The Presentation of Laboratory Experiments Using a Different Visual Tool: Kineographs Among many reasons, organic chemistry is difficult hecause the student must adjust t o new concepts and new vocahularlv. the Dace of the course is counter to the slow sink time for learnine , In addition.,~ " it. The same nrohlems arise in the lecture and lahoratory as many beginning students find i t difficult t o recall what they have done. As chemists we must adjust t o these problems without sacrificing quality. Solutions t o this gap between word and practice could he t o have available t o the students film strips, videotapes, films, or even demonstrations the p e r i d before a given experiment. These solutions, however, are not only expensive or use valuable laboratory time hut might not he available when the student has time to use them. I t is for these reasons that we have developed kineographs that cover many of the techniques used in organic chemistry. These are supplied as series of photographs hound in hook form using spiral binding. The kiueographs might also be presented as sketches and could he oaee. nlaced in the mareins of a laboratow manual. several t o an outer marein and on both sides of each . - In anvcase, the studrnt could acrezs these in the dormitmy, liluary, 01 laboratory. W e find that 15-30 pictures per technique ia sufficiently instructive to be useful. The roll per technique wwld deprnd u p m the quantrty printed, the quality of priming, and the binding, hut could be as little as $1.00. The kineographs that we have developed demonstrate the setting up and performing of recrystallization, gravity and vacuum filtration, fluting filter paper, simple and steam distillation, and thin-layer and gas chromatography. Other techniques including extr&tion and column chromatography will be done in the future. One other solution that is related to the above technique might be to select fewer pictures and print them as strips on a oaee. This aooroach would suffer from the loss of detail and would rewire additional napes . . in a manual. Nevertheless, such anaooroach mieht be satisfactorv for some enneriments. With the dropoffof interert in chemistry, new approaches that might make chemistry more appealingand moreeasily learned must hp tested. Bemuse the kineograph should lrssen the frustration of readina "obxure matrrial" and recalling old lersmr, these rrsual presentations should hrlp in attaining thegoal in organicand otherareasofchrmistry.'l'heym~ghr even add tu the safety fartor in the lalmratury. The kmeographs s h d d not be used as a substitute for the laboratory experrenre, hut, with some modification, they mrght he used in n
