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A systematic evaluation of chronic metal mixture toxicity to three species and implications for risk assessment Charlotte Nys, Liske Versieren, Katherine Cordery, Ronny Blust, Erik Smolders, and Karel A.C. De Schamphelaere Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05688 • Publication Date (Web): 24 Mar 2017 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on March 26, 2017
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Environmental Science & Technology
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A systematic evaluation of chronic metal mixture toxicity to three species and
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implications for risk assessment
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Charlotte Nys1°*, Liske Versieren2°, Katherine I. Cordery3, Ronny Blust3, Erik Smolders2 and
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Karel A.C. De Schamphelaere1
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° equal contribution
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Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, UGent Campus Coupure,
Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium 2
Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 bus 2459, B-3001
Leuven, Belgium
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Groenerborgerlaan 171 –G.U.761, B-2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
Department of Biology (SPHERE group), University of Antwerp Campus Groenenborger,
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*Corresponding author: Charlotte Nys, UGent Campus Coupure Blok F, Coupure Links 653, B9000 Gent, Belgium ; T: +32 9 264 38 96; E:
[email protected] 15
1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Environmental Science & Technology
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ABSTRACT
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Metal contamination generally occurs as mixtures. However, it is yet unresolved how to address
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metal mixtures in risk assessment. Therefore, using consistent methodologies, we have set up
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experiments to identify which mixture model applies best at low level effects, i.e. the independent
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action (IA) or concentration addition (CA) reference model. Toxicity of metal mixtures (Ni, Zn,
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Cu, Cd, and Pb) to Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia dubia, and Hordeum vulgare was investigated
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in different waters or soils, totaling 30 different experiments. Some mixtures of different metals,
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each individually causing
