Apr.,
1915
T H E J O U R N A L OF I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
Union at a price of 3 marks per ton. Including these, the original list for the current year comprises thirty-eight concerns, of which the largest allotments (in tons) for 1915are those of:
...... 234,483
Gelsenkirchener Co.. Lubeck Blast-Furnace C o . , German Luxemburg C o . , K r a f t Kratzwieck Co.. K r a f t Nether Rhine Co.. Iron Works Meiderich. , Fried. K r u p p . .
167,500 .. 163,000 .... 160,000
. .. . . 158,600 157,009 ............ 150,211
Van der Zyppen-Wissen C o Budernssche Iron Works.. Gutehoffnungshhtte.. North German Iron Works, Bremen.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E a s t German Pig-Iron Syndicate..
.....
106,592 105 000 101 1197 100,000
............ 100,000
All the other allotments are of less than IOO,OOO tons, the lowest on the list being: Geisweiler Iron Works, 12,000 tons. The Bast German Pig-Iron Syndicate only figures with 75,000 tons for 1916 and 1917,while the North German Iron Works in Bremen advanced from IOO,OOO tons in 1915to 150,ooo for the following two years, etc.
357
There are numerous special arrangements; the allotment of the Gelsenkirchener concern, the figure for which increases 43,000 tons for 1916 and 1917, only refers to the company’s production a t the blast furnaces of the Schalker section (Gelsenkirchener and Vulkan-Duisburg), and i t does not comprise the same company’s production in Luxemburg and Lorraine. The Gelsenkirchen concern, it will be seen, comes second to the aggregate of the two Kraft companies. There is, perhaps, no more striking example of the German disposition to establish and maintain system and method in the prosecution of commerce, industry, of everything in fact, than their immense structure of kartels and combines, the formation and working of many of which have entailed endless labor and the most patient perseverance.
,
NOTES AND CORRESPONDENCE THE KJELDAHL-GUNNING-ARNOLD METHOD FOR NITROGEN The possibilities-in point of rapidity-of the KjeldahlGunning-Arnold method of determining nitrogen appear not to be fully realized. TrescotI and Jensen2 seem to imply that the digestion should be an hour and a half a t least-in some cases two and a half hours. It is to be regretted that they did not try the method out with shorter periods. The following results are presented with a view to inducing experimenters to test the method for short periods of digestion-a quarter of an hour up. The quantity of substances taken in these determinations was 0.7 gram. The periods of digestion-one quarter, one-half, one and a half, and three and a fifth hours-represent the total time that heat was applied. The digestion was very vigorous throughout. The flasks (500 cc. long neck Jena) were set down against full (or almost full) flame of Bunsen burners a t the start. The percentages are for nitrogen. In the case of short periods of digestion (one-fourth to onehalf hour), the acid must, of course, be brought quickly to vigorous boiling, in order that the acid vapor may quickly reach
No. 80 granulated zinc is added. If a large excess of zinc is added, this, besides being a waste of material, releases so much mercury that some of it (mercury) will be carried over into the distillate, where i t manifests itself as minute spheres floating on the surface of the distillate. But the presence of this mercury never, so far as the writer ever observed, affected the results of the determination. STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE J. M. PICKEL RALEIGH,N. C., March 12, 1915
ON SHORTAGE OF DYES IN THE UNITED STATES Editor Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry: I n view of the long-maintained complaint of a dyestuff shortage the following based upon the “Monthly Summary of the Foreign Commerce of the United States” published by the Department of Commerce for January 1915 are not without present interest.
Ratio 1915 IMPORTS BOR JANUARY 1914 1915 Increase t o 1914 Alizarin and alizarin dyes $ 33,400 $ 459,266 $425,866 1375 : 100 Anilin oil 19,872 9,872 -10,000 50 : 100 Anilin dyes 611,350 1,086,570 475,220 178: 100 77.123 183.082 105.959 2 3 7 : 100 K JELDAHL-GUNNING-ARNOLD NITROGENDETERMINATIONS (PERCENTAGES) Indiso ~ _ _ _ No. Periods of digestion l/a H r . 112 Hr. l*/z Hrs. 3 Hrs.-23 Min. TOTALS $741,745 $1,738,790 $997,045 2 3 5 : 100 14.18 14.28 14.22 5416 Dried blood 14.12 14.36 14.22 IMPORTSFORTHE 14.14 14.26 14.24 (3 hrs.) 7 MONTHSENDING JAN. 1913 1914 1915 14.04 $ 833,715 $ 425,150 $1,222,093 16.88 Alizarin and alizarin dyes 16.86 16.90 5417 Calcium cyanamide Anilin oil 192,741 131,143 79,320 16.70 1 6 , 8 8 16.92 4,230,730 6.06 Anilin dyes 4,199,823 4,278,797 6.12 6656 Cottonseed meal 680,359 6.58 Indigo 660,493 862,021 6.64 6672 Cottonseed meal 6.12 6.18 6674 Cottonseed meal 85,937,545 $5,416,609 86,442,231 6.54 TOTALS 6.56 6675 Cottonseed meal 6.10 6.12 6676 Cottonseed meal 6.68 6.76 6678 Cottonseed meal 6.16 6.08 6660 That is, in the seven months ending January, 1915(during six 3.82 3.86 6659 of which the European War was going on), the imports of coal2.44 6655 2.46 3.00 3.04 667 1 tar dyes were $1,025,622 greater than for the corresponding 2.74 2.74 6673 2.36 2.32 2.30 6662 Red dog seven months ending January, 1914and $504,686 greater than 3.00 2.96 6661 Peanut bran 3.02 the corresponding period ending January, 1913. Or, the 1915 1.46 1.46 1.52 6663 Ground corn and cob 1.48 1.46 6657 Ground corn and cob values are 119 per cent of the 1914values and 109 per cent of 1.86 ‘1.94 6669 Corn screenings 1.46 1 .50 6668 Cracked corn the 1913values. 1.40 1.38 6670 Molasses feed With the equally insistent complaint of slow business in colored 2.56 6658, Wheat bran 2.54
the entire nterior of the flask, and bring every particle of substance quickly and completely under the full influence of the reagents. It has fallen to the lot of the writer to make many thousands of nitrogen determinations. He regards a half hour -start to finish-of vigorous boiling as ample for determining organic nitrogen by the Kjeldahl-Gunning-Arnold method. Following the lead-if he remembers correctly-of the late Professor Atwater, he alkalizes, and alkalizes strongly, by adding the sodium hydroxide and potassium sulfide as a mixture. This saves one manipulation and precludes the releasing of hydrogen sulfide. There will be no bumping if a little (50 or so mg.) of 1
THISJOURNAL, 6 (1913), 914
* Zbid,
7 (1915), 38
textiles is there not some room for the suspicion that somebody is hoarding dyes? If there be hoarding, is there a shortage in the true sense of the word? 90 WILLIAMSTREET, NEW Y O R K BERNH.4RD c. HESSE March 23. 1915
THE NORMAL CHLORINE CONTENT OF SURFACE WATERS OF WESTERN FLORIDA Determinations of chlorine in surface waters of western Florida, made by using the Volhard and Mohr methods yielded the following conclusions and results. of chlorine determinations in surface waters bv _A_ cnmnariwn - - - - - r ----
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