TITLES FOR A CHEMICAL LABEL BOOK This list is that referred to a t the top of page 2443 of the December, 1931, J . C~EM. EDUC. It is recommended by the Committee on Labels of the Division of Chemical Education for use in introductory courses in general, inorganic, organic, and analytical chemistry in high schools and colleges. The following rules guided the committee in its choice of label titles: 1. The formulas of hydrates shall be indicated by writing HzO in parenthew using a subscript indicating the number of molecules of water if more than one. No other mark of any kind is t o be used t o separate HnO from the rest of the formula.
The names of all acid salts shall include the word "hydrogen" and a prefix indicating the number of atoms of hydrogen if the negative radical has a valence of 3 or more. For example-NaHCOz should be called sodium hydrogen carbonate; while NaHsPO, should he sodium dihydrogen phosphate. 3. The endings ic and ous shall generally he used in naming metals with variable valence with the exception of the members of the nitrogen family. 4. The terms "peroxide" and "dioxide" shall distinguish sharply between oxides related t o hydrogen peroxide and those that are not. 5. Alcohols shall have names ending in ol, such as methanol. 6 . Names of compounds containing two or more metals such as the alums shall he Listed under that metal coming first in the alphabet. 7. "Di"shall be used in preference t o "bi", c. g., sodium dichromate, lead dioxide. 8. It was thought best not t o give synonyms for the chemical names as chemists differed a great deal in what they thought was the desirable synonym. * means that an additional label is to be printed, omitting the water of hydration. This label is for the solution of the salt. The number in parentheses after a formula indicates the number of copies of that particular label. There need be but one copy each of all others. JOHN M. MICHENER. Chairman Wichita High School East, Wichita, Kansas
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Acetanilide CsHsNHCOCHs Acetic acid H C ~ H ~ O I CHsCOnH Acetic acid, glacial HGH309 CHsC02H Acetic anhydride (CHrCO)?O Acetone CH8COCHs Acetyl chloride CHsCOCl Albumin, egg Alizarin C ~ H I ( C O ) ? C ~ H ~ O H ) ~ "Aluminon" Aluminum Al (4) *Aluminum acetate, basic A1(CaHaO~)aOH(H~O), *Aluminum chloride A1Cla(Hz0)~ Aluminum chloride, anhyd. AlCla *Aluminum nitrate A1(NOa)r(HaO)g *Aluminum potassium sulfate AL~(SO~)~.K~SOI(H~O)*~ Aluminum sodium sulfate AIs(SO~S.N~ESO,(H~O)~+ Aluminum sodium sulfate AI2(SO4)~.Na?SO~ (2)
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*Aluminum sulfate A1z(S04)r(H10)ls Ammonium acetate N H I C I H ~ O ~(2) Ammonium carbonate (NH4)zCOa (2) Ammonium chloride N H E l (2) Ammonium dichromate ( N H ~ ) ~ C I *(2) O~ Ammonium hydroxide NHIOH (10) Ammonium molybdate (NH4)%Mo04 and HNOs Ammonium monohydrogen phosphate (NHJrHPO* (2) Ammonium nitrate NH;NOa (2) *Ammonium oxalate (NHI)L!,O~(H%O) Ammonium polysuEde (NHI)& Ammonium sulfate (NH&SO< (2) Ammonium sulfide ( N H M Ammonium thioeyanate N H C N S (2) Amy1 alcohol, tech. CsHllOH Amylene CsHla Aniline CpHrNHa Anthracene CeHn(CH)nGH, Antimony Sb Antimony trichloride SbCIa Antimony trioxide ShlOa 344
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CHEMICALS Fl3R A LABEL BOOK
'Antimonyl potassium tartrate [(SbO)KCIH'O.l~(H~O) Arsenic As Arsenic trichloride AsC4 Arsenic trioxide Ah01 Asbestos *Barium chloride B ~ C I S ( H ~ O ) ~ 'Bsrium hydroxide Ba(OH)2(H10)s Barium nitrate Ba(NO& (2) Barium peroxide B a a Bariumsulfate Bas01 Benedict solution Benzene CaH6 Benzoic acid CoH6COpH Bismuth Bi Bismuth chloride BiClr 'Bismuth nitrate Bi(NOa)a(HzO)s Bleaching powder Boric acid HIBO, (2) Bromine Brz Bromine in carbon tetrachloride Br, in CCI, Bromine water B ~inP HIO Cadmium Cd "Cadmium chloride CdC12(H20)2 *Cadmium nitrate Cd(NOs)l(HnO)4 *Cadmium sulfate (CdSOl)a(HzO)a Calcium Ca Calcium carbide CaCl Calcium carbonate CaCOs (4) *Calcium chloride CaC1,(HIO)s Calcium chloride, anhyd. CaC12 Calcium fluoride CaF* *Calcium hydrogen phosphate CaHdpo+)~(HaO) Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)% (2) 'Calcium nitrate Ca(NOl)a(HeO)d Calcium oxide CaO Calcium phosphate Caa(P01)~ Calcium sulfate (gypsum) CaSOdHzO)2 Calcium sulfate (plaster Of Paris) (CaS03dHzO) Carbon. decolorizing C Carbon disuhide CSa Carbon tetrachloride CCG C h m a l , animal C and Cas(PO4)a Charcoal, woad (4) Chlorine water Clr in H 2 0 Chloroacetic acid CHnCICOlH Chloroform CHClr
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*Chromic chloride CrCI8(H2O). *Chromic nitrate Cr(NOs)a(HzO)o Chromic oxide Crn0a *Chromic potassium sulfate Cr,(~o,)a14so,o,(S04)rKSO4(H20)24 Chromic sulfate Crr(SOJr Chromic trioxide CrOa *Citric acid (C02HCHz)2C(OH)C02H(H~O) Cleaning solution (10) Cloth, cotton (3) Cloth, wool Coal, anthracite Coal, bituminous Cobalt Co *Cobalt chloride CoCl2(H2Oh *Cobalt nitrate C ~ ( N O ; ) ~ ( H ~ O ) O Cochineal Collodion Congo Red Copper c u (4) *Cuprie acetate Cn(CnH30a)n(HnO) Cupric bromide CuBr2 Cnpric carbonate, basic CuCOCu(0H)x *Cupric chloride CuClr(HnO)~ 'Cupric nitrate CU(NOJ)Z(H~O)~ Cupricpxide CuO (4) *Cupric sulfate CUSO,(H~O)~ Cuprous chlofide CuCl Dextrin (CsHloOs), Dextrose (glucose) CsH,%Os (2) Dimethylglyoxime (CHJzCz(NOH)2 Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) GHaOH aq. Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), absolute GHbOH Ethanol (ethyl alcohol), denatured GHsOH Ethyl acetate CHzCO~CIHs Ethyl bromide CH6Br Ethyl ether (GHs)rO Fehling solution "A" Fehling solution "B" Ferric ammonium citrate 'Ferric ammonium sulfate
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F~~(SO,)V~(NH,),SO,(HBO)S~ *Ferric chloride FeC4(HeO)~ *Ferric nitrate Fe(NOs)J(HzO)s Ferric oxide Fer01 *Ferrous ammonium sulfate FeSO,.(NHS&Ob(H~O)s *Ferrous chloride FeCI*(HnO),
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JOURNAL OF CHEM[ICAL EDUCATION
*Ferrous sulfate F~SOI(HXO)Y Ferrous sulfide FeS Formaldehyde HCHO l'ormic acid HCO%H Iruchsin Gasoline Gelatin Glass Wool Glycerol CaH6(OH)3 Graphite C Hydriodic acid HI Hydrobromic acid HBr Hydrochloric acid, conc. HC1 (5) Hydrochloric acid, dil. HCI (5) Hydrogen peroxide, 3% HIOS Hvdraxvlamine hvdrochloride . . NHIOH.HCI Indigo CsH4CONHC:CCONHCsHd Iodine 4 (2) Iodine in KI solution 4 and K I Iodoform CHI* Iron Fe (5) Iron disulfide (pyrite) FeSz Kaolin Kerosene ' Lard Lead Ph (4) 'Lead acetate Pb(CsHa02)x(H~O)a Lead carbonate, basic (PbCOa)sPb(OH)s Lead dioxide PbOn Lead monoxide (litharge) PbO Lead nitrate Pb(NOl)~ Lead tetroxide (minium) PbaO, Lithium chloride LiCl (2) *Lithium nitrate LiNOs(H9O)s Litmus. Blue Litmus paper, Blue Litmus, Red Litmus paper, Red Logwaod Magnesia mixture MgCl* and NHICl in NHIOH Magnesium Mg (4) 'Magnesium carbonate MgCOa(H?O)s Magnesium carbonate, basic (MgCOs),Mg(OH)~(H~O)~ *Magnesium chlaide MgCIs(H2O)s *Magnesium nitrate Mg(NOJ)~(H>O)$ Magnesium oxide MgO "Magnesium sulfate MgS0dHlO)i Magnesium sulfate, anhyd. MgSO.
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FEBRUARY, 1932
Malachite green Manganese dioxide MnOl *Manganous chloride MUCIS(H~O)~ 'Manganous nitrate M U ( N O ~ ) ~ ( H ? O ) ~ "Manganous sulfate M~SOI(H?O)~ Manganous sulfate and Phosphoric acid MnSO, and H8POn Mercuric chloride HgCL (2) *Mercuric nitrate Hg(NOa)p(HxO)? Mercuric oxide HgO 'Mercurous nitrate HgNOs(NnO) Mercury Hg Methanol (methyl alcohol) CHnOH Methyl orange Methyl violet. Methylene blue Millan solution Naphthalene CloHs Naphthol, alpha CloH,OH Naphthol, beta CloHiOH Napbthylamine, alpha GoH;NH? Nessler solution &(HgI+) Nickel Ni *Nickel chloride NiCI.(H?O)a *Nickel nitrate Ni(NOs)dH?O). *Nickel sulfate NiSO1(HaO)r Nitric acid, conc. HNOs ( 5 ) Nitric acid, dil. HNOs (5) Nitric acid, f u m i n ~ HNOs and NOn ( 5 ) ~itroso-/-naphthol, alphaC~oHs(NO)(OH) Oil, cottonseed Oil, linseed 'Oxalic acid HZGOI(H~O)~ (COZH)I(HXO)S Paraffin Perchloric acid HCIOt Phenol CIHIOH Phenolphthalein Phosphoric acid, ortho HIPO~ (5) Phosphorus, yellow P Phosphorus, red P Phosphorus pentachloridc PClr Phosphorus pentoxide PzOs Phosphorus trichloride PC18 Phthalic anhydride CaH4(CO)%0 Pinic acid HOCQHI(N0Js Potassium K Potassium bromide KBr (2) 'Potassium carbonate (KxCOs)2(H10)s Potassium carbonate, anhyd. KSCOJ Potassium chlorate KC102 (3)
VOL. 9, NO. 2
CHEMICALS FOR A LABEL BOOK
Potassium chloride KC1 (3) Potassium chromate KzCrO. (2) Potassium cyanide KCN (2) Potassium dichromate KzCr%07 (2) Pota?.sium frrricyanide K I F ~ ( C S ) (2) ~ 'I'otassium fcrrwvanidc &F~(cN)~(H~o)~ Potassium hydrogen sulfate KHSO* (3) Potassium hydrogen sulfite KHSOI (2) Potassium hydrogen tartrate KHCIH~OC (2) Potassium hydroxide KOH (10) Potassium hydroxide in alcohol KOH in GHsOH Potassium iodide K I (2) Potassium iodidc-starch K I and starch (3) Potassium nitrate KNOs (2) Potassium nitrite KN02 (2) *Potassium oxalate KnG04(H20) Potassium perchlorate KCIO, (2) Potassium permanganate KMn04 (2) 'Potassium sodium tartrate KNaC*H,Oa(HsO)r Potassium sulfate KsS04 (2) Potassium thiocyanate KCNS (2) Pyrogallol (Pyrogallic acid) CaHa(OH)r Rwrcinol CsH4(OH)~ Rose's metal Salicylic acid HOCeHL!OsH Sand SiOn Schiff reagent Silver Ag Silver nitrate AgNOt (2) Silver sulfate AgrSOl (2) Soap Soda lime NaOH and Ca(0H)g Sodium Na "Sodium acetate NaCnH80~(H10)r Sodium acetate, anhyd. NaCsH102 *Sodium ammonium hydrogen phosphate N~NH,HPOI(HZO)~ Sodium benzoate CsHsCOzNa Sodium bromide NaBr *Sodium carbonate NazCOa(H%O)to Sodium carbonate NaCO.(HzO) Sodium carbonate, anhyd. NalCOs Sodium chlorate NaClOa (3) Sodium chloride NaCl (3) Sodium chloride (rock salt) NaCl *Sodium chromate N%CrO4(HZO)ta ,
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Sodium cohaltic nitrite NarCo(N02)li Sodium cyanide NaCN (2) *Sodium dichromate Na2CrzOi(HaO); *Sodium dihydragen phosphate YaH?1204(Hn0, Sodium fluoride Ssl' Sodium format" HCOzNa Sodium hydrogen carbonate NaHCOa Sodium hydrogen sulfate NaHSO, (2) Sodium hydrogen sulfite NaHS03 (2) Sodium hydroxide NaOH (10) Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl Sodium iodide NaI (2) *Sodium monohydrogen phosphate NazHPO4(H~O),~ Sodium nitrate N ~ N O I (2) Sodium nitrite NaNOe (2) *Sodium nitroprusside N~~F~(CN)SNO(HIO)~ Sodium peroxide Na.02 'Sodium phosphate NarPOt(HgO),t Sodium silicate (water glass) Na20-(SiO2), r = 2 to 4 'Sodium sulfate NaaSOd(HzO),o Sodium sulfate, anhyd. NapSol *Sodium sulfide Na2S(H20)g Sodium, sulfite NasSOs (2) *Sodium tetraborate (borax) N~~B~O,(HP~)IO Sodium thiocyanate NaCNS (2) 'Sodium thiosulfate N%SnOa(H~O); *Stannous chloride SnCI*(H?O)r Starch (CeHmOa). (2) Steel wool Fe Strontium nitrate Sr(NOa)~(2) Succinic acid HOICCHICHICOnH Suaose C~rHarOn (2) *Sulfanilic acid NH2CsH4S08H(H~O) Sulfur, flowers, S Sulfur, roll S Sulfuric acid, canc. H2S01 (5) Sulfuric acid, dil. HSO. (5) Sulfuric acid, fuming H2S04and SOa (5) Tannic acid ClrHloOv Tartaric acid HnC4H4Oa [CH(OH)C02HIz Tin Sn (3) Tollen solution "A" Tollen solution "B" Toluene CsH8CH$ Toluidine, para CH8CsH~NH9
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Fsenu~ali,1932
'Zinc nitrate Zn(NOs)dHIO)a . Zinc bxide ZnO *Zinc sulfate ZnSOdHaO), . .~ Several small labels each of: 1 Normal 2 Normal 3 Normal 6 Normal 12 Normal 15 Normal 16 Normal 36 Normal
Turmeric Turpentine CLOHI. Urea (NH3)sCO Vaseline Wood's metal Wood splints Wool Zinc Zn (2) Zinc, c. P. Zn (2) *Zinc acetate Zn(GH~09)g(HsO)r Zinc carbonate ZnCOs Zinc chloride, anhyd. ZnCI,
Chemical study of hormones may lead to new medicines. How research on the chemistry of the hormones, important glandular products of the body, may lead to the synthesis of new medicinal products of practical utility was indicated by Prof. Treat B. Johnson of Yale University a t therecent meeting in New Haven of the National Academy of Sciences. Prof. Johnson described his own work along this line with the hormone epinephrin which is secreted by the adrenal glands. He and his associates started with epinephrin and certain chemically related compounds which occur naturally. By modifying the structure of these compounds, they were able to produce new combinations which had as much physiological potency as the original unmodified compounds and which were less poisonous. Prof. Johnson's research was undertaken in the hope of opening the way t o a better understanding of haw certain combinations of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur affect body processes. At the present t h e , pharmacologists and physicians must depend too much on the trial-and-error method of determining how such compounds will d e c t the body, Prof. Johnson pointed out. His plan is to synthesize a series of related organic structures and to make a a m varative study of their iduence on vhvsiolo~ical action. I n this m v he exDects t o . learn something of the fundamental laws cm,rdinating organic structure with phyciological activtts and to estal,li*h princidc~which may guide the chrmist in his study of t h e new synthetic drugs and enable him t o predict which ones will have a favorable effect an body processes.-Science Smke Stone age men made tools of crystal. Rock crystal, now used as a semi-precious stone, took the place of high-grade steel with the men of the Old Stone Age. They did not make many of their tools and weapons of it, but they apparently valued i t and used it when they could. At the recent meetins of the National Academy of Seiences in New Haven. Praf. George Grant MacCurdy of the Peabody Museum, Yale University, told of seven rockcrystal tools all found a t the same level in one cave in France by the emedition of the ~ k e r i c a nSchool of hehistoric Research. The tools were of the type known as Mousterian, used by Neanderthal man a t one stage of his development. The rock-crystal tools found by Prof. MacCurdy's asroriates are among the oldr.1 of thcir kind, for Nenndtrthal man was the ualiest race to makc implcmcnts from this material. Though there are older Stone Age tools in plenty, their makers, whoever they were, were not masters of the art of working the hard and obdurate rock crystsl. and contented themselves with flint and other "plain" stones.-S~+wccc Sm'ce ~
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