book reviews collection of rate constants may prove useful as a first step in evaluating the feasahilit,y of a given reaction type for a proposed kinetic method. Chapter seven contains a n extensive mathemabical and graphical error analysis for several of the common approaches for differential kinet,ic analyses. A limited number of examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of results of the errnr analysis. The principal theme of Chapter 8 is that a consideration of the dynamic aspects of reactions involved in equilibrium methods can lead to improved analyses. The chapter contains a brief discussion of the Marcus theory followed by a compilation of kinetic data on a variety of classical inorganic oxidizing and reducing agents as well as the salvaked electron. The chapter contains frequent comment on the mechanistic implicat,ions of reported data. The principal strength of this book is that i t rep~.esentaa collecbiolr and discussion of most of the methods which have been pvoposed and developed for ditrerent,ial kinetic nnsly3iries using classical organic reactions. The reader with problems which can be solved rising the differential kinetic methods will find this infarmet,ian nseful in selecting the experimental appvoaeh l,o follow. The rate constants compiled in Chapters 6 and 8 for a variety of organic and inorganic roaetions, may prove useful to some readers. I n terms of representing the current s t a t r ~ sof t,he applicat,ion of kinetics to analysis, this book is rather misleading. Dwing the last eight years there have been major advances made in instrumontat,ion for collecting and processing kinotie data. Typical instruments automatically generate digital printout of concentration data wi1,ll measorements times as short as ten seconds and with relative errors helow 1%. The nut,hors have not included any discussion of these developments in the book. One area in which the kinetic method is pwving itself as a n analytical tool is in andyaw involving enzymes. A conservative estimate would place the number of pract.ical analyses involving enzymes in the mnge of hundreds of thonsands per year in bhe Unit,ed Statev alone. Yet this snhject merits only nine pager of text matcrid in this book. Tho introdi~ctory remarks in Chapter 8 in effect eensiwe a large population of analyt,ical chemists (past and present) for failing t.o utilize kinetic informstion to 'impmve eq,iilibrinm methods. The Ianguage w e d is, in this readers view, rather strong, especially in view of the fact that tho mxt,e~islwhich follows does not contain a single examplo illrwt,rating haw accwnte qnantitativo kinetic data have been u1,ilised to yield improvements in an ot,herwise faulty eqttiiibriim method. This type of onsupporl.ed criticism of unnamed wo~.kersis a irtnury which should not be indulged in scientific writing. I n summary this book contains useful informnlion pertinent t o (he determination of organic species nsing the so called differential kinetic methods. However,
alkali melel-smine comhinalions, especially the Birch 2nd Bcnkeiev reductions. The vwious metals, cosolvenla, proton sources and substrates are all meutionerl in torn, but,, although this seclim is yllite HARRYL. PARDUE informative, the reviewet. found it someZ'urdue Universitv what difficult t o cull fmm i t the beat Lafayelle, Indiana 47907 conditions for attacking x given synthetic problem. The remzindev of the chapter, devoted to other reducliolrs with alk,zli metals and to twluclions with magnesium, Reduction: Techniques and aluminum, iron, tin, zinc, and variow Applirationr in Organic Synthesis metal combinatio~rs,especially amalgams, is of nccessil,y more skotchy; yet t,he Mark N. Rerick, Providence College; literahlro eovemge (over 330 rofwenrer in William Reusch, Michigan State Uniall) is extenivo. versity; and Michael Smith, Geigy Tho third chaptel. (41 pages) deals with Chemical Corp. Edited by Robert I,. the Wolff-Kishner redudion, Clemmeusen Augusthe, Sel.on Hall University. Marreduction, desdforisntion, and miscelcel llekker, Ine., New York, 1068. laneous methods for ~.eductionof kelunes ix 242 pp. Figx. and table-;. 16 X t o hydrocarbons. The teacher, especially, 23.5 em. 512.7S. will welcome the comparison of the v a h w modificat,ions of the hydraaine-plrrs-base This, the second volume in a trilogy: reduction pracedme and the chemist "Cstalybic IIydrogenation," "lkduction," confronted with a synthetic pmblem will and "Oxidation," is a very useful hook. appreciate the explicit comparison of the Whereas Angostine wrote the fivst volume merits and demerits of the numerons ways himself, he is acting as editor f m the of reducing C=O t o C I h . This chapter wmsining two. "l:eduction" contains has over 173 references. three chapters: The Chemistry of hIixed The literature coverage reaches into IIydt.idw by Mark N. Ilerick, I)issolving 1967. The book is attractively printed, Metal lleductiaw h y Michael Smith, and with clear formulas and is quite f m of I)eoxygen~tion of Carbonyl Compounds misprint,s. The author and subject illby William Ileusch. As indicntcd by the dexes are extensive. One attractive editor, othw topics we1.e not inrloded feature, carried over from the first volume, becswe the reaction in qlrestion way not in is the prinlirrg of short experimental progeneral nse, becanse a recent review giving cedures in block letters within the text. the synthetic applications was availnhle, Although these instructions are quite or hoeattse n realistic cvaluslian of the brief, they do impart a q~lickimpression genwal syn1,hetic utility of ,z pilrlicular o f t h e convenience or difficulty of a given redocing agent was not mailahlo. Acpreparation. t,nally, most, major reduction methods This book is a must item for any chem(with the notable exception of the Meec ical library. Notwithstanding its relawein-Ponndorf-7;erley reduction and simitively high price (W.05 per page) it is lar hydride transfer reactions) are, in fact,, highly recommended for anyone whose eovorod in this volume or the firsl, one. work involves organic synt,heis. Despite The first chapter provides a. very eomthe (delihemte) omission of mechanistic pleto and competent survey of reductions information, the volume is also a wefnl with various alkaryaluminnm hydrides, one for the researeh-oriented teacher, with sluminrm hydride and chlorothough here i t must compete with Howe's alumimm hydrides, with lithium a h "Modern Synthetic Ileactians" and the minom hyd~.ide-boron triflooride comFiesers' reagent,^ in Organic Synthesis" binatiam, with combination of LiAlH, far a limited budget. with metal salts and with pyridine, with The editor and anthors are to be eomalkoxyhorohydrides and with eomhinamended far a joh well done; this reviewer t,ions of ~adilrm horohydride with ahiis looking forward to the puhlicstion of the minom and horon halido? and with metal third volume of the series. salts. These reductions are compared and contrasted with those involving plain E a x w r L. ELI^ lit,hinm aluminum hydride or sodium IJniuersily qf Notre Dame bornhydride. Considering the fact t,hat Nolre Dame, Indiana 4655fi reduction wit,h these reagents alone has because of certain key omissions, the book is not representative of the cnrrent state of t,his important. aspect of analytical chemistry.
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been the subject of several monographs,
Dr. Ilerick's success in doing the modified hydrides justice in 94 pages deserves high praise. I n theye pages will be found mention of the reduct,ion of almost every redllcible functional group with virtually each one of the many mixed hydrides. I f the overburdened organic chemist has forgotten, far example, how best t o reduce a n acid to an aldehyde, an ester to a n &her, or an alkylcyelohevanone t o the eqoatorial alcohol, he will find the information in this well-organized chapter (with over 300 references). I n the chapter on dissolving meial reductions (76 pages), the preiwre of space limitation appears more evident. About half the pages are devoted lo reductions with alkali metnl-ammonia and
Synthetic Methods of Organic Chemistry, Val. 22 (1968 Yearbook)
W . l'heilheimer. S. Karger AG., New York, 1968. xxiv >58 pp. 10 X 23..5 cm. 9L.j.i.50.
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The purpose of this hook is to serve as an upto-date handbook of refercnres to synthetic methods of wgilnic chemi9tl.y. T o achieve this goal, 0!16 s11ol.t monographs have heeu abstracted from articles in the literat~re-I5~/f dated 1065, 60% dated 1966, and 2 5 5 , dated IOGi. 111 addition, perhaps three times ns many
(Conlinepd on pngr A.778)
fltlorido; liquid sulfu~.dioxide snd book reviews adrogen litlle about phosgene; and the t,wo topiw -
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references a1.e given to new publical,ioun rm methods which have hecn t.epol.ted in earlie]. voh~mes. The monographs in eadier vohtmes are cross-indexed. Det,ails in t,he monographs are sufficient for a prartiriug chemist to eval~ratethe method for adoption, but not normally snffieient O H which t,o base au actual experimeot. F e a t ~ u e dare the 119 pages of indexes. The alphabetical index (90 pages) lists uames of melhods, t,ypes of compounds, reagenbs, solvents, et,c. References are p r i m a d y t,o Vol. 21 and 22, hut there are also freq,~cutreferellcci to earlier volumes. There is a short glossary of English eqoivalents of Cel.mm names of eompomtds and reactions and a list of abbreviations of words and jo~lrr~als.Pages 3 4 - 7 present a systematic swvey of types of reactions for Vol. 21 and 22. A list of reagents encountered is give,, in pp. 538-545, but no page reference t o the monographs were eneoonterod. Lastly, there is n list of supplemer~tary ~eferences ill earlier vnlt~mesto those cited in volwnes 21 and 22. The reviewer finds this a. valoable index, serving t o pinpoint significant earlier references qnickly. Preceding the main section of the text is a six-page r.eview of most recent methods under the title, Trends in Synthetic Organic Chemistry. References are cited from 1967 (53%) and 1968 (45%), which is evidence of the effort the editors made t o keep abreast of new developments. The formal scheme of organization in the text is still somewhat of a deterrent t o wage of the Theilheimer series, but even browsing through the book is rewarding. T h e text is remarkably free from errors. The price of the book is steep in the reviewer's opinion, but who can evaluate the worth of chance associations? ERNESTI. BIXKER University of Massachusells Boslon
menbioned above on solvent ert,rsction and fused salts. References follow each chapter, and aft,er mosl chapters are some thonght-provoking exel.cises. Tho book is experimentally oriented; the aobhor refers to experimental manip~dations,actual p m c m e s in the lnbolator,v and in industry, and gives drawings and diagrams of appamtus. At the same time the theoretical or conceptual f~.amework for understanding the snbject is well presented. Thus, early in t,hehook the author outlines and elrlcidate5 the ides. of "salvenl system" and the interrelation of the ionization process in the solvent t o the identification of acids and b a s e in the system. However, he is careful to warn against the overextension of such guiding ideas, noting with an example from the phosgene system that the presumed neut,raliaation of calcium chloride with aluminnm chloride in that solvent clearly involved other processes, as demonstrated by tracer studies. The general choice of topics used as illustrations in each chapter is good, the emphasis being less on mlvent system formalism and more upon exploring diverse chemical topics such as reaction mechanisms or upon less-conventional ideas such a? hydrocat.bons acids and baqes. Possibly becanse of t,heir greater unfamiliarity or because of the aut.hor's greater enthusiaxn for the subjects of the last two chapters, the reviewer found these t o be the mast interesting and 1,esearchoriented. Among the topics diseossed are spectra of metal ions in molten salts, and solutions of met,als in molten salts. The most recent reference the reviewer found war. dated 1966. The book has an adequateindex. For the reader who wants t o know somet,hing about fairly recent developments in non-aqueons solution chemistrv but does not have t,ime or
for experimental work Nonaqueous Solvents
Ralph A . Zingaro, Texas A&M Universit^. D. C. Heath and Company (a division of Itsytheon Education Company), Lexington, Massachusetts, 1968. vi 106 pp. Figs. and tables. 13.5 x 21 em. $1.95, paperbound.
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Zingaro's "Nonaqueous Solvents," a title in the Heath "Topics in Modern Chemistry" series, is similar in content and level t o Sisler's earlier (1961) "Chemistry in Non-Aqueous Solvents" (Reinhold); there are enough differences and modern additions in the Zingaro book t o warrant a student or faculty member having both. The differences lie principally in the lest two chapters, which treat liquid-liquid solvent extraction and fused salt systems. The chapter headings adequat,ely indicate the contents of the book. After a n introduction and some atbention to the properties of water as a solvent and to classification of solvents, the book treats acids and bases and some theories dealing with t,he behavior of solntes in non-aqueoos solvents; liquid ammonia an a solvent,; anhydrous hy-
A378
/
Journal of Chemical Education
JR. ANDREWPAWI.:RSON, Yale University New Haven. Connecticut 06511
Quantum Mechanics:
An Introduction
Herbert L. Strmuss, University of California, Berkeley. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood ClifIs, New Jersey, 1968. xiii 192 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 x 23.5 cm. Clothbound, $7.95, paperbound, $4.95.
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According to the preface, this hook is designed as a text for a first caumo in quantum mechanics. Because of its length (180 pages) i t seems particularly suitable to be used in the first term of a year course. I t is qnite good in discussing the postulates of quantum mechanics and the elementary standard applications such as a. particle in a. box, the harmonic oscillator, angular momentum, and hydrogen atom. As the book progresses into approximate methods and the various pert,urbation theories, however, it becomes somewhat hrief for a text, in an inbrodoc-
t w y course. This is even mrwe itnle whet, comnlex atom% and mdecules are disc~rsskdin the last chsptw. JIowever, this was meant to he a brief text. In spite of the conciseness tho author has managed to at least introduce a number of modern eoncepls and teehniqoes. O v e d this book is very enjoyable to read, seemingly quite free of errrm and very slraightforwatd and deal.. The most slriking featwe, and one that diffet.entiatw it fmm several other hooks nf this type, is the qnnlity of the pl.oblems. Each chapter is fallowed by a set of pmhlems, slmust everyone of which is phmically interesting and illustrales and leaches some physics. Scvwal of the problems even have references to recelli, literntwe, which is certainly not easy to dn in a book of this level. The author ha.; done a very fine job in the choice of the pmblems. I n summary then, this ia a bvief introductory lcxt in qosntom mechanics which packs s great amolmt of matel.ixl into 180 pages and if i t is too concise lo he a principle lext in a course, it is admirably sniied as a supplemen1al.y text, pnrticw Inrly since there is a pnperhnck edilion fov only 84.95.
Statistical Mechanics, Thermodynamicr a n d Kinetics
0 .I
