e i v e d his B.Sc. (Hons.) i n c h e m i s t r y from C a r l e t o n U n i versity i n 1976 and P h . D . i n p h y s i c a l and c o l l o i d c h e m i s t r y i n 1 9 8 0 from D a l h o u s i e U n i versity, w h e r e he s t u d i e d as a K i l l a m and N R C Scholar. F r o m 1980 to 1988 he h e l d research positions w i t h S y n c r u d e C a n a d a L t d . i n its E d m o n t o n Research C e n t r e . H i s research interests have i n c l u d e d many aspects of c o l l o i d and interface science a p p l i e d to the p e t r o l e u m i n d u s t r y , i n c l u d i n g r e search into mechanisms of processes for the i m p r o v e d r e c o v e r y of light, heavy, or b i t u m i n o u s c r u d e oils, such as i n situ foam, p o l y m e r or surfactant flooding, and surface hot water flotation from o i l sands. These mostly experimental investigations have i n v o l v e d the formation and stability of dispersions (foams, emulsions, and suspensions) and their flow properties, electrokinetic properties, interfacial properties, phase attachments, and the reactions and interactions of surfactants i n solution. D r . S c h r a m m is a F e l l o w of the C h e m i c a l Institute of C a n a d a and served on the L o c a l Section E x e c u t i v e . H e is a m e m b e r of the A m e r ican C h e m i c a l Society and is a d i r e c t o r of the Association of the C h e m i c a l Profession of A l b e r t a . H e has w r i t t e n more than 80 scientific publications and patents. T h i s is his f o u r t h A C S b o o k , f o l l o w i n g Emulsions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry, Foams: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry, and The Language of Colloid and Interface Science.

vii Schramm; Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum Industry Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1996.

Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications in the Petroleum

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