ANALYTICAL APPROACH rely on the sensitivity and selectivity of the a n a l y t i c a l methods for u r a nium, plutonium, and other impor tant components of the samples. This project taught us some valu able lessons. We learned t h a t there must be prior consultation with ana lysts in planning the sampling effort. Here, the emphasis is on the choice of sampling and a n a l y s i s methods t h a t will give a c c u r a t e d a t a , free from interferences and blank effects. Investigators must validate sam pling methods, keeping in mind the requirements and potential problems associated with the techniques t h a t will be a p p l i e d . Also, a n a l y t i c a l methods that give rapid, reliable re sults must be chosen. In critical in stances, verification by independent methods should be employed. Finally, inference m e t h o d s t h a t take into account the sources of ran dom and systematic error inherent in the data should be applied to the results. In many cases, this analyti cal uncertainty can make the differ ence between a correct conclusion and a faulty one. The IAEA was fortunate to have the proper analytical capabilities in place
so t h a t it could rapidly mobilize in support of this unprecedented inspec tion effort. In the future, it will be necessary to build on the experience gained thus far and to strengthen the analytical expertise available to the IAEA to respond to changing needs. The authors t h a n k the staff of the Safeguards Analytical Laboratory; the Physics, Chemistry, and Instrumentation Laboratory; the director of t h e IAEA l a b o r a t o r i e s ; and t h e staff of t h e IAEA Action Team for their indispensable con tribution to this work.
D. L. Donohue (left) is on his third as signment to the IAEA as head of the Isotopic Analysis Unit in the Safeguards Ana lytical Laboratory. He received B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry from the Uni versity of Virginia. In 1974 he joined the References Analytical Chemistry Division of Oak (1) Handbook ofNuclear Safeguards Measure Ridge National Laboratory. While at ment Methods; Rodgers, D. R., Ed.; U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Wash ORNL, he studied at the University of ington, DC, 1983; NUREG/CR-2078. Tennessee, Knoxville, and graduated in (2) Salahis, Α.; Grass, F.; Beuch, F.; 1979 with a Ph.D. in chemistry. Kaser, T.; Seidel, E.; Ott, S./. Trace Mi RolfZeisler is head of the Chemistry croprobe Tech. 1988, 6, 229. Unit in the Physics, Chemistry, and In (3) Ghods-Esphahani, Α.; Veselsky, J. C; Zepeda, E.; Peiris, M.A.R.K. Radiochim. strumentation Laboratory of the IAEA Acta 1990, 50, 155. laboratories in Seibersdorf, Austria. Pre (4) LaRosa, J. J.; Coopar, E. L.; Ghodsviously he worked with the Nuclear Esphahani, Α.; Jansta, V.; Makarewicz, M.; Shawky, S.; Vajda, N. / Environ. Ra- Methods Group of the National Institute dioact. 1992, 17, 183. of Standards and Technology. He re (5) Floreen, S. In Metals Handbook Ninth ceived his diploma in chemistry and his Edition; American Society for Metals: Ph.D. from the Technical University Metals Park, OH, 1978; Vol. 1, pp. 44552. in Munich.
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