BOOK REVIEWS does not believe the author has achieved the degree of clarity he hoped for in presenting a simplified thermodynamic derivation of the Wernst equation. One must note, however, the improvements that have been made in Chapter 10, Potentiometry, particularly in the sections an hydrogen ion measurement, t,he glass electrode, and oxidation-~.edurtion titrations. Chapter 11, Voltammetry and Polarography, has been almost completely rewritten and now includes sections on the theory of current-voltage m n ~ e s and the eqnatian for the polnrographir urave, together with better chosen polarograms to illustrate points under discussion. In Chapter 14, Radioartivity sr an .4nalytical Tool, practically all ~cctions
have been expanded and one now finds a discussion of counting errors, pulseheight znalysis, and neutron counting. Chapter 16, Slagnetic Kesonnncc Spcctrosaopy (13 pages), is new to this cdition, and in Chapter 18, Chromatography, hricf sertions on electroehmmatography and gas chromatography appear for the first tima The l a ~ b n a m e d topic p r e sumablv replaces the firat edition's ehnpter on the analysis of gases (1,s methods other than gas chromatography). Missing also fmm the revised wort is a chapter on the det,rtminat.ion of water. The ncw Chaptor 21, Electronir Cireoit,ry for Analytical Instmments, p r o b ably will not please those u-ho for years have dewied the inclusion of a n y discussion of insttwncntation and rlrrtlmnics in a coiwse in instrumental anslvsis. I n the revicww's opinion, P~.ofcssorEwing quite cortwtly r~cognizeatho nccd today
for all chemists to havc some knowledge of elementary elertronirs, and instead of ignoring the problem in the hopes it will disappear he has attempted to do something about it. I n cellah portions of Chapter 21 the presentstions are remarkably clear despite thek brevity; in other sections the treatment may he too sophisticated and the diagrams more elaborate than the average student will he able to appreciate. Perhaps in a later revision thcse seeming drfrrts may he remedied. Of the 33 laboratory exprriment,~in the first edition, 21 h a w been 1,etained with minor revisions; to these have been added five new exercises. A number of other rhnngrs have improved the value of the text: literature references have been brooght up to date (into 1'359), Bihliogrsphia Notes have been sdded to rseh chapter, bold-fare captions a t the top of rarh page indicate the topic under discussion on that page, and (although most chapters retain problems from the previous edition) many new problems have been included. I n s h o ~ tthe , "new Ehing" is just thatan improved new edibion that can he heartily recommended.
H . W.S A ~ F O R D University of Pittsburgh Pitlsbwgh. P~nnsyluanin
Symposium on Basic Research
Edited by Dael Ii.olflr. Puhlicat~iun KO. 56 of t h r Amwican Association for the Advancement of Srieneo. Wsshington, U. C., 105!1. xx 308 pp Figs. 16 X 23.5 rm. (Prepaid t,o A.4AS members, $2.50) $3.
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This important symposium n a s attended by some 450 r~presentntivesselertod from the academic world, governmmt, industry, foundations and research institutes, and lawyers, bankers, and publishers. They met for almost three days to listen to papers and to participate in panel di~cussionsfollming each session's papers. This book contains the papem and also summaries of the panel discuisions prepared by llael Wolfle, the editor. The program was opened appropriately by a paper on the importance of new knowledge, "new knowledge is useful," "the getting of it is cnohling;" several industrial part,icipants pointed out also that, industry profits in scversl ways from participation in hssic research and that basic research brings understanding. As might be expected, considerable time was npent, in an &tempt to define basic research. The reviewer liked the statement of the participant u-ho used a geographical sndogy-"Everyone knows in s general way the location of the Middle West and Far West hut no one can locate s n exact dividing line between the regionx!' So it is with basic research and applied research. What arrangements best support basic research? There is no single way, hnt the answers of the participants fell in
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BOOK REVIEWS three groups: the general intelledual enuironment, the educational environment which is important in the long range view, for rcseereh is a continual oumulative venture, and the immediate research environment or the conditions under which the researcher works. Under the long range problems of higher education certain quotations are to the point. "It is good for teachers to be researchers, hut researchers must also be good teacherhers if they are to he followed by another generation of good researchers." Gould pointed out the particular problems of the smell liberal arts colleges. The comment was made in this connection that "if the nation is looking for ways to improve the education of future scientists and to provide future members of other professions with a better nnderstsnding of science, some of the best opportunitim for further improvement are to he found in the liberal arts colleges." The pros and cons of project grants versus support for outstanding research scholare came in for some disoussion; there was muchcriticismof the former. Thesources of research money also produced considerable discussion. Government support was criticized on the grounds that i t never paid the full costs of the research. Changes in the federal taa laws were suggested an a means of providing money t,o support the needs of colleges and universities for unrestricted money. The hook is worth reading by eduerttiond adminintrators and teachers, foundations, industrial administrators, and by the vast numher of thofie who are concerned with the future of science and technology in this country.
H m m F. LEWIS The Institvle of Paper Chemistq, Appleton, Wisconsin
The Hydrogen Bond
George C . Pimentel, University of California, Berkeley, and A,tbvey L. MeClellan, California Research Corporation, Richmond. W. H. Freemann 61 Co., San Francineo, 1960. (Trade distrib ntor, Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York.) xi 475 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 24 em. S9..50, text ed.: $11.40, trade ed.
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The idea that the valence of an element always measures the number of bands connecting an atom of that element to neighboring atoms was shown many yearn ago by G. N. L e w i ~t o he quite insufficient to explain the facts. In the formation of a rovalent bond between t,wo atoms the two bonding electrons sometimes both come from the same atom-not one from each. Whenever this is the case, the valence numbers are not identical wit,h the numbers of bonda. This idea led to the concept of the "hydrogen bond" or "hydrogen bridge" by this reviewer in 1919 and to the use of this concept to explain several p r e
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