actually using it, it is the opinion of this reviewer that this text is well written and will enjoy widespread use. The print is of satisfactory sizk, even the notes. The format is also good.
B O O K REVIEWS Qualitative Elemental Analysis E. H. Swift and William P . Sehaejer, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. W. H. Freeman & Co., San 469 pp. Figs. Francisco, 1962. xiv and tables. 16 X 24 em. $6.75.
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The authors of this new text are to be congratulated for producing more than just another "Qual. Text!' Perhaps the most important feature is the compromise struck between eemimiero and macro scale, resulting in student practice in a wider variety of laboratory manipulations and the use of proceduresfor the estimation of quantities of elements present (trace, small, medium, and large, corresponding to 25% of the sample, respectively). The actual weight of sample taken for analysis is 100 mg. in the case of a non-metallic solid. It is the avowed purpose of the text to offer "an effective means far the systemization and correlation of a large and useful background of factual inorganic chemistry." On page 8 the authors state that the system is limited to 24 elements; however, this reviewer finds procedures for the detection of 27. Of the elements considered in classical cation schemes, Hg, Cd, Bi, Sb, Co, and Sr are omitted. Titanium and vanadium are included. Metalloids considered are Si, P, S, N, C, and all four halogens. The text is divided into four sections. Section 1 is entitled Principles of Analytical Chemistry and consists of 115 pages. In it qualitative analysis is discussed in general; units and terminology are introduced; homogeneous and heterogenous equilibria are treated thoroughly with particular emphasis upon separation applics,
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tion; a start is made on the concept of periodicity of chemical properties with emphasis on oxides. This last part of Section 1 is stressed since the group separations in the scheme of analysis are based upon properties of oxides. Sulfide sepaations are used, but only in breaking groups into sub-groups. Section 2 is entitled Techniques of Analytical Chemistry and consists of 45 pages, well illustrated. In this section the student is introduced to the apparatus he will use and the operations he will perform. Section 3 is The System of Analysis, comprising 226 pages. Sampling procedures are discussed. The scheme itself separates the elements considered into the Basic, Amphoteric, and Acidic Element Groups. The procedures used to estimate amounts of elements present vary from simple colorimetry for vansdium (peroxyvansdate) to a. dropwise titration in the case of calcium. (CaC204precipitate is dissolved in sulfuric acid and titrated by dropper with KMnO&). The amphoteric element group is subdivided by means of an acid-H2S separation. In and SnS. addition PbS, CuS, A&, are sepsrbted with NaHS NaOH. In other words sulfide chemistry is by no means absent from the scheme. Section 4 contains 36 pages of Questions and Problems. There are the usual appendices necessary in a qualitative text. In addition, theindex is excellent. A good teachers' manual is available I t includes schedules far both quarter and semester courses; suggested un-
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a firm ev&ation
of a new text without
in Thk Issue
E. H. Swift and William P . SdLaejw, Qualitative Elemental Analysis M. Clyde Dau, Jr., and Joel Selhin, Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry Ray Q. B~ezusterand William B. McEuren, Organic Chemistry Arthur M . James, Practical Physical Chemistry J . Rose, Dynamic Physical Chemistry: A Textbook of Thermodynamics, Equilibria, and Kinetics Andrevl Streitwieser. JF..Molecular Orbital Theory for Organic Chemists P . A. Onglev, ~ u t o r i a~l u e s t i a n in s Organic Chemistry I . M . Kolthoff, Philip J . Elving, and E m s t B. Sandell, editors, Treatise on Analytical Chemistry. Part 2, Analytical Chemistry of the Elements. Volume 7 Paul Delahay, editor, Advances in Electroohemistry and Electrochemical Engineering. Volume 1 , Electrochemistry Saul Dushman, Scientific Foundations of Vacuum Technique R. Caillat and J . Elston, editors, under the direction of Paul Pascal, Nouveau Trait6 de Chimie MinBrale. Volume 15, Uranium et Transuraniens. Part 2, Combinaisons de I'Uranium D. K . C . MacDonald, Near Zero: The Physics of Low Temperature Maz Kleihw, The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics Heinrieh Zollinger, translated by Harry E. Nursten, Aeo and Diazo Chemistry H. A . Skinner, editor, ExperimentalThemochemistry Sidnq Udmf~iend, Fluorescence Assay in Biology and Medicine M . M. Wooljson, Direct Methodsin Crystallography
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Journal o f Chemical Education
S. Y. TPREE,JR. University of Nwth C a d i n a Chapel Hill
Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry M . Clyde Day, Jr., and Joel Selbin, both of Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge. Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, 1962. xiv 413 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $12.
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As a result of the tremendous strides whirh haw hcrn n l a h in n w n t yews in thr nppliv!ticm of tl~roretir~l rnethwla to rllr r;rutlv of *yst,.ms which are of int.wsr to the inorganic chemist, the emphasis in advanced courses has tended to shift away from purely descriptive material. Senior and first year graduate courses in inorganic chemistry now serve more and more as an introduction to structure, wave mechanics, and chemical bonding; and i t has become increasingly difficult to find a single suitable text for them. Professors Day and Selbin comment in the preface that "it is our personal feeling that i t is not possible to adequately treat the theoretical side with only a portion of an inorganic chemistry textbook," and they have written a. very useful book which is mainly an introduction to the application of the methods of quantum mechanics and classical physical chemistry to inorganic systems. Since this book is, in many nays,unique among advanced inorganic texts, a thorough examination of the contents would seem to beuseful. Chapter 1, Origin of the Quantum Theory, contains a brief survey of material often treated in the undergraduate physical chemistry course. Chapter 2, Wave Mechanics, serves as an introduction to the uncertainty principle, the wave nature of matter, and includes a "derivation" or justification oi the Schr& dinger equation. The cases of the psrticle in ane- and three-dimensional boxes are then treated, and the remainder of the ohanter is devoted to s, discussion of the hydrogen atom. The effectiveness of this particular portion of the book is reduced by the occurrence of several minor errors. Figure 2 4 , the diagram for the transformation of coordinates is not appropriate to the set of snuations eiven above it. The variable p'in the normalized hydrogenlike wave functions in Table 2-5 is not the p defined on p. 54 and which appears in the normalized radial wave functions in Table 2-4. The radial wave and distribution functions in Figures 2 7 and 2-8 are not accurately drawn, and typographical errors occur in the values farm, in Table 2-2 and in 'PC. at the bottom of p. 62. Chapters 3 and 4, The Periodic Table and Periodic Properties, are for the most part non-mathematical. The former provides m interesting historical discussion, while the latter treats ionic and covalent radii, ionization potentials, electron affinities, electronegativity, and oxidation states.
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Chapter 5, Chemical Bonding, intmduces electrostatic theory, the variation method, and molecular orbitals. Valence bond calculations for the hydrogen molecule are described, and finally the hyhridization of s and p orbitals is considered. Unfortunately this is not extended to include a similar treatment for d orbitals. Chapter 6, Inorganic Stereochemistry, presents a very interesting examination of electron correlation and a discussion of the stereochemistry of molecules in terms oi electron repulsions. Chapters 7 and 8, Electromotive Force and Acids and Bases, treat these subjects in an adequate manner. Chapter 9, CoArdination Chemistry, constitutes an excellent introduction to recent developments in transition metal chemistry and includes a comparison of the crystal field, ligand field, and valence bond theories. Magnetoehemistry, stability, and spectra are treated in more detail than is usual. Chapter 10, Nonaqueous Solvents, is closely related to chapter 8, and the topics such as solubility and acid strength are treated quantitatively. The final chapter, Theory of the Nucleus, is an introduction to nuclear structure and radioactive decay. Many excellent illustrations and tzbles are to be found throughout, and each chapter is followed by a set of references to the recent literature. Although free use is made of mathematics, derivations me carried out in detail; and only a knowledge of basic calculus is required. I t does seem regrettable that no problems or exercises are provided. For a year's course, most teachers will want to supplement this text with a good book covering the descriptive chemistry of the elements. This book nil1 not replace any of the standard works in quantum chemistry. I t can be recommended as providing a very interesting and timely introduction to bonding and structure. It should serve to stimnlat,e the mathematicallv inclined stu-
R. STUARTTOBIAS
University of Minnesota, Alinneapolis
Orgqnic Chemistry
Ilay Q. Brewster and William B. IllcEwen, hoth of the University of Kansas, Lawrence. 3rd ed. Prentice-Hall. I . Englewood Cliffs, New ~ e r s e y ; 1961. x 854 pp. Figs. and tables. 10 X 23.5 cm. $10. ~
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This undergraduate textbook has not been written along t h e conventional lines of organization hut rather is a combin* tion in which the aliphatic and aromatic compounds are kept separate and in which react,ion mechanism considerations are
in the text. Thus, conformations appear in Chapter 2, which considers alkanes. The same chapter presents the chlorination of methane as n free radical reaction, including initiation stage, propagation
steps and possible termination reactions. Ionic reaction mechanisms are introduced in Chapter 3 in connection with the synthesis of olefins and the mechanics of ozonolysis and t h e addition of halogens t o double bonds. Thus, as the material is presented, i t is possible for the lecturer to speak in a more sophisticated manner shout mechanism as well as about syntheses. It hecomee unnecessary to srwe the discussion of reaction mechanisms and conformational asnalysis as a surprise in a later part of the year. After a short introductory chapter, Part 1 considers aliphatic compounds in chapters 2 through 22. Chapter 18 is a special chapter on eiptrans isomerism and unsaturated acids. Chapter 19 emphs, siaes optical isomerism along with halogenated, hydroxy, aldehydic and ketonic acids. Tautomerism and base-catalyzed condensations are considered specifically in Chapter 20. I n Chapters 21 and 22, amino acids, proteins, and carbohydrates are taken up. Part 2 concerns aromatic can~pounds. Among ttromatic hydrocarbons, which are first discussed, are nonclassical aromatic compounds, such as tropolone, aaulene, the tropylium cation, the cyclopentsdienide anion, and ferrocene-all explained on the basis of Hiickel's rule. The usual types of aromatic oompounds are each treated in a chapter. A numher of miscellaneous topics are dealt with in chapters on alicylic compounds and terpenes, heterocyclic compounds and alkaloids, organometallic compounds, and polymers. The chapters on organometallic compounds and polymers draw on hoth aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Problems are provided in two general categories for each chapter. The first is made up of drill questions for which answers will be found in the text: the second
text. Among the second class are many problems which require quantitative reasoning from numerical data, which this reviewer considers quite appropriate and necessary t o the general treatment of orgmic chemistry. Among the special topics which are considered in the later chapters in the text are the atactic, isotactic, polymers based on t h e Newman stereochemical formulations of trans and skew conformations; treatment of orgmometallic compounds of zinc, cadmium, mercury, germanium, tin and lead, silicon and iron and msngnnese, as well as the more commonly discussed derivatives of magnesium and the alkali metals; the position of substitution in heterocyclic rings based on transition state structures rather on ground state structures; and conformational effects on t h e reactions of cyclic compaunds. This hook is designed to suit t h e instructor who wants a modern first-year text which is of sufficient scope so as to allow some selection of topics, and for those who feel they would prefer to treat aliphatic and aromatic chemistry as two separate lines of development.
Practical Physical Chemistry
Arthur M. James, Chelsea College of Science and Technology, England. J. and A. Churchill, Ltd., London, 1961. xiv 339 pp. Figs. and tables. 16 X 24 cm. $6.30 net from publisher.
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This is a laboratory manual of physical chemistry compiled to meet the needs of elementary as well as more advanced courses in several types of degree-granting institutions in Great Britaiin. As a result i t includes many experiments which currently, in the United States, would be included in volumetric analysis or elementary instrumental mdysis rather than in physical chemistry. With the present trend toward offering physical chemistry earlier in the curriculum, teachers of such courses will find many of these more simple experiments highly desirable. The hook contains introductory chapters on Errors and the Mathematical Treatment of Results, including a brief section on report writing with a model report; Instruments for Measurement of Mass, Volume, Length, Time, and Temperature, with empha~ison the use of the balance; Electrical Instruments; and Optical Instruments. This material takes hut 87 pages and is limited to concise descriptions of typical instruments with hrief theory and methods for their use. The chapter on optical instruments is somewhat more detailed than the others. While this material is excellent for laying a general foundation, the average student will find more specific directions, or personal instruction, necessary. The 162 experiments which follow are logically arranged in 11 chapters covering the entire range of physical chemistry with the exception of nuclear chemistry. The variety of experiments is greater than that in any single manual published in the United States. Nearly all of the rustomary determinations are represented. I n many cases, several experiments of increasing difficulty are offered under one heading. The directions for each experiment include a. statement of theory with equations, "requirements" in terms of apparatus often with a line drawing, a very hrief outline of procedure without details of specific techniques, and a, statement of the calculations or graphs required. The writing is simple, direct, and rarely uses terms unfamiliar in this country. While most of the experiments might be described as routine, several are ingenious and deserve special mention. Experiment 5.6 is the determination of surface tension by an unusual double capillary method and involves a test o i the constancy of the Parachor. Experiment 5.9 determines the interfacial tension of benzene and water and serves to test Antonoff's rule. Experiment 6.4 involves an interesting apparatus for studying the rate of effusion of COz,but the directions are so brief as to leave some questions as to the exact procedure. Experiment 11.17 on the thermal decomposition of ammonia. on a tungsten filsment is unique and most interesting, as are several on adsorption and colloidal properties. Some very goad
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