Books pollutants present the various methods with only brief discussion comparing the methods.
Techniques for Examining Solid Surfaces Characterization of Solid Surfaces. Philip F. Kane and Graydon B. Larrabee, Eds. xvii + 670 pages. Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th St., New York, NY 10011. 1974. $32.50
Reviewed by G. H. Gilmer, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 The multiplicity of new techniques for examining surfaces presents the investigator with some difficult choices. A rather extensive literature search is required just to compare ranges of applicability, resolution, etc., but even after such an effort, one is usually left with the uneasy feeling that he may have overlooked the obvious solution to his problem. Consequently, a volume that contains information on a large number of these methods is certain to be of value. "Characterization of Solid Surfaces" is a series of 23 articles written by investigators who have first-hand experience using these surface analysis techniques. Most of the articles have a similar format; there is a brief, nonmathematical discussion of the theory, a discussion of instrumentation, and finally a description of some typical applications. The theory and instrumentation are generally treated at a level which can be understood by the novice but provide a qualitative understanding of the fundamental processes and required apparatus. The depth of the discussion of applications is somewhat uneven from article to article. A number of authors felt obligated to reference most of the literature in their field but did so in a very superficial manner. The more effective reviews contain a few interesting examples treated in some detail, including samples of the actual data obtained by the method. These are of great value since they serve to illustrate both the successes and limitations of a technique. The articles in the first third of the book treat methods that reveal the physical characteristics of surfaces. Included are X-ray diffraction, stylus methods, optical interferometry, and several forms of microscopy (optical, transmission electron, scanning electron, and field ion). Notable omissions include ellipsometry and, unfortunately, the electron diffraction meth-
ods RHEED and LEED. The discussions of electron microscopy, stylus techniques, and X-ray diffraction are especially good and contain well-documented examples of applications. Several articles contain excellent discussions of the principles but little data. For example, there is only one reproduction of a field ion micrograph and no scanning electron micrograph in this section. Chemical characterization methods comprise the latter two-thirds of the book, and a very extensive list is included. Methods utilizing an ion beam probe are SCANIIR (surface composition by analysis of neutral and ion impact radiation), Rutherford scattering, accelerator microbeam techniques (a general discussion), and ion microprobe mass spectrometry. Low-energy ion scattering (ISS) is an important omission. Electron beam probes are treated in articles on the electron microprobe (with an X-ray detector) and Auger electron spectroscopy. Photon probes are discussed in articles on X-ray fluorescence analysis and electron spectrometry for chemical analysis (ESCA). Also included are electrochemical techniques, emission spectroscopy, internal reflection spectroscopy, radioisotope techniques, resonance techniques (ESR and NMR), and Môssbauer spectroscopy. In summary, the editors have succeeded in putting together a relatively complete source of information which should serve as a useful reference for a number of years.
New Books The Aldrich Library of Infrared Spectra, 2nd ed. Charles J. Pouchert. xxiii + 1600 pages. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., 940 West St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee, Wl 53233. 1975. $67.50
This second edition reference volume contains over 10,000 spectra and includes a new polymer section arranged by functional groups and increased molecular complexity into 51 distinct sections. The spectra are selected from over 250,000 in the Aldrich analytical laboratories and are divided into three separate indices for convenience—alphabetical, molecular formula, and Aldrich catalog number sequence. The range scanned is 2.5-16 μ (625-4000 c m - 1 ) . Infrared spectroscopists will find an additional 2000 spectra not contained in the original edition. The Aldrich Library of NMR Spectra. Charles J. Pouchert and John R. Camp bell. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc., 940 West St. Paul Ave., Milwaukee, Wl 53233. 1974-75. $115 (11 volumes)
This useful 11-volume series of ref
688 A • ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 47, NO. 7, JUNE 1975
erence spectra includes over 6,000 spectra conveniently arranged by functionality and increasing molecular complexity. Contents include a wide range of compounds such as nonaromatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, al cohols, ethers, nitro and nitroso com pounds, ketones, carboxylic and amino acids, nitriles, and cumulated double bonds. Also listed are aromatic 5- and 6-membered single- and fusedring heterocycles, N- oxides, sulfuroxygen compounds, phosphorous com pounds, oximes, alkynes, steroids, and many more. Volume XI is a cumula tive index. Recent Analytical Developments in the Petroleum Industry. D. R. Hodges, Ed. ix + 337 pages. Halsted Press, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1974. $32.50
One consequence of the oil indus try's continual change is the increased sophistication of its analytical require ments. The papers collected in this book, which are the Proceedings of the Institute of Petroleum Symposium on Recent Analytical Developments in the Petroleum Industry held in Lon don, England, reflect the advances in analytical development in the petrole um industry over the last decade. In strumental techniques especially have experienced an increasing degree of sophistication, reflected in such topics as laser Raman spectroscopy, sulfur analysis by microcoulometry, trace el ement analysis by atomic absorption spectrometry, applications of X-ray fluorescence analysis, and coulometric determination of moisture content. A total of 19 chapters containing 109 il lustrations and 59 tables is presented by experts in the field. The Role of Trace Metals in Petroleum. T. F. Yen, Ed. 376 pages. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., P.O. Box 1425, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106. 1975. $20
The editor has assembled a selec tion of topics by various experts on the nature, occurrence, and determi nation of trace metals in petroleum. Vanadium, iron, nickel, copper, cad mium, and molybdenum are included. Contents of the book cover instrumen tal analysis, neutron activation, acti vation analysis, geochemistry of trace elements in crude oils, oxidative demetalation, and metals in new and used petroleum products and by-prod ucts. Some interesting capability questions are raised as well. Standards and Practices for Instru mentation, 4th ed. Glenn F. Harvey, Ed. 812 pages. Instrument Society of Amer ica, 400 Stanwix St., Pittsburgh, PA 15222. 1974. $90 ($75, ISA members)
The fourth edition of this invalu able reference includes a compilation of worldwide instrumentation stan dards, as well as established defini tions, symbols, design data, tests, identification codes, specifications, and procedures for instruments, sys tems, and components. Seven hundred titles and abstracts of national and in ternational instrumentation standards are included, as well as the complete text of 40 current ISA Standards and Recommended Practices. A subject index lists titles of standards, organi zations, and cross references. This ref erence is also available in 16-mm (24X) microfilm. EPR of Free Radicals in Radiation Chemistry. S. Ya. Pshezhetskii et al. Translated by P. Shelnitz. viii + 446 pages. Halsted Press, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1974. $45.75
This book treats the subject of elec tron paramagnetic resonance spectra of free radicals formed in radiochemi cal processes with both the general and advanced reader in mind. Experi mental material is discussed in Chap ters 1-3 and includes discussions of fundamental principles, information on absorption of ionizing radiation in the condensed phase, and a section dealing with EPR spectra of atoms and radicals in solid matrices. Chap ters 4-6 contain experimental data published on or before July 1971 that concern free radicals formed by irra diation of polymers, hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds. The re mainder of the text is concerned with the kinetics and mechanism of free radical destruction at elevated tem peratures (including some recent re sults of photochemical studies on trapped free radicals) and with heter ogeneous radiation methods. A com prehensive list of references is includ ed at the end of each chapter.
Continuing Series
chemical studies, and applied electro chemistry. The text is reproduced from typed copy.
review of the first two volumes, see ρ 1013 A of the October 1973 issue of A N A L Y T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y . The text is
reproduced from typed copy. Analytical Chemistry of Germanium. V. A. Nazarenko. Translated by N. Mandel. xii + 360 pages. Halsted Press, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1975. $30 Analytical Chemistry of Radium. V. M. Vdovenko and Yu. V. Dubasov. viii + 198 pages. Halsted Press, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1975. $30
Methods in Radioimmunoassay, Toxi cology, and Related Areas, Vol. 7. Ivor L. Simmons and Galen W. Ewing, Eds. 183 pages. Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th St., New York, NY 10011. 1974. $22.50. Text reproduced from typewritten copy
Chemical Analysis of Organometallic Compounds, Vol. 2. T. R. Crompton. ix + 163 pages. Academic Press, Inc. (London) Ltd., 2 4 - 2 8 Oval Rd., London, NW1 7DX, England. 1974. $13.25
This book, seventh in a series on progress in analytical chemistry, deals with some rapidly developing areas in analytical biochemistry. It represents a collection of papers given at the joint meeting of the Fifteenth Eastern Ana lytical Symposium and the Twelfth National Meeting of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy held in New York, November 14-16, 1973. A review of radioimmunoassay and a series of three related technical presentations follow the award address of Rosalyn S. Yalow—recipient of the Anachem Award in Analytical Chemistry and coinventor of the radioimmunoassay technique. Additional contributions on analytical toxicology in clinical chemistry and analytical develop ments at the Food and Drug Adminis tration are included.
Chemical Analysis of Organometallic Compounds, Vol. 3. T. R. Crompton. χ + 211 pages. Academic Press, Inc. (London) Ltd., 2 4 - 2 8 Oval Rd., London, NW1 7DX, England. 1974. $17.25
Guide to Fluorescence Literature, Vol. 3. Richard A. Passwater. ix + 358 pages. Plenum Publishing Corp., 227 West 17th St., New York, NY 10011. 1974. $29.50
In these reference volumes, the au thor accounts for the international lit erature on the subject up to the end of 1972. Volume 2 includes elements of groups IVA-B, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, and silicon. Volume 3 includes elements of group IVB, ger manium, tin, and lead. Merits and de merits of the various methods of anal ysis applicable to the organocompound in question are discussed, and detailed analytical procedures are pre sented in each chapter. For a critical review of Volume 1 by E. C. Ashby, refer to the September 1974 issue of
Volume three of this central refer ence guide surveys the literature from late 1968 through late 1972 and con tains over 5000 references which are divided into 14 major categories. The clinical and biochemical analysis sec tion alone contains 980 references. This volume, unlike the first two vol umes, provides cross-references com piled from the original papers and ab stracts.
Two new volumes have been added to the series, "Analytical Chemistry of the Elements," which will include about 50 volumes when completed. Contents include physical, physicochemical, and chemical methods for the quantitative determination of the elements found in raw materials, semi manufactured products, and finished products. Techniques for the determi nation of impurities in high-purity materials are also included, along with exhaustive, up-to-date bibliographies for each element.
A N A L Y T I C A L C H E M I S T R Y , ρ 904 A.
Encyclopedia of Electrochemistry of the Elements, Vol. 3. Allen J. Bard, Ed. xii + 432 pages. Marcel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1975. $60
Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances, Vol. 4. Klaus Florey, Ed. xi + 526 pages. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10003. 1975. $26.50
The series is designed to provide background material for new electro chemical investigations and to suggest areas where further research is need ed, in addition to providing a compre hensive review of the electrochemical behavior of the elements and their compounds. Volume 3 covers phos phorus, cobalt, and nickel, with chap ters organized into sections on stan dard potentials, voltammetric charac teristics, kinetic parameters, electro
This is the fourth volume in a series prepared by the Pharmaceutical Anal ysis and Control Section, Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences. The compi lation and periodic updating of new drug substances represented in this series provide physicochemical and analytical information not normally found in the official compendia. Methods of synthesis and pathways of physical or biological degradation and metabolism are included. For a critical
Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 8. Allen J. Bard, Ed. χ + 380 pages. Mar cel Dekker, Inc., 270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016. 1975. $29.50
This series is designed to provide authoritative and comprehensive criti cal reviews in the field of modern elec troanalytical chemistry. Chapters con tain enough information (derivations of fundamental equations, descrip tions of apparatus and techniques, and discussions of important articles) so that repeated reference to the peri odical literature is not necessary. Major topics found in this volume in clude "Techniques, Apparatus, and Analytical Applications of ControlledPotential Coulometry"; "Streaming Maxima in Polarography"; and "So lute Behavior in Solvents and Melts, A Study by Use of Transfer Activity Coefficients".
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