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Functional Nanostructured Materials (including low-D carbon)
The Fabrication of Highly Stretchable, Washable, Wearable, Water Repellent Strain Sensors with Multi-stimuli Sensing Ability Xin Zhou, Li Zhu, Li Fan, Hua Deng, and Qiang Fu ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11766 • Publication Date (Web): 24 Aug 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on August 29, 2018
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
The Fabrication of Highly Stretchable, Washable, Wearable, Water Repellent Strain Sensors with Multi-stimuli Sensing Ability Xin Zhou, Li Zhu, Li Fan, Hua Deng,* Qiang Fu* College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Cheng Du, P.R. China ABSTRACT: Stretchable and wearable sensors with active response to various environmental stimuli possess numerous potential applications in stretchable electronics, motion sensors, environmental monitoring and so on. Herein, we report a new method to realize control on the local conductive networks of strain sensors, thus, their sensing behavior. These multifunctional crack-based sensors were prepared via spray coating the mixture of carbon nanotube (CNT) and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) with various ratios onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Conductive CNT/KH550 layer illustrate brittle mechanical behavior which triggers the formation of cracks upon stretching. This is thought to be responsible for the observed electromechanical behavior. These sensors exhibit adjustable gauge factors (GF) of 5–1000, stretchability (ε) of 2%–250%, linearity (nonlinearity–linearity) and high durability over 1000 stretching-releasing cycles for mechanical deformation. Washable, wearable and water repellent sensors were prepared through such method to successfully detect human physiological activities. Moreover, the variation in temperature or the presence of solvent can also be detected due to the thermal expansion and swelling of PDMS layer. It is expected that such concept could be used to prepare sensors for multiple applications thanks to its multi-functionality, adjustable and robust performance, simple and low-cost fabrication strategy. KEYWORDS: strain sensing, crack, local conductive network, adjustable, multifunctionality.
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1. INTRODUCTION Tremendous and continuous attention have been paid to the applications of stretchable sensor, which includes electrical skins,1-4 human motion monitoring,5-9 flexible displays,10-12 robotics,13 energy harvesting,14-15 and others.16-18 At present, conventional sensor based on metal foil possesses a low GF of 2–5 and a low stretchability (ε＜5%).19 In order to prepare stretchable, wearable, flexible, and multifunctional sensors, many studies have been reported. These investigations involve various materials (carbon blacks, CNT, graphene, nanoparticles, PDMS, rubber, etc.20-27) and a number of methods (filtration, printing, coating techniques, etc.27-34). For instance, Li et al. obtained stable hybridized films by chemical vapor deposition of graphene in voids between CNTs, these films illustrate linear and reproducible response to strain with a GF of 0.36 at 10% strain.35 Kim et al. prepared PET/PUA/Pt crack-based sensor illustrate a ultrahigh sensitivity of 16000 with maximum strain of 2% due to unstable conductive networks.36 Zifeng Wang et al. incorporated single-wall carbon nanotubes into elastic cotton/polyurethane (PU) core-spun yarn to obtain a high reliability stretchable strain sensor (300% strain, 300,000 cycles under 40% strain). However, extremely low gauge factor (＜1) is illustrated.40 Qiang Liu et al. used a simple and low cost method to fabricate a fish-scale-like sensor, which possesses ultralow limit of detection (
