THIOPHENE
OFFERS
HIGH POTENTIAL
If you are interested in developing and producing plastics, there are a number of reasons you should have a strong working acquaintance with thiophene. For example, vinylthiophene, which can be produced by the reduction and subsequent dehydration of 2-acetylthiophene, is similar to styrène in many ways, yet offers characteristics of its own. It polymerizes at room temperature in the presence of benzoylperoxide. Thiophene-silicone polymers have evoked substantial interest, including several patents. Various other polymers of thiophene are useful as v i n y l plasticizers.
FOR
PLASTICS
Considerable study has also been devoted to condensation products of thiophene and formaldehyde. This condensation can be carried out under mildly acidic conditions, yielding heat reversible and irreversible resins. Thiophene and phenol can be co-condensed with formaldehyde, using basic catalyst, to yield thermosetting resins with interesting features. Other examples worth citing are the copolymers of thiophene and maleic anhydride, which react to form polycarboxylic acids with potential uses for polyesters, resins, plasticizers and additives.
acids silicones * M u s PLASTICS formaldehyde . . and phenol ι · u .1 .. POLYMERS maleic anhydride ammonium halides
PENNSALT ALKYL ALKANOL AMINES If you are economy-minded (and what CPI man isn't?), you will find it worthwhile to take a periodic fresh look at the alkyl alkanol amines. Chemically ambidextrous, they give you in a single compound the means of introducing both amino nitrogen and alkanol radicals.
AND
Another promising path is opened by aminomethylation, which can be accomplished with thiophene, ammonium halides and formaldehyde to yield mono-, di- or tri-2-thenylamines or the dimer of 2-thenylformaldimine, depending on conditions. This reaction is modified, and in some cases catalyzed, by the use of sulfurous, acetic or phosphoric acid. Lower alkylamines react to a lesser extent and yield bis (thienyl) methanes. High molecular weight amines and polymers can also be formed by this reaction. Many of these polymers have uses as water repellents for papers and textiles. The commercial availability of thiophene from Pennsalt on a continuing, dependable and economically attractive basis enables you to investigate new applications with confidence. Pennsalt's high-production facilities assure you ample supply for production requirements. (Thiophene is actually one of many Pennsalt organosulfurs—a class of compound in which we have long held a primary position.) Our thiophene bulletin will provide you with a wealth of additional information, as well as references for investigation. Write for Bulletin S-187.
OFFER PROCESS
one, and to provide evaluation samples and engineering aid on handling and storage. Our experience in developing and producing amines and their derivatives dates back to the 1920,s—and Pennsalt was the first company to make avail-
POLYMERS
ECONOMIES
able multi-million pound per year capacity for alkyl alkanol amines. Write us about your present or projected applications, or, for a handy condensed listing of Pennsalt alkyl alkanol amines, ask for Bulletin S-161.
This faculty makes Pennsalt alkyl alkanol amines popular with manufacturers of a wide variety of products containing organic nitrogen with alkoxy groups—pharmaceuticals, surfactants, wax and plastic polishes, agricultural chemicals, ion exchange resins and others—and to those seeking unusually effective resin catalysts, wetting agents and corrosion inhibitors. The wide range of these useful compounds available from Pennsalt enables you to get the one that gives highest process efficiency and economy in each application. We'll be glad to help you determine the right
Pennsalt units producing amines and amine derivatives are among the most modern in the world, provide high capacity and production flexibility to meet unusual quantity demands.
PENNSALT DEVELOPMENT CHEMICALS
METHANE SULFONIC ACID 70% CH 3 S0 3 H
AMYL ALCOHOLS PINPOINTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS An unusual and sometimes confusing aspect of amyl alcohol is that its commercially useful and economical forms are not always its pure isomers. C5H11OH occurs in eight isomeric forms, not including optical isomers. Three of these are pentanols, four are substituted butanols, and one is a substituted propanol.
additives, esters, mining chemicals (xanthates), synthetic lubricants and other products. For specialized organic syntheses, you might consider our Branched Chain Primary Alcohols 52, Secondary Amyl Alcohols, or n-Amyl Alcohol 51. The latter is also useful as a selective extractant.
Most Pennsalt amyl alcohols are tailored to combine process efficiency and economy in specific applications. For example, Pennsalt Pentasol® 26 is a general purpose esterification grade consisting mainly of primary and secondary isomers, with a very low tertiary alcohol content. It is an excellent choice as an inexpensive intermediate for esters and vinyl plasticizers.
For the mining industry, we produce Pentasol Frother 124, a special blend that is both a frother for non-ferrous ores and a solvent.
Pentasol 27—an amyl isomer mixture containing primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols—is a popular latent solvent for lacquers in the production of surface coatings, and has also found application as a solvent for pharmaceuticals. Our Primary Amyl Alcohols 38 consists of at least 96% primary alcohol, and is a good wide-range intermediate . . . for plasticizers, fuel
Pennsalt n-Amyl Alcohol 51 is the isomer known officially as 1-pentanol. It is popular as an intermediate for pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds, and is also useful as a selective extractant. Pennsalt Tertiary Amyl Alcohol is another way of saying 2-methyl-2-butanol. This isomer has found wide use as a solvent as well as for organic synthesis. This variety makes it possible for you to get a precise balance between cost and utility in your application. Pennsalt Bulletin S-133B will get you started with more detailed descriptions of these amyl alcohols. Write for your copy.
Industrial Chemicals Division PENNSALT
CHEMICALS
Improved Product Has Light Color, Low H 2 S0 4 Content This new grade of Methane Sulfonic Acid offers significant advantages over the previously available grade in color and sulfuric acid content, and should be of particular interest as a catalyst for alkylations and the manufacture of light-colored esters. Recent lot analysis: Titer (as MSA) H2SO4 content Chloride content Balance Color (APHA) Sp. Gr. @ 20/20°C
70.4% 0.0% 0.0% H2O 175 1.357
• Pennsalt also offers Methane Sulfonyl Chloride (CH3SO2CI), a compound possessing interesting chemical properties, useful for making sulfonamides, sulfones, esters and other intermediates for producing pharmaceuticals, textile chemicals, agricultural chemicals, dyes and pigments and other new products. This compound is available from pilot p l a n t p r o d u c t i o n , a n d o f f e r s an extremely attractive price potential. Literature and samples on request.
CORPORATION
Three Penn Center · Philadelphia 2, Pa.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT PENNSALT CHEMICALS CORPORATION THREE PENN CENTER, PHILA., PA. 19102
