comprehensive reviews of the major discoveries and theories recorded during a period of 25-30 years or more; a few cover only the past 8-10 years. Eaoh presentation includes a critical evaluation of the experimental results reported, and contains details of specific definitions, techniques far isolation, identification, and determination of structures of various proteins, An extensive bibliography is included a t the end of each chapter. Both volumes include adequate author and eubjeet indexes. Volume 11 also carries cumulative author and subject indexes for Volumes 6 t o 10,inclusive. The topios covered in Volume 10 am: The Nature of Phosphorus Linkages in Phosphoproteina, Gertrude A. Perlmann, (evidence for diestur and pyrophosphate bonds as cros~.linkagesbetween peptide chains); Metabolism of the Aromatic Amino Acids, C. E. Dagliesb, (details of metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine and try,?to,han); Hydrogen Ion Equilibria in Native and Denatured Proteins, J. Steinhardt and E. RI. Zaimr, (newer interpretations of titration curves of proteins); Fish Proteins, G. Hamoir, (physicochemical properties of proteins of the muscles, enzymes, blood, and spematoaoa of fish); The Sea. as s. Potential Source of Protein Food, L. A. Walford and C. G. Wilber, (critical analysis of the availability, economio and esthetic suitability and biologicel value of marine organisms for human food); Zinc and Metalloenaymes, B. L. Vallee, (coordination chemistry of zinc, especially in various enzyme 8y~tems). Topics included in Volume I 1 are: Protein Structure in Relation t o Function and Biosynthesis, C. B. Anfinsen and R. R . Redfield, (correlation of amino acid sequences, of covalent and non-covalent structures and of cross-linkages with functions of several proteins); Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland. Part I. Growth and Adrenoeartieotropic Hormones, C. H. Li, (evidence for proposed structures); Column Chromatography of Peptides and Proteins, S. Moore and W. H. Stein, (factors influencing the precise chromatographic separation of proteins and peptides); Countercurrent Distribution in Protein Chemistry, P. von T a d and R. Signer, (principles, technique, applications and factors influencing the use of countercurrent procedures in the separation of proteins and peptides); Complex Formation between Metallio Cations and Proteins, Peptides, and Amino Acids, F. R. N. Gurd and P. E. Wilcox, (types and meohanisms of form* tion of complexes between various cations and proteins, peptides and amino acids, physical and chemical properties of various specific complexes, effects of metal ions on properties of proteins); Measurement and Interpretation of Diffusion Coefficients of Proteins, I,. J. Gosting, (physical chemistry, methods of measurement and interpretation of results of diffusion coefficients ss applied to proteins, interacting flours in systems of three or more components).
VOLUME 34, NO. 12, DECEMBER, 1957
ESSENTIAL PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY James Cason, Professor of Chemistry, Univ e ~ s i bof California, Berkeley, California. Prentioe-Hall, Inc., Englewwd Cliffs, New 530 pp. 16 X 23.5 Jersey, 1956. xi
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"n.
INTHE preface of this text the author presents the conviction that the first course in elementary organic chemistry should deal with the principles of organic chemistry. This involves a selection of what src principles, what is to be included, and what is t o be omitted. It appears to the reviewer that the author has made a workable selection of all phases of elementary organio chemistry so that the student can become familiar, although not averwhelmed, with what is important. The author believes "that when a book is eanstructed as a. combination of reference book and textbook, much of its usefulness to the elementary student is last, for he is not sufficiently sophintiertted t o discriminate between the two typen of material. The oresent book is oresented as a textbook for use in an elementary course eonsisting of about eightv-five one-hour leeture periods." Hence, if the instructor is looking for a text which contains chapters on the aliphatic nitro compounds, the aliphatic sulfur compounds, alkaloids, terpenes and steroids, he will not find them in this text. Certainly such topics are mentioned but not in sections devoted exclusively t o a lengthy account of their chemidtry and propnties. Of the many heterocyclic compounds, only three ring ~ y s t e m sare studied. Pyridine, quinoline and isoqninoline are presented as a final aection in s. relative extensive manner since the study of these compounds malres possible a review and correlation of the aliphatic and aromatic chemistry previously dincussed. The text begins with the study of ethyl aleohnl, since this compound is representative and can be utilized t o illustrate a number of properties plus ideas of structure, rules of valence, functional groups and naming. The text then follows the general order of elementary texts except that the organization is around the systematic presentation of plinciples, not the systematic presentation of facts. Theore6 ical ideas always precede the corresponding descriptive material. The Nature of the Chemical Bond is considered in the second chapter and elaborated later as Nature of Multiple Bonds, Concerning Mechanism of Organic Reactions, and Resonance and Hydrogen Bonding. Although there is much evidence of good o r ~ a n i cchemical pedagogy, one particular section which the reviewer found interesting was the description in Chapter 8 of how 8. student should approach a multistep synthesie. Usually such teaching devices are left for the individual instructor, but some aid frcm the text is always valuable. Chapter 37 on The Literature of Organic Chemistry is another such aid t o the instructor. It eoitomizes the philosophy of the text that only the fundamental ideas can be presented in the introductory course, but that the student can be awakened t o the infinite horizon of
organio chemistry t o be found in the original research literature. reactions and stereoisomerism are well done. The book is well bound. The field of organic chemistry has become so complex that no elementary course can hope t o cover a view of all the new factual material. The present text has been written from the point of view that beginning students of organic chemistry must be introduced t o the principles of the field in such a manner that they may grow in an understanding of theory and immensity of the field. The reviewer recommends this text as one which will serve the needs of sll introductory organic chemistry olasses. D. J. COOK
D e P ~ u wU ~ ~ v ~ n s t r r G n e e n c ~ s ~INDIANA ~e.
TECHNIQUE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. VOLUME 3,PART I: SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION Edited by Arnold Weissberger, Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, New York. Second revised and augmented edition. Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, 1956. ix X 873 pp. 16 X 23.5 Em. $17.50. A o v m c ~ sin the methods and techniques of separation and purification of organio compounds are reflected in the difference in this revised edition and its 1950predecessor. The earlier edition contained in addition to chapters dealing with eonvmtionitl methoda of separation and purification, a. chapter on Cooling and Heating and one on Miiing. These two topios together with a number of other labomtory engineering techniques are the subject matter for Part I1 of the revised Volume 3. Again, distillation, adsorption, and chromatography me omitted from this volume since they are covered in Volumos 4 and 5 of the Techniques series. This volume has the f o l l o ~ n gsections dealing with diffusion methods which were not included in the 1950 edition: Thermal Diffusion of Organic Liquide, by A. L. Jones, Barrier Separation, by Karl Kammermeyer, and Zone Electrophoresis, by E. MacWilliam. These three topics together with the revised seotion on Dialysis and Electrodialysis, by R. Eliot Stauffer, constitute Chapter I of this aecond edition. Eaeh of these section6 appears t o be quite complete from the standpoint of theory, general discussion including apparatus, and applications. There are many helpful line drawings and diagrams as well as numerous tables and a few pictures of apparatus. The revised seotion by Stauffer deserves special comment for i t not only includes a new section on electrodecantation but also has tan extremely good general reference seotion of 136 items, many of which are annotated. Chapter 11, Laborstory Extraction and Counter-cutrent Distribution., bv" Lvmon " Craig and David Craig, has a new section by Edward G. Scheibel an LiquidLiquid Extraction for Incressed Quantity. ~
The entire chapter has undergone extensive revision. Notable are the sections dealing with automatic countercurrent distribution equipment and the choice of solvents and compounding of systems. Chapter 111, Crystallization and Recrystallieation, by R. Stuart Tipson is greatly expanded. A fifteen-page section on inclusion compounds and molecular compounds is a worth-while addition. Centrifuging is the title of Chapter IV. It has been revised and brought up to date by two new authors, C. M. Ambler and F. W. Keith, Jr. An extensive table of symbols encountered in the theory of centrifuging irr a notable addition. The final two chapters, Filtration, by Arthur B. C u m i n s and Francis B. Hutto, Jr., and Solvent Removal, Evaporation and Drying, by GeoffreyBroughton have undergone extensive revision and amplification. The chapter, Filtration, has increased in size from 120 to 180 pages. Literature references have increased from 446 to 710. The 146 qeneral references, of which 60 on theory are annotated, are exceptionally good. The number of literature references in the final chapter has increased from 19 to 119. The majority of these refer to quite recent literature. The section dealing with removal of solvent water by vaporimtion has 19 pages compared to 7 in the first edition. New techniques such as dieleetrio or high-frequency drying are included. An added attrxtian for those who buy this edition is the Cumulative Indexes of Volumes 1-9. This includes a crossreferenced Authors Index and a topical Subject Index. The listings for Volumes 1,2, and 3 refer to the ~eeondeditions. This volume should be available to every practicing organic chemist. The abundance of theoretical material in each chapter will appeal t o the physical chemist. The techniques described are of immediate interest to the biological and physiological chemist as well as to organic chemists. The additional topics not found in the earlier edition may influerce many who own it to buy this edition also. The price, however, will influence many more to use this edition from the library reference shelf.
and solvent removal, evaporation, and drying (far a review, see R. L. SHRINER, J . Am. Chem. Sac., 79, 2982 (1957)). In the new Part 11, Laboratory Engineering, there are five chapters, two of which were in the original edition and have now been revised. These are C h a p ters 11, Heating and Cooling (132 p.), by Richard S. Egly and IV, Mixing (48 p.), by J. H. Rusbton. A section in Chapter IV on special equipment was written by M. P. Hofmann. There are three new chapters: I, Selection of Materids for the Construction of Equipment (50 p.), by Rioha~dF. Eisenberg and Richard R. Kraybill; 111, Grinding, Screening and Classifying (52 p.), by John W. Axelson and William G. Streib; and V, Operations with Gases (92 p.), by Glenn H. Miller. As the title of this new book suggests, this is intended t o assist in the design and operation of laboratory equipment, particularly where pilot plant and large scale production are anticipated. While the subject matter i8 mostly in the field of organic chemistry, this book will be very useful for all chemists and chemical engineers. The Literature appears to be well covered by each of the authors, the discussions are clear, diagrams and illustrations are excellent. The chsptersare well documented with both general and specific relerenoes. In general, the treatment of theory ia subordinate to the emphasis given to practical aspects. In addition to the index for this book, there is a cumulative index for Volumes 1-9 of the series which covers both authors and major subjects.
WILLIAM B. COOK SCIENCEFOUNDATION NATIONAI. WABHINRTON 25. D. C.
and physiologist under the capable patronage of the New York Academy of Medicine. The nine lectures contained in this volume deal with subjects of vital interest, are authoritative in character, and are presented in print inerrantly. In biochemical areas, E. F. Gale does not submit answers so much ss penetrse ing and stimulating questions regarding the relationship between nucleic acids and protein synthesis. His studies deal primarily with disrupted cell preparations of Staphylococcus aweus which are speoifically useful in that they synthesize protein under control and also readily allow for analysis of the nueleic acid components. Evidence is cited to support some of the hypotheses current in the field and to discredit others. The general problem of protein synthesis is approached in a different manner by J. S. Fruton in a consideration of enzymic hydrolysis and synthesis of peptide bonda. Attention is centered on the intracellular proteinases, or
TECHNIQUE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. VOLUME 3, PART 11: LABORATORY ENGINEERING N t e d by Arnold Weissberger, Research Laboratories, Eashnan Kodak Co. Second Edition. Interscience Publishers, Inc., 391 pp. Many New York, 1957. ix figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 om. $8.
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THE original Volume 3 of the series "Technique of Organic Chemistry" has been divided into two Parts so that new chapters could be added. Part I, Separation and Purification Methods, deals with diffusion methods, extraction and countercurrent distribution, crystallization and recrystallization, centrifuging, filtration
OLIVER GRUMMITT W ~ S T E R REBERYE N UNIVERBITI
CLEVEUND, OHIO
THE HARVEY LECTURES. S W E S 51 The Harvey Society of New York. Aoademic Press Inc., New York, 1957. xiv 298 pp. Many figs. and tables. 14 X 21 cm. $7.50.
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cathepsins, with regard to their possible role in peptide band formation, espeoially via transamidation reaotians. The dis-
presented that enzymic hydrolysis is merely s. special case of a transfer reaction. In a discussion of the chemistry of the mesodermal ground substances, K. Meyer limits his presentation to the acid mucopalysaeoharides of connective tiswestheir distribution in biological systems, their chemical components, structure, biosynthesis, and enzymic hydrolysis. A most enjoyable and profitable discussion of cyclic processes in carbohydrate metabolism is to be gained from the paper of E. Racker. The Priestley cycle consists of two phases: the reductive, represented by photosynthesizing leaves, and the oxidative, depicted by a mouse. These two pheaes of the Priestley cycle are fully explored in three macracycles. There is the degradative or Krehs cycle, the reductive pentose phosphate cycle whereby hexose is synthesized from carbon dioxide and water, and the Cori homeostatic cycle by which s. steady-state concentration of glucose is maintained. Finally, W. D. McElroy delves into the perticulars of firefly luminescence, using it as a specific example for discussion of the fascinating problems associated generally 'with the chemistry snd physiolopy of bioluminescence. In presentations in other areas, J. C. Eeeles gives an amount of the mechanisms involved in excitatory and in inhibitory synapses, C. H. Rammelkamp, Jr., stresses the role of the organism in the transmission of disease and the development of complications in streptococcus infections, and A. D. Hershey answers the question of whether bacteriophage T 2 is a parasite or an organelle hy showing it is both, and even more. A fine description of the submicroscopic morphology of protoplasm by K. R. Porter is beautifully supplemented by 40 electron micrographs. Much of the material presented in these lectures has already appeared in print in various scientific journals. This fact, however, in no way detracts from the value of these up-to-date summaries for the general reader or co-workcr in the field. EUGENE E. DEKKER U ~ ~ v e n OF s ~M n ~CH~GAN SC~ODL OP MEDICINB A N N ABBOR.MICHIWN
MODERN PULP AND PAPER MAKING Edited by John B. Calkin, President, Calkin and Bayley, Inc., New York. Third edition. Previous editions by George S. Witham, Sr. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 549 pp. Many New Yark, 1957. vii figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. $10.
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Mncn to the dismay of its scientists and engineers, the pulp and paper industry, 6fth largest in the United States, often is given slight coverage in school and college surveys of the chemical family of industries. The very ubiquitousness of the product and the ancient origins of the art (Cmtinued m page A694) JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL EDUCATION
