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T H E - J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y .
especially adapted for subcutaneous and intramuscular injection; others aim to excel mercuric chloride for local use in being more penetrative (not coagulating albumin) and less irritating, New additions are few. Asquirrol is a stable mercurial, a dimethylate, reacting much like the well-known diphenyl mercury; the greatest care must be exercised in administering this, since through cumulative action, serious symptoms of mercurial poisoning are liable to appear without warning. Asiphyl is mercury paranilide arsenate ; Iodargyre and Hydrarsyl are organic mercurials of unknown origin. Mergandol is a mercury sodium glycerate and Antiperiostin a mercuri-iodocantharidate, both being solutions. A colloidal mercurous oxide, prepared by the reduction of mercury salts by the alkali salts of lysalbinic or protalbinic acids or other albuminoids and subsequent dialysis (D. R. P. 18g,g99-600), has been added to our list j j ) . These of colloidal mercury compounds (U. S. Pat. 740~8 patents are not unlike those of the Kalle Co. (D. R. P. I 79,980), wherein the alkali salts of decomposition-products of albumin are used for preparing colloidal silver and mercury. Sandalwood Oil Derivatives. The East Indian sandalwood oil is an old and excellent remedy for gonorrhea, objectionable, however, because of the presence of the terpene, santalen (IO%), which causes irritation of the mucous surfaces of the duodenum, the kidneys and also disturbances of the digestion. Semmler’ found that the chief constituent of this oil was a tricyclic alcohol called a-santalol. Under this title (santalol and gonorol), Mess Heine & Co., of Leipzig, introduced the alcohol into the market. Later, Semmler, through oxidation of this alcohol, obtained the tricyclic aldehyde, C,,H,,O, eksantal and eksantalic acid, C,,H,,O,. I n order to still further avoid any possible irritant action, the OH group of the alcohol was esterified through the salicylic acid radical and the product introduced by the Knoll Co. (D. R. P. 173,240) under the title Santyl. This was followed by the carbonic acid ester Blenyl (v. Heyden, Pat. 182,627). With these as prototypes, the following have been introduced during the past year. Camphosal, the neutral camphoric acid ester of santalol, C,H,,(C0,.C,,H,8)2, especially adapted for urethral fever and vesical catarrh. Thyresol is a santyl methyl ether of C,,H,,OCH,, b. p. 149-1j6O C. (16 mm.). Allosan is the allophanate of santalol. Camphosan, a 1 5 yo solution of camphosal in santalol. ( T o be continued.)
NOTES. A WOOD PRESERVATIVE. Recently a fence which was built forty years ago on a farm’ near Mechanicsville, Iowa, was taken down, and the oak posts were found to be remarkably well preserved below ground surface line, where decay of the wood so easily takes place. Four or five inches below the surface there had been inserted in each post a t the time the fence was built a wooden plug closing an augur hole cavity that enclosed a reddish, powdery substance. After most of the posts were burned, a section containing the filled cavity was secured. This when split open yielded quite a quantity of the red preservative. The wood surrounding the cavity was perfectly 1
Ber. d . chem. Ger., 40, 1120.
Apr., 1909
sound, and the augur hole surface was a s sharply defined as if made only a few weeks before. The plug was pine, but it had become so hardened that it was whittled with difficulty. The preservative seemed to be only white arsenic, colored by long contact with the wood. I\’ICHOLAS KNIGHT.
THE BUREAU OF STANDARDS ANALYZED SAMPLES. The Bureau of Standards is now able to supply an acid open-hearth steel with 0.4 carbon, in addition to the samples listed in the January number of THISJOURNAL (p. 41). An acid open-hearth sample with 0.6 carbon will probably be ready by the time this notice appears in print. Soon after March 1st a change in the fee schedule for the iron and steel samples will go into effect, allowing but a single discount rate as follows: Single sample of 150 grams, each sample $2.00. I n lots of 3 or more, each sample $1.70. The sample of zinc ore D of which analysis appeared in the JOUY. Am. Chem. SOC.,29, 269, containing about 31.41 Zn, is in charge of the Bureau and is available for free distribution in approximately go-gram samples. W. F. HILLEBRAND. FROM T H E DIVISION O F FOODS, BUREAUOF CHEMISTRY, U. S. DEPT.OF A G R . , W A S H I N G T O N . D . C . ]
[CONTRIBUTION
A SIMPLE RAPID PROCESS VINEGAR GENERATOR FOR GENERATOR USE.‘ In making vinegar on a laboratory scale in which a few gallons only of finished product are required, the existing forms of wooden rapid process generators are unsatisfactory for many reasons. Among these may be mentioned, contamination with the larvae of the vinegar fly, excessive evaporation, and loss by seepage. The essential features of a rapid process generator are, a suitable substratum, usually beech-wood shavings, where the vinegar ferment may develop, a supply of air, and an arrangement whereby the liquor being acetified, is periodically or continuously brought in contact with the shavings. The generator here described consists practically of two glass bottles filled with shavings and suitably connected by glass tubing. The liquor is gradually forced from one bottle to the other and back, using a simple siphon device and a very slow stream of water by which a third bottle is alternately filled and emptied. Contamination from the outside is entirely avoided by filtering all air admitted through a cotton plug. There is probably little evaporation as excessive heating does not occur, and there is no loss possible by seepage. Three five-gallon bottles, A , B , and C , are connected as shown. The heights indicated of the various tubes are essential to the proper operation of the apparatus and cannot be materially lessened. The use of a siphon to secure the periodic wetting of the shavings was suggested by Dr. C. S. Hudson. Its down-coming arm is made of copper tubing to lessen the danger of breaking. The bend shown in this arm appears to be necessary in order that the siphon shall not start promptly when the water overflows. A slow drip of water is run in through the curved tube in the stopper of bottle A a t such a rate that several hours are required for A to fill. The volume of A is larger than that of B or C by the volume of shavings in 1
Published by permission of the Secretary of Agriculture.
