SWAGELOK® Tube Fittings in elements likely to be abundant in a seawater environment, such as Sr and Mn, we discarded the idea of as similated r a r e - e a r t h element/Ybearing marine material before erup tion.
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Identifying the rare-earth element/ Y-bearing phase The key to finding the origin of the r a r e - e a r t h element and Y enrich ment in the basalts was to determine how these elements were contained. That is, which basalt mineral phases housed high amounts of rare-earth elements and Y, and how did they oc cur in the rocks? Was it a phenocryst phase (mineral grain visible without magnification), or was it microscopic and hidden in the groundmass of the basalts? Our detailed microscopic ex amination of the rare-earth element/ Y-rich samples had revealed nothing special about their mineral assem blages. All observed phases had been expected to be present in these rocks. We decided t h a t electron microprobe analysis would be ideal for lo cating the phase because we would be able to scan the sample using an electron beam while the detectors were optimized for r a r e - e a r t h ele ments and Y. By viewing the sample during investigation, the slightest hint of La or Y X-rays created by the beam falling on a r a r e - e a r t h ele ment/Y-rich phase would reveal the location of the phase in the rock. This method of examination could not, however, be done using the stan dard procedure for mineral analysis (using a l-3-μπι electron beam), be cause the chances were small for lo cating a phase t h a t may be only micrometers in size. The investiga tion required optimizing the spec trometers for La and Y, enlarging the electron beam to a - 200-μπι diame ter, and scanning a polished speci men of r a r e - e a r t h e l e m e n t / Y - en riched lava until a La or Y signal was detected. The search was completed in seconds. The groundmass of the lava sample examined was rich with 1 0 - 3 0 ^ m - s i z e d grains hidden amid the normal assemblage of pyroxene, plagioclase, and F e - T i oxides. F r o m t h a t p o i n t on, we d r e w sketches of all the located rare-earth element/Y-rich grains and the sur rounding fields of view of the speci men as we saw them through the mi croprobe optical system. These sketches would help us later locate and study the rare-earth element/Yrich phases with the aid of a polariz ing microscope. Optical microscopy revealed irreg-
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ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 64, NO. 11, JUNE 1, 1992 · 641 A
