REPORT FOR ANALYSTS
CLASSIFICATION
OF A N A L Y T I C A L
Quantitative analysis
Sample preparation Sampling Drilling, filing, chipping, etc. Reduction of particle size Crushing Grinding Sieving Mixing Reduction o f s a m p l e size
Qualitative analysis Preliminary operations Physical operations Dissolution Fusion Separation Filtration Adsorption (physical adsorption) Adsorption chromatography Extraction Simple extraction Continuous extraction Partition chromatography Leaching Distillation Sublimation Dialysis Electrophoresis Flotation Magnetic separation Chemical operations Dissolution Fusion Acidification Alkalization Neutralization Oxidation Wet oxidation Combustion Reduction Complexation Degradation by electron (in mass spectrometry) Separation Precipitation Chemical reagent Electrodeposition Adsorption (Chemisorption) Gas fractionation Chromatography Adsorption chromatography Ion exchange chromatography Gas evolution Gas absorption Operations of identification
bombardment
Physical operations of measurement or observation Mechanical Density, specific gravity Electrical Impedance Photoelectron spectrometry Thermal Melting point, freezing point Boiling point Optical Refractive index (refractometry) Emission spectrum (emission spectrometry) Arc and spark spectrometry Flame spectrometry Fluorescence spectrometry Absorption spectrum (absorption spectrometry) Diffraction measurements X-ray diffraction Electron diffraction Chemical operations of measurement or observation Simple chemical observations Formation of characteristic precipitate Formation of characteristic solution Formation of characteristic gas Electrochemical measurements Gaseous ion discharge (mass spectrometry) Half-wave potential (qualitative polarography) Biological operations of observation
Odor Color
METHODS
Preliminary operations (as in qualitative analysis) Operations of measurement Physical measurements (Do not require chemical alteration of the treated sample as an integral part of the measurement) Mechanical measurements Mass (gravimetric methods) Volume (volumetric methods) Gas analysis Evolution methods Entrainment methods Density, specific gravity (densitometry) Pressure (ma η ο metric methods) Viscosity (viscometry) Electrical measurements Photoelectron spectrometry Thermal measurements Temperature of phase change Boiling point (of mixture) Melting point, freezing point (of mixture) Critical solution temperature Thermal conductance Optical measurements Photometric methods Transmitted radiation measured Absorptiometry Visual matching Instrumental measurement X-ray absorption Ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry Light absorption (visible range) Colorimetry Spectrophotometry Infrared absorption Microwave absorption Turbidimetry Scattered radiation measured Nephelometry Raman spectrometry Emitted radiation measured Arc and spark spectrophotometry Flame spectrophotometry Fluorescence spectrophotometry Diffracted radiation measured X-ray diffraction Electron diffraction Measurement based on radiation velocity Refractometry Interferometry Rotation of polarized radiation measured (polarimetry) C h e m i c a l measurements (require a t l e a s t a small amount o f chemical reaction as an integral p a r t o f the measurement) O x i d a t i o n potential m e a s u r e d — e . g . , pH measurement Electrochemical current measured Gaseous ions discharged (mass spectrometry) Ions in solution discharged Unpolarized current (conductance methods) Polarized current (quantitative polarography) Reaction rate measured (kinetic methods) Reaction capacity measured (titrimetry) Volume of reagent measured (volumetric titrimetry) Stoichiometric point determined visually Self-indicator Added indicator External indicator Stoichiometric point determined photometrically Stoichiometric point determined electrochemically Conductometric Potentiometric Amperometric High frequency Mass of reagent measured (gravimetric titrimetry) Subdivisions as above Charge of reagent measured (coulometnc titrimetry) Heat of reaction measured (colorimetric methods) Biological methods Growth measurements Microbiological Population methods Growth product determinations Macrobiological Killing power Microbiological (bactericidal methods, Macrobiological
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