INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
454
before diluting and acidifying. As the yellow coloring matter is not dissolved, the precoagulum contains all the coloring matter that has t o be discarded. A second mode of operation is the following: i t is not necessary to discard the yellow fraction by partial acid coagulation. If the latex can be kept liquid for a t least 20 hours, the heavier lutoids will settle down to a more or less coherent layer a t the bottom of the vessel if a sufficiently low viscosity is provided. The author has been successful in obtaining the result indicated by purposely adding salts and O.lyoformaldehyde to the latex. LITERATURE CITED
(1) Bungenberg de Jong, H. G., see H. R. Kruyt, "Colloid Science 11, Chap. X, Amsterdam, Elsevier Publishing Co., 1949.
Vol. 45, No. 2
(2) Homans, L. N. S., and Van Gils, G . E., Arch. RubbercuEt. Ned.-
I n d i e , 27, 229 (December 1950). (3) Homans, L. N. S., and Van Gils, G. E., Proceedings of the Second Rubber Technology Conference, edited by T. R. Damson, pp. 292-302, W. Heffer & Sons, Ltd., Cambridge, England. (4) McColm, E. M., IND.ENG.CHEM.,32,439 (1940); Rubber Chem. and Technol., 13, 517 (1940). (5) Ruinen, J., Ann. bogoriensis, 1, 27-46 (1950). (6) Ruinen, J., and Homans, L. N. S., Arch. Rubbercult. Ned.-Indie, 27, 243 (December 1950). (7) Van Gils, G. E., Ibid., 29, 81 (1952). RECEIVEDfor review March 13, 1952. ACCEPTEDNovember 11, 1952. Presented as part of the Symposium on Latex, Natural a n d Synthetic, before the Division of Rubber Chemistry a t the 120th Meeting of t,he A&iERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, September 3-7, 1951, New York, N. Y . This is Communication 83 of the Foundation Indonesian Rubber Research Institute ( I N I R O ) , Bogor, Indonesia.
Ternarv Solubilitv Data for Svsterns Involving 1-Propanol and Water J
J
J
J. F. MCCANTS, J. H. JONES, AND W. H. HOPSON Stanolind Oil and Gas Co., Tulsa, Okla. ITHIK recent years, the production of oxygen-containing chemicals by the oxidation of light hydrocarbons and as by-products from the synthesis of liquid fuels has become increasingly important. The use of hydrocarbons as azeotroping agents in the separation and drying of these oxygenated chemicals has also been widely investigated. These advances have necessitated a knowledge of the equilibria that exist among the osygenated chemicals, hydrocarbons, and water. I n this papw are presented equilibrium data a t 100" F. for the ternary liquid systems of 1-propanol and water with n-hexane, n-heptane, benzene, and 1-butanol. Each of these ternary systems contains one partially miscible and two miscible liquid pairs. The method of obtaining the binodal curves was essentially that described by Washburn and coworkers ( 7 ) . The nirthod consists of titrating the third component into known, hornogcneous binary mixtures to the cloud point. The binary mixturps of the consolute liquids were placed in a constant temperature bath a t
-
100' F. and titrated with a third component a t about the sanie temperature. As the cloud point was approached, each sample was agitated in the constant temperature bath for several minutes between drops of the third component. The temperatures of these systems were raised or lowered slightly (1' F.) to obtain homogeneity and their refractive indices were measured to within =kO.OOOl unit by the use of a Bausch and Lomb Precision refractometer. The tie lines were determined in general by the following procedure: h ternary mixture whose composition was well within the two-phase region was prepared and intermittently shaken for several hours in a constant temperature bath a t 100' F. The two phases were then carefully separated and their refractive indices were determined. The intersections of the tie lines with the binodal curve were then determined by refractive index interpolations between the points of known composition used to define the curve. I n all systems, the general slopes of the tie lines were checked by determining one or more tie lines by the graphical application of the lever rule as outlined by Othmer ( 3 ) . In
A
n PROPANOL Tie line intersections by: Refractive index Lever rule
Tie line intersection a s by refractive index
--0 BY TITRATION
60 A
0
4 0/
$ a F O$ R TIE h 6 LINES 0
OPOINTS BY TITRATION @POINTS FOR TIE LlNES
Figure 1. System 1-Propanol-Water-1-Butanol at 100 O F .
Figure 2. System 1-Propanol-Water-Benzene at 100' F .
I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
February 1953
TABLE I. DATAFOR BINODAL CURVES Point No.
1-Propanol, Wt. %
H20
Wt.
%
3rd Component, Wt. %
Refractive Index
SYSTEM ~-PROPANOL-WATER-~-BUTANOL 1 2 3 4 5
0 13.7 22.0 26.7 24.4
93.3 78.0 60.3 46.8 34.6
6.7 8.3 17.7 26.5 41.0
1.3373 1.3470 1.3594 1.3672 1.3739
6 7 8
19.8 12.7 0
30.1 23.3 21.2
50.1 64.0 78.8
1.3771 1.3790 1.3838
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4
5
SYSTEM ~-PROPANOL-WATER-BENZEN~ 0
