I/EC IMDUSTRIAL A N D SKOISEEEI1ÏO
CHEMISTRY
CONTENTS COPYRIGHT
1 9 5 7
R E S E A R C H
BY
M A R C H 1957,PART I THE
AMERICAN
D E V E L O P M E N T
CHEMICAL D E S I G N
SOCIETY
VOLUME 49, NUMBER 3 ISSUED
E N G I N E E R I N G
MARCH
12,
1 9 5 7
M A R K E T I N G
COVER American Potash & Chemical Corp. is a b i g producer o f borax from Searles Lake brine. The cover shows flat b e d filters used to dewater crude borax, with the three racks o f sprays used for washing the cake FORECAST Are midget computers in the offing? . . . The back-to-school movement for upgrading technical backgrounds is catching on . . . Fertilizer manufacturers are looking for more cheap phosphoric acid . . . For TV spectaculars the trend is to plastic scenery . . . Boron chemicals are likely to give us some real surprises in new applications l&EC
21 A
REPORTS Deep sea disposal of industrial wastes is a limited but useful method . . .Pharmaceutical manufacturers are switching to the metric s y s t e m . . . GE tries a new type of school for customer service
LIQUID M I X I N G
25 A
EQUIPMENT
A n l&EC Special Feature What's available, who makes it, what services are offered, what are the new developments, b y G r a y b e a l and Bechtel of Hercules 42 A COSTS W . L. H a r d y , Foster D. Snell, Inc.
In answer to many reader requests, a study of the cost of manufacturing 2,4-D
55 A
EQUIPMENT A N D DESIGN Zolin and Green continue last month's discussion of e p o x y resins as engineering materials of construction, with additional case histories . .
59 A
INSTRUMENTATION Robert F. W a l l , Monsanto Chemical Co.
So much has happened in infrared continuous process control in the past year that an updating is in order
69 A
CORROSION W . C. Rion, E. I. du Pont d e Nemours & Co.
Case histories and some conclusions on stress corrosion in stainless steels 4 A
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
73 A
INDUSTRIAL WASTES W. B. Hart, Pantech, Inc.
Another case history—solution to a textile bleaching and dyeing problem and some general observations on this type of waste . . . . MATERIALS
81 A
HANDLING
Chemical companies are stepping up bulk shipments by water, rail, and truck
87 A
THE PROFESSIONAL SIDE F. W. Steckmest, Shell Oil Co.
Some chemists and chemical engineers don't want to be administrators. Here's the development side for those who want to remain in strictly research work Ill A EQUIPMENT A N D MATERIALS
OUTLOOK
New electronic computers are put to an amazing variety of applications 117 A DEPARTMENTS Briefs
11 A
Ideas Exchange Column
97 A
New Books
103 A
N e w Equipment and Materials
121 A
Readers' Information Service
135 A
Hindsight and Foresight
143 A
Editorial
144 A
A NEW l&EC FEATURE Beginning with the January 1957 issue, the Workbook pages (Anumbered pages) have been perforated. This new approach was adopted by the editors to increase the usefulness of these pages to the reader. In a test of this operation for the editors, more than 9 0 % of the readers endorsed it. CONTENTS CONTINUED NEXT PAGE
NEXT M O N T H Chemical Rocket Propellants: an analysis for general information on where we stand today Uranium Recovery: International Minerals & Chemical Corp. gets it from phosphate rock wastes at Bartow, Fla. Uses of Hydrogen in the Petroleum Industry—hydrogen treatment of cracking stocks, residua, asphalt, coal tars * * * VOL. 49, NO. 3
·
MARCH 1957
5 A
CONTENTS—Continued
CHEMISTRY
AND
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
STAFF-INDUSTRY C O L L A B O R A T I V E REPORT Boron Chemicals f r o m Searles Lake Brines G . H. Bixler and Dwight Sawyer
322
Phosphoric Acid by the Clinker Process C. C. Legal, Jr., J. N. Pryor, T. O. Tongue, and
P. L.Veltmen
IN
THEORY
AND
PRACTICE
Recovery of Sulfur D i o x i d e f r o m Flue Gases G r a d y Tarbutton, J. C. Driskell, T. M. Jones, F. J. G r a y , and C. M . Smith
392
Kinetics of Carbon Gasification C. W . Zielke and Everett Gorin
396
Producing Natural Gas Substitute a n d Low Heating V a l u e Gases J. F. Farnsworth, G . M. Bretz, and G . V. McGurl
404
Changes in Iron Catalyst a n d the FischerTropsch Synthesis K. C. Stein, G . P. Thompson, and R. B. Anderson
41 0
334
A Soap and Detergent Pilot Plant R. F. Heald
338
Distillation I m p r o v e m e n t by Control of Phase Channeling in Packed Columns R. E. Manning and M . R. Cannon
347
(End of Symposium) Electrolytic Preparation of Periodate Oxystarch C. L. Mehltretter, J. C. Rankin, and P. R. Watson
350
Carbonization of A g g l o m e r a t i n g Coals in a Fluidized Bed E. W . Lang, H. G. Smith, and Carl Bordenca. . .
355
Solvent Extraction of W a x a n d Ursolic f r o m Cranberry Skins L. K. Arnold and P. R. Hsia
Acid 360
Water-Soluble Ethylhydroxyethylcellulose Ingvar Jullander
364
Pyromellitic Dianhydride in Curing of Epoxy Resins R. B. Feild and C. F. Robinson 1,2,6-Hexanetriol in A l k y d Resins R. W . Tess, R. D. Harline, and T. F. Mika
369
. . . .
374
J. C. Petropoulos, L. E. C a d w e l l , and W . F. Hart. .
379
Acrylonitrile in Styrenated A l k y d Resins
Poly(vinyl Alcohol) as a n Emulsifying A g e n t in V i n y l Polymerizations J. N. Coker
Cyclic Catalytic Reforming Process C. G . Milbourne and C. B. Glover .
387
J 957 Subscription Kates 1 yr. 3yr. 2yr. Members, foreign and domestic $ 450 $ 7-50 $10.00 \onmcmbcrs, domestic and Canada 5.00 8.00 11.00 Nonmcmbers, foreign except Canada 15.00 27.50 40.00 Postage to countries not in the Pan-American Union $2.70 yearly; Canadian postage $0.90 yearly. Single copies: current issues, $1.50 (March and September, issued in two parts, priced at $2.50). Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than 60 days from date of mailing plus time normally required for postal delivery of journal and claim. No claims
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
Linear Boiling Point Relationships Yoshiro O g a t a and Masaru Tsuchida
415
Thermal Conductivity of Liquids D. Κ. Η. Briggs
418
Physical Properties of Asphalts in Thin Films Charles Mack
422
M e a s u r i n g Solids Concentration in Fluidized Systems by G a m m a - R a y Absorption R. N. Bartholomew and R. M . C a s a g r a n d e . . . .
428
Spontaneous Ignition Temperature carbons D. E. Swarts and Milton Orchin
432
of
Hydro
Variation of Heat Transfer Coefficient w i t h Length Inclined Tubes in Still A i r E. A. Farber and H. O . Rennat
437
Permeation, Diffusion, a n d Solubility of M e t h y l Bromide a n d Isobutene in Polyethylene Igor Sobolev, J. A. M e y e r , Vivian Stannert, and Michael Szwarc
441
Swelling of Nitrile Rubbers Toluene Blends R. E. Morris and P. T. W a g n e r
445
386
GUIDE FOR AUTHORS, published in December 1956 issue, page 2254, gives copy requirements to be observed in preparing manuscripts for consideration. Manuscripr (2 copies) should be submitted to the Editorial Director, 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W., Washington 6, D. C. The American Chemical Society assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to its publications. Views expressed in the editorials arc those of the editors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the American Chemical Society.
6 A
411
382
INDUSTRIAL GASES Introduction N. W . Franke
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium A N e w Still and M e t h o d for Determining V a p o r Liquid Equilibrium B. G . Harper and J. C. M o o r e
by
Iso-octane—
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