The Life of A Retraction, Catching Errors

4/16/2015

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Upcoming ACS Webinars www.acs.org/acswebinars Thursday, April 23, 2015

“Improving Climate and Weather Forecasts: Understanding Atmospheric Aerosols” Kimberly Prather, Professor of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego Alexis Schusterman, 2014 Chem Champs Finalist Ph.D. Candidate, University of California Berkeley

Thursday, April 30, 2015

“Picking the Right Screening Strategy” David Swinney, CEO, Institute for Rare and Neglected Diseases Drug Discovery Barry Bunin, CEO, Collaborative Drug Discovery


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Check out Ivan and Charon’s Reddit AMA for your answers to fraudulent research in publications!

http://bit.ly/catchingerrors

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4/16/2015

“Catching Errors: Peer Review and Retractions in Publishing”

Charon Pierson Governing Council of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)

Ivan Oransky Retraction Watch and MedPage Today

James DuBois Center for Clinical Research Ethics, Washington University School of Medicine

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Catching Errors: Peer Review and Retractions in Publishing

ACS Webinars April 16, 2015 Ivan Oransky Co-founder, Retraction Watch Vice President, Global Editorial Director, MedPage Today @ivanoransky 12

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Is This Science Today?

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Robots No Longer Considered Harmful I.P. Freely, Oliver Clothesoff, Jacques Strap, Hugh Jazz, Amanda Huginkiss

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One From Biochemistry: Karel Bezouška

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Audience Survey Question ANSWER THE QUESTION ON SCREEN

Have you ever retracted a paper? • • • •

Yes, I have retracted a paper No, I have not nor have any of my colleagues No, I have not but I have seen retractions before What’s a retraction?

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Retractions on the Rise

http://pmretract.heroku.com/byyear 18

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Most Retractions Due to Misconduct

PNAS online October 1, 2012

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Which Journals Retract?

-Infection and Immunity 2011

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How Long Do Retractions Take?

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How Long Do Retractions Take?

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What Happens to Retracted Papers’ Citations?

-Assn of College & Research Libraries 2011

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What Happens to Retracted Papers’ Citations? Budd et al, 1999: • Retracted articles received more than 2,000 postretraction citations; less than 8% of citations acknowledged the retraction

• Preliminary study of the present data shows that continued citation remains a problem • Of 391 citations analyzed, only 6% acknowledge the retraction 25

Do Journals Get the Word Out?

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Do Journals Get the Word Out?

“Journals often fail to alert the naïve reader; 31.8% of retracted papers were not noted as retracted in any way.”

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The Euphemisms  “unattributed overlap”  an “approach”  “a duplicate of a paper that has already been published”…by other authors

 “significant originality issue”  “Some sentences…are directly taken from other papers, which could be viewed as a form of plagiarism” 28

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“This article has been withdrawn by the authors.” -Journal of Biological Chemistry

Is this a useful retraction notice? • Yes, why go into the details • Neither Yes nor No, it should be left to the journal’s discretion • No, we need to know why it was withdrawn

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Why The Opacity?

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Why The Opacity?

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Post-Publication Peer Review On The Rise

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Doing The Right Thing Pays

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Contact Info/Acknowledgements [email protected] http://retractionwatch.com @ivanoransky Thanks: The MacArthur Foundation Nancy Lapid, Reuters Health 34

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Catching Errors: Peer Review and Retractions in Publishing Charon A. Pierson, PhD Editor and COPE Council Member

About COPE • COPE began in 1997 as an informal forum for a small group of editors to discuss ethical issues relating to research and publication in biomedical journal publishing • COPE 2015 - Has over 10,000 members - International in scope and fully inclusive in subject matter - ACS is an active member of COPE

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COPE Council • Elected by membership – 3 year terms • Editors, former editors, or publishers • All volunteers – supported by paid staff at COPE

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COPE Provides: • Leadership in thinking about ethics in publication • Practical resources to educate and support • A neutral, professional voice


Which statement is closest to your experience as a manuscript reviewer? • I have never been taught how to review a scholarly manuscript • I learned how to do a scholarly review during my formal education • I learned how to do a scholarly review once I started working in my career 40

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Misconduct/Errors and Peer Review Misconduct/errors can be detected:  By editor  By software  By reviewers  By post-publication review  AND the authors themselves

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Marcovitch et al Croat Med J. 2010 doi: 10.3325/cmj.2010.51.7

Would you know how to detect errors as a reviewer?

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Editors think misconduct only happens in other journals Not a problem at my journal

Never occurs at my journal

Redundant pub

14%

17%

Plagiarism

24%

19%

Duplicate pub

27%

9%

Author CoI

33%

22%

Reviewer CoI

31%

22%

Fals/fabr data

39%

35%

Image manipulation

64%

47%

Wager et al. J Med Ethics 2009;35:348-53

What to do if you suspect fabricated data in a published manuscript

Guides editor through a logical process of investigation and decision making

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Which statement reflects your experience with retracted literature? • I’ve never seen a retraction notice • I’ve seen a retraction notice but did not understand what it meant • I’ve seen a retraction notice that forced me to change my thinking about some research 48

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Purpose of Retractions • Clearly and rationally correct the literature

• They are not punishment for misconduct

• Insure integrity of scientific record

• Must not be defamatory or libelous

• Alert readers to redundant publication

Lessons Learned: Retractions Should Always • Identify article and link to it • Be clearly identified as retraction • Be published promptly

• Be freely available (no paywall!) • State the reasons for retraction • State who is retracting (author, editor) • Avoid defamatory statements

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Ivan Oransky Retraction Watch and MedPage Today

James DuBois Center for Clinical Research Ethics, Washington University School of Medicine



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Ivan Oransky

James DuBois

Retraction Watch and

Center for Clinical Research Ethics, Washington University School of Medicine

MedPage Today



How has ACS Webinars benefited you?

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®

“ACS Webinars present just the right amount of chemistry on a topic and in just the right amount of time to round out my knowledge on a subject of interest to me. I Love these webinars - nowhere else could I get this level of instruction by experts in their field live or through a recorded session. This makes for a very happy chemist/toxicologist and ACS member.”

Donna Bush, Ph.D., DABFT Forensic Toxicologist Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, HHS

Be a featured fan on an upcoming webinar! Write to us @ [email protected]

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facebook.com/acswebinars @acswebinars youtube.com/acswebinars

Search for “acswebinars” and connect! 55

Benefits of ACS Membership Chemical & Engineering News (C&EN) The preeminent weekly news source.

NEW! Free Access to ACS Presentations on Demand® ACS Member only access to over 1,000 presentation recordings from recent ACS meetings and select events.

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Upcoming ACS Webinars www.acs.org/acswebinars Thursday, April 23, 2015

“Improving Climate and Weather Forecasts: Understanding Atmospheric Aerosols” Kimberly Prather, Professor of Chemistry, University of California, San Diego Alexis Schusterman, 2014 Chem Champs Finalist Ph.D. Candidate, University of California Berkeley

Thursday, April 30, 2015

“Picking the Right Screening Strategy” David Swinney, CEO, Institute for Rare and Neglected Diseases Drug Discovery Barry Bunin, CEO, Collaborative Drug Discovery


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The Life of A Retraction, Catching Errors

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