Theory of Dalton, (D. C. Goodman) presents a well detailed account of Wollaqton's fluctuating views on the validity of loudly, immediately" and variations of Dalton's atomic theory. The Electric this. This ir followed by sketches of Current in Early Nineteenth Century equipment, including 8. much too fat buret, French Physics, (T. M. B r o m ~ admirably ) and imtructions, again in imperative describes the evolution of the distinction terms, for keeping a notebook. Orders are between t.he static and kinetic mpects of issued from the high command to do this or electricity. Maxwell, Oshorne Reynolds, that. There is no discernible attempt to and the ltadiometer, (S. G. Brnrh and C. allow student initiative or to arouse W. F . Everitt) recounts the search for an curiosity. understanding of the principles governing The organization of the manual is the movement of rdiometer vanes, which divided into two sections: (1) Stoichiomprinciples also became the foundations of etry, and (2) Solution Equilibria. Section the dynamics of rarified gases. This 1 is, in turn, subdivided into chapters enaccount is pnrtieularly interesting because titled: 1. The Laboratory, 2. Computait involves the use nf referee's reports tion, 3. Stoichiometry, 4. Gravimetrie as a primary refet.ence source. Gihbs on Analysis-Analysis by Precipitation, 5. Clausius (M. J . Klein) is an imalysis of Gihhs' ohitumy of Clausins, in which Coprecipitation, 6. Volumetric Analysis, and 7. Indirect Analysis. Section two Gibbs attempted to deswibe the signifcontains ohapters entitled: 8. Solution icance of Clausius' contributions to therEquilibria, 9. Computation with Logamodynamics. The paper entitled Origins rithms, 10, Acid-base Titrations, 11. T h e of Lorenta's Theory of i3lectrons (T. Ilirosige), attempts to trace the process of Measurement of pH-The Glass Electrode, 12. Patentiometric Acid-base Titrathe formation of the fundamental idea3 tions, 13. Polyprotic Acids, 14. Spectraassociated with the Lorentzian theory of photometry, 15. Spectrophotometic Titraelectrons and to elucidate the route to the tion, 16. Oxidation-reduction Reactions, recognition that the electromagnetic field and 17. Potentiometrio Redox Titrais an independent physical realily. The tions. Genius of the Bohr Atom, (J. L. Heilbron This reviewer can only say that the time and T. S. Kuhn) reeonstrucls the ini n the general chemistry laboratory could tellectual sequence of eventa from Bahr's be better spent in exploring some of the doctoral thesis through his three part broader aspects of chemistry-in a quantipaper entitled "On the C o n s t i t r h n of Atoms and Moloculcs." The chapter tative manner, of course. Further, it is far entitled Why Was I t Schriidingev Who too easv to make auantitative analvsis a Developed DeBroglie's Ideas'! (V. V. "had thp" for the &dent. This m"anus1 llaman and P. Forman) argues that certainly doesn't help much. Schriidinger was one of the few quantum JOHN P. MARTIN theorists whose idecs were similar to Davis and Elkins College DeBroglie's and who was not a p~ioriillElkins, West Va. 86241 disposed to UeBroglie. I he papers appearing in this voli~me are, in general, well argued. The styles of writing in severs1 of the papers seem foreign to that which most physical x i emtists may be accustomed, however the Historical Studies in the Physical focus of the papers is intellectual history Sciences, Volume I and not physical sciences. Edited by Russell McCormmach, UniThis journal will prohably he considered versity of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. by the average instrnctor in any chemist,ry University of Pennsylvania Press, Philcourse as too specialised for inclusion in adelphia, 1969. ix 314 pp. Figs. his pemonal libt.at.y. Ilowever, much 16 X 23.3 cm. 88.50. information which can be usefully employed to illustrate the basic humanness "Historical Studies in the Physical of physical sciences to students can be Sciences" is planned as an annual journal obtained from the papers in the first, devoted to articles on the title subject volume of this journal. from the eighteenth century to modern times, the period defined by the editor as the posGscientifie revolution. Apparently The Unluemily of Tezm these volumes are to ineurporete Chumia, Austin the history of chemistry annual. The rational for these volumes is best described in t.he editor's words: ". . specinlisatian by period promises to be a more fruitful approach for a histo1.y of science journal than specidization by individual scientific Catdyris of Gas Reactions b y Metals discipline. There are facets of scientific activity that can only be understood when A . J . 11. Robertson, King's College, related sciences are treated as 8. group of University of London. Springel;Verlag interact,ing diiciplines rather than as isoNew York Ine., NewYor.k, 1970. xi l a k d speciallies." 1% pp. Figs. 23 X 15 cm. $9.80. ICiglrl contributions sppenr in the fi~.st volume of this journal. Sir John HerThe first book on ent,alysis, by Rideal schel's Philosophy of Success, (Joseph and Taylor, was published >2 years ago Agassi) is nn extended critical hook report and was succeeded by srwprisingly few on Sir John Herschel's "Preliminary Disadditional books until recently. A colcourse on the Study of Nat,ural 1'hila~league of mine recently gave me a bibliogophy." Wollaston and the Atomic raphy of books on catalysis that have been
book reviews
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A730
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journal o f Chemical Education
published since 196% There are twelve titles on it. Dr. Ilobertson's book is a unique member of this list. The author has a lucid style of writing and has the ability to explain and summarize even the most diffieull subject. However, let the buyer beware! The title of the book is misleading. Ahant a third of the book is devoted to ultra-high vacuum techniques and research, and another third to concise sumtnnries of a wide range of topics. I do not menu to imply that these parts of the book are not useful. Quite the contrary. I rnenn only to warn that the author has been very s e l e h v e i n what he discusses. For example, Dr. llaberbsan discusses only reactions of simple molecules such as the hydrogenation of ethylene, hydrogendeutel.ium exchange, and the decomposition of formic acid and of ammonia. But what he has chosen to discms he does with admimble conciseness and clarity, and he gives excellent references to the literature. There arc supe1.b half-page to one page descriptions of a n nmnsing collection of things such as Auger spectroscopy, t,he Baynrd-Alpert gauge, the field ion microscope, arid so on. The remaining third of the book is a marvellous historical summary of the old, the young, and the dead concepts in c a t a l p sis from the beginning to the present. I n abouL seventy pages Dr. lluberbson takes us step-by-step fvxn Uavy's experiments on olefiant gas in 1815 to the elegant experiments u u hingle crystal faces in the 1930's. This sdmil.able sumnary is fascinaling reading and is accompanied by a n extensive (and accurate) bibliography to the wiginel papers. I t is required reading fur all workers iin catalysis and should be the first thing a beginning student is handed to read. This fine historical rumm a w makes the book a bargain. JOHNE. BENSON Diekinson College Carlislc, Pa. 1701.1
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The Chemirtrv of Inoraanic Rina Systems. Park I and II, Inferscience Monographs on Chemistry
Ionel Hairkre, [Tniversity of Clnj, Clnj, Ilmnania. Jnhn Wiley & SOW Ltd., New Ycxk, 1970. vi 1197 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 X 15.5 cm. S34.50 each.
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This pobliealion is nn expansion of the Polish version (1904) of "lntrodilclion to the Chemistry of Inor~nnicRings," whirh is i n turn a revisiw af a Romanian hook (1960) by the same title. Thc present w ~ kappears in two volumes. The chaptorsiin P w t One (F22 pp.) include: I , Introdtlclion, whirh is it general suwey of nomenrlature, ~ ( r r ~ c t u 2nd r e bonding, and equilibl.ia involving rings; 11, ITomw cyclic Compoonds emrct~nedwilh boron, the group IV elements (erchding carbon), the gx,np V elements, sulfw, nnd silirrln; 111, Inorganic llete~~oeyclw of Gmup I11 Elements; and IV, Inorgilnir Hetcl.ocycles
(Conlinued on page A75B)
book reviews of (:l.oup I\; elements. Part Two (>75 pp.) conlnins chapters entitled: V, "Inorganic Hetert~cycles of Gronp VI Elemenls"; VII, "h4etxl-Cont,sining Coordination Heterucycles"; and a n Index of Inorganic l h g System. The volumes can only be described as reference works which reflect the rapidly increasing interest in inorganic ring systems that has developed in the relatively recent past. The m~thorhas put forth a prodigeoua e8ort to orgnniae o. very large number of ~eforences(-5000) on the subject. The slyle is, accordingly, not to be judged a n tho basis of the nsual litermy standards, but rather on the density of informat,ion organized and transmitted. I n this respect, the pithy styledoes not intrude on the sobject. The lilerature is covered through 1969, mastly by the expedient of a nombor of "notes in proof" added xt the end of various sections of the book. Extensive and helpful reference is made to work not readily available to western scientists. Comprehensive iables of physical pmperties, rendily accessible through the subject index, in conjunction with the ring index, a t the end of Part Two serve adeqoatoly for bath volumes. The price of theso volumes, whieh is in the general range of most modern reference works, assures tbat tbe.y will find very limited use in private libraries. Unfortunately, the quality of the prodoction does not appear to be commensurate with that of other reference works s t this level.
The University of Texas at Austin, 78716
Methoden der Organischen Chemie. Houben-Weyl. Band X111/4. Metdlorganirche Verbindungen, Al, Ga, In, TI
Edited by Eugen MiilIer. 4th ed. Georg Thieme Verlag, 1970. Stuttgart, 430 pp., 22 figs., 62 tables. xxviii 17 X 25.5 em. DM 155-Subscription price, D M 139.50.
witb retention of A1-C hands, the rupture of AI-C bonds, and the electro-chemical reactions of organo-A1 compounds. The section on aluminum is concluded by a survey of the methods of analysis for Al, alkali metals, C, H, halogens, the hydrides, etc. I n addition, instrumental techniques as dielectric constant variations, calorimetric titrations, conduct,ivity, infra-red, proton resonance, mass spectra, and gas chromatography are outlined. The second division (26 pp) summarizes the literature on gallium compounds of the types RsGa, R.GaX, RGaX. where R is an dkyl or aryl group and coordination complexes of gallium compounds with amines, phosphines, arsines, sulfides, selenides, and ethers. The behavior of gallium derivatives on pyrolysis, reactions with oxygen, halogens, and carbonyl compounds is described. Section Three (17 pp) sets forth the literature on the reparation of mono, di, and tri alkyl or sryl indium compounds, together with the thermal decomposit,ion and reaction with carbonyl compounds. Finally, Section Few (26 pp) surveys the information on synthesis of mono, di, and tri alkyl or aryl thallium compounds. The reactions of triaryl TI derivatives with carhonyl compounds, coupling reactions with Grignard reagents and TIBr, the oxidation of olefins with TI (111) acetate, the reactions with oxygen, halogens, mercury, and mercury and tin chlorides are described and illustrated. The literature in this volume has been surveyed through 1968 and in part of 1969. The index lists approximately 1500 compounds. Owing to the considerable interest in aluminum compounds and the development of the chemistry of the other elements in the past several decades, this volume is a welcome addition and should he of considerable interest to research workers in this field. G. H. RICHTER Rice University Houston, Tezas
A732
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journal of Chemical Education
RALPHE. OESPER Univemity of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohw 46861
Asymmetric Organic Reactions
James D. Morrison, University of New Hampshire, and Harry S . M o s h e ~ , Stanford University. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 465 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 xii X 16 cm. $24.95.
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The renowned English hunter, Col. Blimp, had acquired trophies of all big game from Africa and India except one, the guru. On being interrogated why he had missed out on the guru, he replied, "because the blwdy beaters were unable to drive one up to the veranda." Organic research can also be pursued in a similar fashion. However, if one does not wish to miss some of the big ideas he will be well rewarded to hunt through Houhen-Weyl, "Die Methoden der Orgsnischen Chemie." The first section, on aluminum (314 pp), surveys the methods of preparation of tridkyl sluminum, dialkyl aluminum bydrides, alkylated aluminum halides, alkyl-Al-oxygen and sulfur canpounds, RAl (0R')X where X is C1 or H, alkylA1 compounds with direct bonding to elements in Group 5, organo-Al compounds witb unsaturated radicals, aryl, and benayl-A1 structures, and heterocyclics in whieh Al is a. hetero atom. This is followed by a discussion of the transformations by pyrolysis, reactions
Acadkmie des Sciences. Berthollet had fitted up a chemical laboratory in his house and provided space for physics experiments, etc. The members discussed their latest findings formally and also spoke freely ahout other scientific matters. Three volumes of The Manoires de Physique et de Chimie de la Socidlt d'Arcueil appeared in 1807, 1809, and 1817 and contain some of the classic papers of the time. Napoleon professed a deep interest in science and occasionally graced the meetings with his presence, so i t is entirely fitting that his relationship with science is fully explored in the opening chapter of this hook. The members best known to present-day chemists were Berthollet, Thenard, Gay-Lussac, Chaptal, and Dulong; some may likewise know the work of Laplace, von Humholdt, Arago, and Biot. No facet of the work associated with the Arcueil Society has been neglected by the author; the careens of the members are given in ample detail, also the influence of their work, as well as the influences that molded their researches and investigations. The work that went into the composing of this hook is clearly reflected by the number and variety of the references to the literature. The Indexes and Bihliographies are of immense value to the serious reader. Some may, perhaps justifiably, believe that this hook has been written for the specialist in chemical and science history, but the enormous amount of information gathered here together with the clear presentation make this an indispensable addition to most science libraries.
The Society of Arcueil. A View of Science at the Time of Napoleon I
Maurice Crosland, University of Leeds, Heinemann Educational Books, Ltd., 514 pp. IlluatraImndon, 1967. xx tions. 14 X 21.5 em. 84 shillings (= approximately $10).
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The village of Arcueil, a. suburb of Paris, came into science history, when Berthollet bought a palatial country mansion there after returning with Napoleon Bonaparte from Egypt. Laplsce bought the adjoining pr.>pcrty a few yeara Inter the t w o cstntrs totalled27 nrrw and together they f o ~ ~ n d eTlrr d Soviet\. of Arruc~l. , n nrirate organization of esgblished and promising younger men who met in Berthollet's house a t regular intervals during the non-winter months of the year. Both Berthollet and Laplace were close to Napoleon, whose favors to them made them independently wealthy. The membership never exceeded fifteen and many of the members also had been or would be elected to the Institut, the successor to the ancient
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Various aspects of asymmetric syntheses have been the subject of a number of recent review articles, notably by Pracejus (1967), Mathieu (1967, 1968) and Boyd (1968). This book by Morrison and Mosher is a welcome addition since it provides not only a review hut a critical evaluation of the literature in this field since 1933. The authors have included an addendum a t the end of each chapter which includes references to pertinent work published in 1969. The topics covered include reactions of achiial reagents with chiral ketoesters, achiral reagents with ehiral aldehydes and ketones, asymmetric addition reactions of carbonyl compounds, hydrogen transfer from chiral reducing agents to achiral substrates, asymmetric additions to dkenes, asymmetric synthesis of amino acids. ssvmmetric svnthesis a t reaotions in chiral medirt. The critical evaluation of the literature and the judicious choice of configurational (Cmtinued m page A7S4)
