low cost instruments for high vacuum operations
VACUUM
EQUIPMENT
GAUGE
Provides measurement between 5 and 1000 microns with overall accuracy of 2%. Voltage stabilized circuit. Temperature compensating. Pro vision for connection to continuous recording and controlling equipment. 7 * x 6 * χ 7^. Ship, mg wt. 12 lbs. 110 volt, 60 cycle. Price, less gauge tube
$ 7 5 . 0 0
Tubes each
1 5 . 0 0
WATER-COOLED OIL DIFFUSION PUMP A compact, sturdy, a l l metal pump with outstanding performance char acteristics. Will operate against a fore pressure of 0.5 mm which per mits operation w i t h average mechan ical vacuum pump found in any chemical laboratory. 2-stage. Speed 10 liters per second at 10-* mm. Ultimate vacuum, 5 X 10-* m m . Easy to clean. Requires only 15 ml of pump f l u i d . 170-watt heater operates on 110 volts.
Price $ 7 6 . 0 0
LABORATORY
GLAND
For rotary seals, thermometer ports, entry tubes. Many advantages in addition to low price over mercury-sealed or precision-bore stirrers. Teflon® construction, useable up to 200°C with any material except metallic sodium. Handles thermometers w i t h standard taper joints; allows depth regulation of bulb. Wear-compensating. Vacuum tight to 5 X 10-* mm. Available in 6 mm and 10 mm shaft. Won't break or "freeze." Thousands in use. D c p . CEN-9
Price $
1 1 . 7 5
A R T H U R F. S M I T H C O . Off
4558
KUvoHitAr Ct
C&EN
Dr^hnctnr A Ν Y
SEPT.
17, 19 56
r Into The Stretch Latest high-lift bucket attachment for Clark Equipment's Michigan Model 175A tractor shovel increases dumping height of the bucket b y 3 ft. 7 in. T h e lower edge of t h e bucket is raised t o 12 ft. 1 in. with t h e attachment, Tractor shovel with old b u c k e t is shown for comparison. Ε 1
Type 1108 Visigage a n d t h e Type 1 1 0 1 / 3 C Ultrasonic Thickness Gage, both operate on the ultrasonic reso Instruments using ultrasonic nance principle, by which thickness waves check chemical cor measurements c a n be made nonderosion of process equipment structively from only one side of the vessel wall. An ultrasonic signal is fed into t h e material from a probe held against it. The signal is reflected from CONSTANT SURVEILLANCE of chemical process e q u i p m e n t is necessary to d e the opposite side of the material back termine t h e effects of corrosion o n into the probe. When the thickness of equipment. The most expensive part the material is a multiple of the wave of such a corrosion survey is neither the length of the sound used, t h e reflected labor nor t h e materials used, b u t is t h e wave reinforces t h e original signal, giv expense of shutting down t h e opera ing a strengthened, easily detected tion in order t o open t h e equipment for signal (resonance). By changing t h e inspection. I n t h e interests of safety, frequency of t h e signal transmitted these periodic checks for signs of cor from t h e p r o b e until resonance is rosion c a n n o t b e eliminated; however, achieved, the uiickness of t h e material the use of instruments which can meas is easily found. ure thickness from only one side of t h e The Type 1108 Visigage, operated material obviates the necessity for shut from a 220-volt line, has a n automat downs a n d entry into the equipment. ically modulated frequency, a n d t h e Dawe Instruments, London, Eng reflected waves are read o n a 21-inch land, manufacturers of test apparatus, cathode ray t u b e , on the face of which is now producing t w o instruments is mounted a scale graduated directly in utilizing ultrasonic waves for measur inches. After selecting the scale a n d ing wall thicknesses. Known as t h e setting the controls, the operator merely
Taking Soundings
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is located in a delightful small city, high in the pine forests of northern N e w Mexico. It is a city of
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and Career Opportunities i n Engineering The Laboratory has immediate openings for; MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Challenging problems in the design of weapon components, their fabrication and testing; design, control, and testing of reactors; support of programs in nuclear physics research including an intriguing variety of work in controls, machine design, gaging. CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Development and research in formulation and fabrication of new materials; design and preliminary manufacture of weapon components for systems testing; studies in fluid flow and heat transfer, particularly in systems at high temperatures and pressures, recovery and purification of radioactive materials b y remote control processes. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS Creative development of instrumentation for recording the history of events which occur in times as short as milli-microseconds; a wide variety of instrumentation including scintillation counters, fast pulse amplifiers, fast oscilloscopes. CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY Work in these fields includes high temperature thermodynamics, properties of rare metals, development of high temperature fuels and structural materials for nuclear reactors, radiochemistry, radiation chemistry, uranium and plutonium metallurgy and chemistry, complex ion chemistry, microanalysis, isotopic analysis. If you feel you are an above-average candidate, if you want t o join the scientists at Los Alamos working at the very frontiers of their field, write: Oirector of Scientific Personnel Oivision 1201
los Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory is operated by the University of California for the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission.
>alamos O F THE
scientific laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
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LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO
SEPT.
17,
1956
C&EN
4559
Model way t o ship bulk liquids DAY the "liquid assets" of companies *-** throughout America travel safely and surely in S.H.P.X. tank cars. Present capacity is more than 100 million gallons—and still rising! There's good reason for this growing dependence upon Shippers' Car Line. As lessor and exclusive sales agent f or Q C Γ -built D U R A D O M E S , we offer industry the finest tank cars that roll. They a r e de signed for easier cleaning, maximum insulating TT^VERY
efficiency and the best possible application of lining. As transportation specialists, Shippers' maintains a network of offices and repair shops at strategic loca tions from coast-to-coast to keep rolling stock on the m o v e . . . and to assure customers of prompt, depend able service. Whether you prefer to buy or lease, you can be sure that Shippers' is prepared to meet your special requirements every time.
\JL£L^ S Η Ρ Χ
SHIPPERS' CAR LINE DIVISION O F Q C f
'# ι \ CHICAGO, :LL * HOUSTON, TSC.
4560
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C&ENSEPT.
SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. ·
17,
1956
INDUSTRIES, INCORPORATED
30 Church Street, New York 7. N.Y. MUTON, P A , ·
EAST ST. LOUIS. ILL. ·
SMACKOVEft, ARK. ·
TULSA. OKLA.
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NORTH KANSAS CITY, MO.
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RED HOUSE. W . VA.
EQUIPMENT
holds the probe against the material to be measured. As soon as the probe is positioned, a line appears on the face of the instrument, indicating the thick ness of the material on the scale. The range of the Visigage is from 0.005 in. to 2.5 in., with a maximum error of 0.OOO5 in., according to Da we. A 1000-ft. cable can be used between the probe and the main instrument, thus allowing one operator to use the probe inside boilers or reactors, while a sec ond operator records the data outside the equipment without worry about falling or other mishaps. The Ultrasonic Thickness Gage is a portable, battery operated instrument with a 50-ft. cable between die probe and the main instrument. Resonance is indicated by a hum on earphones and frequency is varied manually with a calibrated control knob. This instru ment is a modification of earlier models. Application of these instruments in the chemical industry is foreseen in the measurement of thicknesses of -walls of tanks and vessels, pipes and boilers, and other similar equipment, thus speeding up these checks on corrosion and reducing the frequency of shut downs for this purpose. Έ2
Although originally desigaed only for the monitoring of drinking water, the apparatus may b e used to test other effluents where the detection of low levels of radioactivity is desired, ac cording to the inventor.
• Portable compressor with, a capacity of 8 5 cu. ft. per min. bas b>een added to Îngersoîî-Piand^s line of compressors, bringing to six the number in the line. The Gyro-Flo 85 weighs 1840 lb. complete, making it ideal for truck-mounting, according to the company. Ε3 • Self-ignition temperatures of com bustible liquids can b e measured with the Setchldn Self-Ignition Apparatus, now being manufactured b y Research Appliance. The apparatus consists of an insulated spherical flask equipped
• All-metal incubators, by Central Sci entific, feature electric heating of air, forced circulation of air, and a plate glass inner door through which activity in the chamber can be observed without loss of heat from the interior. The two available sizes have 376 sq. in. and 920 sq. in. total inside area. Ε5
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ι Further useful information on keyed Equipment mentioned is r e a d i l y a v a i l a b l e . . .
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USQ handy coupon on page 4562 I
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September 1 7 , 1 9 5 6
Readers' Information Service U s e this h a n d y self mailer to o b t a i n further i n f o r m a t i o n o r literature. Simply mark, clip coupon, fold, and
Monitor Patented An apparatus for continuous monitor ing of drinking water containing low levels of radioactivity is disclosed in recently issued U. S. Patent 2,738,426. Developed by William M. Hurst and assigned to the Atomic Energy Com mission, the instrument is intended for use with waters having activities in the range of 1 0 - 8 microcuries per cc. of water (maximum tolerance for drink ing water has been set at 2 X 10 - 7 microcuries per c c ) . The apparatus consists of a cylin drical container mounted vertically and revolving rapidly around its vertical axis. The water to be tested enters the cylinder tangentially and is forced to the periphery where it remains un til it is forced out the bottom of the cylinder. A probe protrudes down ward into the cylinder to pick up and count the radioactivity in the water in the cylinder. The centrifugal action prevents contamination of the probe from splashing and also maintains about 11 cm. radial thickness of water along the cylinder walls to increase the sen sitivity of the measurement. The probe is specially constructed with wall mate rials of either Pliofilm or rubber hydro chloride to allow the passage of beta radiation of 20 k.e.v., as contrasted with the lower hmit of 160 k.e.v. for com mercially available glass or stainless steel counters.
with heating coils, insulation and ther mocouples for temperature measure ments at various points of the flask. The apparatus i s patterned after a de sign by Nicholas P. Setchkin of the National Bureau of Standards. Ε4
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