The equation of state of a perfect gas

I N "A Defence of the Doctrine Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, . . . . . ," published in 1662, ... Credit for the discovery of the law of e...
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The EQUATION of STATE of a PERFECT GAS R. ROSEMAN

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S. KATZOFF

The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

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N "A Defence of the Doctrine Touching the Spring and Weight of the Air, . . . . ," published in 1662, ( I ) , Robert Boyle showed that the volume of a gas varies inversely as the pressure (temperature remaining constant). Among English-speaking peoples this law is usually called "Boyle's Law," though on the continent of Europe i t is attributed to Edme Mariotte, who, however, did not publish it until 1676 (2). Credit for the discovery of the law of equal thermal expansion of gases is given t o J. L. Gay-Lussac (1802)

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E. Clapeyron (1834)* appears to have been the first person to amve a t a single formula connecting the

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premiirc Crcndui dc aingt-quax pauces, que k pidr enricr de I'&r rux twit quuu du m h c poidr. Jc fir hire encore quclquer autrcr cxp&ieucct fimblablcs, hitT?n~ pitm ou mains d'rir d m t mtmc ruym,ou dnnsd'surm plurou'moint p n d s i & i s rrovvri roujourc, qu'apr& I'~.cxp&nc~ fiitc, 12 lopor d; tlon d s P i r dihtf i Pircndne ds cdui qu'on woir llim nu mcrcurc wanr Pr~pi.liencc,fmith mCmc uc ceUe de vingr-huirpouccr de ~LICUIC. qui CR 15 poids cnrbr dc?'Arrnofphdre, h Pexca de vinphuit par d r i h la hauteur ob ildcmeuroitaprlrPexp61icnce: ce qui a. connoitre lui%~mmcnr,don p u t rendrc pour unc Aglc cerrrinc ou loi de la nature, quc ?,air le c o n d h 2 proporrim der poidr dont il dl ehrrg6

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THE PAGEIIROM MARIOTTE'S ESSAY REPRODUCED FROM TKE 1717 EDITION OII HIS WORKS\ ON Wmca HE STATES TAAT"L'AIRSE CONDENSE A PROPORTION DES POIDS DONTIL EST CAARGO." THISESSAYFIRST APPEAREDIN 1676 I k E PAGE PROM B O n E ' S ARTICLE (REPRODUCED PROM BIRCH'S SECOND EDITION OF HIS WORKS) ON WHICH

pressure, volume, and temperature of a given mass of HYPO~ESIS "THATSUPPOSES THE EXPANSIONS TO BE W RECIPROCAL gas (5). By combining the Law of Boyle and Mariotte PROPORTION." ARTICLE FIRSTAPPEAREDI N 1662

IS ENUNCIATED

THE

PRESSUlLES AND

(3), although J.-A. C. Charles, in some earlier unpublished work (about 1787), had found that oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and air expand to the same extent from 0' to 80' R (4).

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le rn6molre Jut env& ie I1 jan& 1833. ~ e n d ud l'auteur, ilyii Pdlid par cdui-ci, dans 2e Journal de L'Ecole Polytechnique, 23e cahier, 1834, Pnges 153-190."-Private communication from the perpetual secretaries of the Academie des sciences, Paris, De~

cember 18, 1933.

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D E CItlMIB.. 175 sit6 et la qoantit6 d'eau qu'ile fiemeot en dissalution, et toutes lesvapeurr,se dilnbnt Pgalement par Ira memes degds de ehsleur. lo. Pour lco gaz permanens, I'eugmentation de volume que chacun d'eux reqoit depuia Ic degvd de la glaep fondame jurqe'i eelui de I'em buuillante est Pgale aur 5i:ndu volume primitif pour le thermom~tre&.is& en 80 parties, ou sux du m h e solunle Pour le tllermomktre eenligrade. 11 me m t e ,pour cdmpl6ter ee travail ,& dftcrminer la loi de la dilatation der knr dcs vapeurs , a h d'en eooclcre le codfficient dr 1s.dilalotion pour un rlegd queleonque de elmlrur dllrrminf et h m'nssurerde la rraic momlne rlu thermombtre. Jevais m'occuper de ces uouvelles recherche#; elquand dtcr seront termindes, j'nurni I'honorur de ler 0ommuniquGr h I'lnatil~t.

V e quoique j ' e ~ r ewconouuo grand nombrc de fair que lrr gaz oxigknc, azdte h y d r 6 @ne ct wide carbonique, el Pair atmosph6-

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rique se dilarnt (galemerit depuis o' jusqu'h Soo le cit. Charles araitrcrnamu6 deiruis

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II avail ausi eherch6 B &termioer la dilatation des gaz rolublcr dam l'cau, rt il avait t r o u d & rhacun une dilalation particulikre ct diITPrenle de relle dm a u W g-. A cct igard mrs experiences diffkmt beaucoup drr sicnner. 1.e cit. Charles s'6taitser.i pour apparcil