of "atomic energy" or to ignore its social implications. It is hoped that this very competent second edition will he even more popular than the first. LAURENCE S. FOSTER Ordnance Matm'ak Research Wabaterlmun Arsenal Watwlmun. Massaehusetla
Chemical Thermodynamics
Frederick T.Wall, University of Illinois. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, 422 pp. 16 X 24 cm. $8. 1958. vii
+
This book is meant to he a textbook for graduate students or advanced undergraduate students in chemistry (it is not a treatise for experts). For t h i ~purpose, the reviewer feels that it is not only an excellent work but is, indeed, the best available a t the present time. For examplo, Lewis and Randall is out of date; MaoDougall is out of print; Klote is a little too classiertl and overemphasizes numerical work somewhat; and Guggenheim is too advanced for most beginners (though it would be the book of choice for a clam consisting of ~ o t e n t i a ltheoretical chemists). Well presents a nice balance between theoretical and applied thermodynamics, and a t the right level for the average chemistry graduate student. The problems are especially refreshing-dein many cases from the usual exercises in numerical manipulation. An elementary presentation of statistical mechanics is interspersed with the thermodynamics. This is becoming more popular, st least in books. The reviewer prefers in lectures, a t least, to treat thermodynamics and statistied mmechl~niosas separate courses, though an indispensable pert of the thermodynamics course would be a molecular interpretation, in wolds, of as much thermodynamic data and as many equations as possible. Fortunately, the statistical mechanios in Wall's book can he omitted a t the instructor's option. The reviewer finds one very annoying feature: fallowing Lewis and Randall, Wall see8 fit to use the partial mold Gihbs free energy symbol ( F J instead of the chemical potential symbol (w). This is unfortunate for two reasons: (a) the chemical potential plays a very special and important role (along with pressure and temperature) in determining phase and chemical equilibria and so deserves a special wmbol; and (b) the chemical potential is related mathematically (as a differential coefficient) not only to F, hut also to A, E , and H . Wall's choice in this matter is especially surprising in a hook which includes some statistical mechanics, since statistical mechanicians almost always use M. Professor Wall, ss a textbook writer, has the advantage of being, in his own research, a skilled practitioner of both statisticsi mechanics and thermodynamics. This advantage is not only evident throughout the book, hut is perhaps its moat obvious feature.
Eugene
154
/
Journol of Chemical Education
Principles of Geochemistry
Brian Masm, Professor of Mineralogy, Columbia University. Second edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 310 pp. 48 figs. 44 1958. vii tables. 15.5 X 23.5 em. $8.50.
+
This book is suitable for a one-semester course in geochemistry aimed principally a t geologists, and emphasizing areas where chemical principles are applicable. The spproach to all subjects is that of the geologist and the chemical principles used are mostly of an elementary nature. A chemist might have difficulty deducing that KA1Si80s(Or)is orthoclase sinoe it is not clearly indentified in the text, p. 102. The chapter an Thermodynamics and Crystal Chemistry is somewhat hazy from the viewpoint of a chemist. Thus the statement on p. 65, "it is the change in internal energy which the system undergoes in passing from one state to another that is significant," needs considerable ampMcation. The citing of Le Chatel i d s principle, p. 67, might arouse J . de Heer (THISJOURNAL, 34, 375 (1957)). The statement on p. 210, "no 108s of gases into interplanetary space should have taken place since the earth cooled to its present temperature, because even for hydrogen the mean square velocity is considerably less than the velocity of escape," needs qualification. The normal distribution of velocities would allow some molecules to have velocities equal to the escape velocity. The material in the text has been brought up to date since the first edition in many ways. For example, the astronomical age of the universe has heen revised and more data on geologic dating has been added. The description of the makeup of the crust above the Mohorovicic discontinuity has been changed to conform to more recent seismic work. The type has been enlarged t o more readable size in most tables. Since the first edition of this h w k was interest, in the field of geochemistry has increased markedly. The Geochemical Society was formed in 1955 and has over 1500 members. As a t e x b h w k in this special field, giving a rapid over-all picture of the field, this b w k should be useful. As a general reference book in the field, one should rather consult Goldsehmidt or Rankama and Sahama. No cxeroises or problems m included in Mason's book.
and Solids Handling held a t Manhattan College in April, 1957, and is a companion volume t o Volume 1, "Aerobic Oxidation." The book is divided in three parts: Part I, Anaerobic Treatment (14 papers), Part 11, Sedimentation and Flotation (10 papers), and Part 111, Vacuum Filtration and Sludge Conditioning (4 papers). Each paper is fallowed by a list of references. An author index and a subject index appear a t the end of Part 111. Each paper is well written, and accompanying figures and tables are easily understood. The book is not for the layman but is intended for those who have a strong background in wastes treatments and problems and who wish in one volume t o acquaint themselves with recent advances in these srees. Representative paper titles are as follows: Anaerobic Digestion of Pulp and Paper Wastes, The Uniflow Tank-An Improved Settling Tnnk, and Sludge Elutriation.
The Properties of Gases and Liquids
Robed C. Reid, Assistant Professor of Chemical Engineering, and Thomas K. Sherwood, Professor of Chemical Engineering, both of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. McGraw-Hill Book Co.. Inc.. New York. 1958. xii 386'pp. k a n y figs. and tables. 16 X 23.5 cm. 510.
+
Not enough physical data, on the new compound to design a plant t o make it? Don't say it can't be done! Estimate the properties from equations and rules given by Reid and Sherwood. The physical chemist likes t o work with thermodynamically exact equations to calculate unknom properties from experimental data. The Clapeymn equ* tion is an exact equation. The chemical engineer will make approximations to put this equation in a form that can be used with the data available. The ClausiusClttpeyron equation and graphical methods, as the Othmer plot, are approximations from the exact equations. Reid and Sherwood have selected s. number of important properties of gases and liquids and have given the better equations to calculate approximately the values of these properties. The properties, given JOSEPH A. SCHUFLE by chapters, are: criticsl properties; P-V-T properties; vapor pressures and Is, New Mezieo Institute of tentheats; heats, freeenergiesof formation, Mining and Technology and heat capacities; viscosity; thermal Soeorro, New Meziw conductivity; diffusion coefficients; vapor-liquid equilibria. A number of methods are given, starting ~ 4 t hane which Biological Treatment of Sewage and requires the least data and continuing t o Industrial Wastes. Volume 2: Anaerothe more complex, hut accurate, equation. bic Digestion and Solids-Liquids SepaTables are given which show the percentration age deviation of values calculated by several equations from the experimental Edited by Brother Joseph McCabe and values. Finally a. recommendation is W . W . Eckenfddm, JI., Manhattan made as to the equation to be used with College. Reinhold Publishing Corp., the data available. New York, 1958. vi 330 pp. Many No mention has been made of the exfigs. and tables. 15 X 23 em. $11.50. cellent series of articles on "Estimate Engineering Properties" by W. R. Gambill The text contzins the papers presented (Continued on page A1661 a t the Conference an Anaerobic Digestion
+
B O O K REVIEWS which has been appearing in Chemical Engineering since February 1957. Reid and Sherwood give fever methods, but they show the accuracy of the methods and their final recommendations are h e l p ful t o the busy engineer. I n order t o make such recommendations a ccmplete literature survey of both data available and ealculation methods had t o be made. References are made t o 480 sources. The reader will find references t o original data and tables of data used for comparison with calculated values. There is hound to he disagreement on minor points whew there are so many equations, but certainly the better equations and methods are given. The reviewer believes that the Othmer and Diihringplot~could have been used much more ertensivelv. and Othmer was not mentioned. This hook will be used extensively by desien engineers. Students in chemical engineering will also use i t to estimate properties and tosee the development of approximation equations. Physical chemists will find the book useful t o point out deficiencies in data and in equations t o correlate these data. Many useful research projert,~can be based on areas pointed out in the hook.
KENNETH A. KOBE The Unive&,
of Tezas A wtin
Soviet Pharmaceutical Research
Chemistry Collection No. 4. Consultants Bureau, Inc., New York, 1058. Val. 1: Phnrmaceutied Chemistry. 447 pp. Many figs. and tables. Vol. 2: Phmmacognosy. 401 pp. Vol. 3: Medicinal Chemistry. 556 pp. All three volumes paper hound, 21.5 X 27.5 em. Vol. 1: $95.; Vol. 2: $90.; Vol. 3: $100. The set: $200. At a time when the Western World eyes the achievements of science in the U.S.S.R. with a mixture of admiration and apprehenion, it is gratifying to he able to road the Englinh translation of hundreds of Rwsian articles in the fields of pharmaceutical chemistry (Vol. I), pharmacognosy (Vol. 2), and medicinal chemistry (Vol. 3). These papers have been published in the interval hetween the end of World War 11 and 1055, mostly in the early 1950's and although they have heen abstracted in Chemical Abslmcts for t,he most part, their trandation offers the English-speaking reader a more intimate insight into the thinking, the trends, the methodology, and the advances of recent Russian mdicinsl science. One can only hope that the language harrier separating us from tho original papers will shrink as more Western studmts will study scientific Russian. By the same token, it may he hoped that the ~ e r t i n e n t American journals will become more freely availahle to Russian medicinal and phnrmaccutieal .(Continued on page A170)
A166
/
Journal o f Chemkol Education
