Tolong Siki Kũṛux Katthpu:n. तोलोङ सिकि कुँड़ुख़ कत्थपून. (तोलोङ सिकि कुँड़ुख़ साहित्यमाला)

qolozX siki kuEzux kaqQpu:n

qoloX siki kuEzux kaqQpu:n

Tolong Siki KuEru S x Katthpu:n

rksyks³ flfd dqM ¡ [q+ k+ dRFkiwu ¼rksyks³ flfd dqM ¡ [q+ k+ lkfgR;ekyk½

Research & Foundation : Dr. Narayan Oraon ''Sainda''

izdk'kd % vn~nh dq¡M+q[k+ pk%yk /kqedqfM+;k iM+gk v[kM+k ¼vn~nh v[kM+k½] djeVksyh pkSd] jk¡ph] >kj[k.M] fiu & 834008 In Association with TRIBAL CULTURAL SOCIETY, JAMSHEDPUR An Ethnicity Wing of TATA STEEL FOUNDATION


qoloX siki kuEzux kaqQpu:n

Tolong Siki KuEru S x Katthpu:n

rksyks³ flfd dqM ¡ [q+ k+ dRFkiwu ¼rksyks³ flfd dqM ¡ [q+ k+ lkfgR;ekyk½ izFke laLdj.k % ekpZ 2023 izfr;k¡ % 2000 ¼nks gtkj½

Research & Foundation : Dr. Narayan Oraon ''Sainda'' Publiction © : Addi Akhra, Ranchi, Jharkhand Editorial Board :1. Dr. Narayan Oraon 2. Dr. Bindu Pahan 3. Dr. Narayan Bhagat 4 Dr. Ramkishor Bhagat 5. Dr. (Smt.) Jyoti Toppo 6. Dr. (Smt.) Shanti Xalxo 7. Fr. Augustin Kerketta 8. Shri Saran Oraon 9. Shri Jita Oraon 10. Shri Bipta Oraon 11. Shi Mahadeo Toppo 12. Shri Kislay Jee

izdk'kd % vn~nh dq¡M+q[k+ pk%yk /kqedqfM+;k iM+gk v[kM+k ¼vn~nh v[kM+k½] djeVksyh pkSd] jk¡ph] >kj[k.M] fiu & 834008 In Association with TRIBAL CULTURAL SOCIETY, JAMSHEDPUR An Ethnicity Wing of TATA STEEL FOUNDATION 01


fo"k; lwph dze la[;k & fo"k; 1- izkDdFku 2- iqUnpdk dRFkk ¼izLrkouk½ 3- d¡qM+q[k+ Hkk"kk] nzfoM+ Hkk"kk ifjokj dh ,d izkphu Hkk"kk gS! 4567-

&

Nk= vkUnksyu ds nkSjku Nk=ksa ,oa usrkvksa ds chp ifjppkZ dh ckrsa lkdkj gqbZa fyfi] lkekftd] lkaL—frd] vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd fopkjksa vkSj ,dtqVrk dks lq–kj[k.M vyx izkra vkanksyudkfj;ksa dk leFkZu & 16- ubZ fyfi dk uke rksyks³ flfd j[ks tkus dk leFkZu vkfnoklh f'k{kkfonksa }kjk & 17- rksyks³ flfd] igyh ckj 24 flrEcj 1993 dks lekt ds lkeus iznf'kZr & 18- rksyks³ flfd ds ckjs esa igyh ckj lekpkj i= esa 07 vDVqcj 1993 dks Nik & 19- tuojh 1994 esa] m"kk baMLVªht] Hkkxyiqj ls rksyksax flfd dk izFke iqLrd izdkf'kr & 20- fyfi dk rduhdh ekudhdj.k gsrq 22 lsxesaV fMLIys flLVe dk fuekZ.k ,oa izn'kZu & & 21- TRACE laLFkk dk TRACE cqysfVu esa rksyksa³ flfd dk izpkj&izlkj 1994 esa 22- Hkk"kkfon MkWå Ýkaafll ,Ddk ls 1996 esa iVuk ¼fcgkj½ esa lk{kkRdkj ,oa lq>ko izkIr & 23- igyh iqLrd dq¡M+q[k+ rksyks³ flfd vjk cDd xko & 24- jkth iM+gk] Hkkjr dk okf"kZd lEesyu 1997 esa vlgefr ,oa vko';d lq>ko & 25- o"kZ 1997 esa xzkfQDl vkWQ rksyks³ flfd uked iqLrd dk izdk'ku & 26- o"kZ 1994 ,oa 97 esa Nih izLrkfor fyfi iqLrd ds vk/kkj ij f'k{kkfonksa dk lq>ko ,oa fu.kZ; & 27- MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk }kjk lekjksg esa fyfi izLrqfr ij vlgefr ,oa fn'kk funs'Z k & 28- 22 twu 1997 ,oa 21 tqykbZ 1997 dks rksyks³ flfd o.kZekyk dk la'kks/ku fo"k;d foe'kZ & 29- MkWå Ýkafll ,Ddk] dsåHkkåHkkålaå]eSljw dks fy[ks x;s i= ds tckc esa 27-11-1997 dks i= & 30- ubZ fyfi] lkekftd lg lkaLd`frd vk/kkj okyh ,oa rduhdh laxr gks] dh ?kks"k.kk & 31- fcgkj tutkrh; dY;k.k 'kks/k laLFkku] jkaph esa dq¡M+q[k Hkk"kk fo"k;d dk;Z'kkyk & 32- rksyks³ flfd fyfi 15 ebZ 1999 bZ0 dks tuekul ds O;ogkj ds fy, yksdkfiZr & 33- rksyks³ flfd ¼fyfi½ dk dEI;wVj otZu ^dsfy rksyks³ QkWUV* dk fodkl gsrq cSBd & 34- uoEcj 20] 2002 dks rksyksax flfd dk dEI;wVj QkW.V Kellytolong yksdkfiZr & 35- rksyks³ flfd ¼fyfi½ ds lac/a k esa Hkk"kkfonks]a f'k{kkfonksa ,oa vkanksyudkfj;ksa ds fopkj & 36- dq¡M+q[+k fyfi rksyksax flfd xgh [+kh%jh & 37- >kj[k.M vyxizkar vkanksyudkfj;ksa dh utj esa % vkUnksyu dh miyfC/k gS rksyksax flfd & 02

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38- dq¡Mq[+ +k Hkk"kk ,oa rksyksx a flfd ¼fyfi½ ds laca/k esa ljdkjh ,oa foHkkxh; vf/klwpuk 39- dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dh /ofu;k¡ ,oa mnkgj.k 40- Tribal Standard Code for Information Interchange (TSCII) & it's uses 41- dq¡Mq[+ k+ O;kdj.k dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh fo"k; ij dk;Z'kkyk ,oa mn~?kks"k.kk 42- ikjEifjd mjk¡o ¼dq¡M[+q k½+ lekt dh lkaLd`frd ,oaa vk/;kfRed fojklr 43- nsoukxjh esa d¡qMq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dh ys[ku leL;k vkSj lek/kku rFkk xf.kr ds vad 44- dq¡Mq[+ k+ fxurh dk ekudhdj.k % ifjppkZ ,oa orZeku Lo:i 45- dq¡Mq[+ k+ esa la[;k dk fodkl ds laca/k esa fo'ki MkWå fueZy feat dk lq>ko 46- vM~Mk eqYyh ¼LFkkuh; eku½ 47- dq¡Mq[+ k+ igkM+k 48- /kqedqfM+;k fxurh M.Mh 49- /kqedqfM+;k iM+gjk M.Mh 50- laLd`r] fgUnh ,oa dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk dh /ofu;k¡ 51- dqMq[+ k+ fyfi n'kZu 52-- laLd`r&fgUnh 'kCnksa dks rksyksax flfd esa fyI;Urj.k gsrq ekudhdj.k 53- rksyks³ flfd o.kZekyk dk lkfgfR;d foospuk 54- ubZ fyfi dh fodkl ;k=k dh egRoiw.kZ iz'ukoyh 55- rksyksx a flfd fodkl xkFkk vkSj mldh xokgh 56- >kj[k.M vkUnksyu dh nsu gS rksyksax flfd fyfi ! 57- vkfnoklh thou&n'kZu vkSj dqM+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh rksyksax fyfi 58- rksyks³ flfd dh fodkl ;k=k vkSj jk%th iM+gk] Hkkjr 59- rksyks³ flfd dh izfrLFkkiuk % ,d lkekftd lg lkaLd`frd /kjksgj 60- vkfnoklh Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi fodkl esa in~eJh MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk ds mRizsjd fopkj 61- jkT; ljdkj dh ekr`Hkk"kk f'k{kk ;kstuk % rc vkSj vc 62- rÿ¨³ flfd dk dEI;wVjh vorkj ^d¢fy rÿ¨³* dh mn~Òo ;k=k 63- rksyksax flfd vkSj dq¡Mq[+ k Hkk"kk dk fodkl 64- gaNiq daN|di 65- WumkuziyA pello daN|di 66- dq¡M+q[k+ rksyks³ flfd ij cuh MkWD;weVsa jh fQYe ^^ydhjsa cksyrh gSa!** dk yksdkiZ.k 67- dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk&rksyksax flfd fo"k;d] foHkkxh; ,oa jktdh; lEeku 68- dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk&rksyksx a flfd ds laj{k.k ,oa lao)Zu lac/kh fof'k"V ;ksxnku 69- VkVk LVhy Qkm.Ms'ku }kjk lEiksf"kr dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk&rksyksax flfd f'k{k.k dsUnz 70- dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk lg rksyksx a flfd ¼fyfi½ izf'k{k.k dk;Z'kkyk dh rS;kjh cSBd eqM+ek esa 71- VkVk LVhy Qkm.Ms'ku] te'ksniqj }kjk dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ izf'k{k.k 72- vkWy dq¡M[+q +k LVwMsUV ;wfu;u] vle }kjk vk;ksftr ^^rksyksax flfd dk;Z'kkyk** 73- ^/kqedqfM+;k lSUnk** ¼fllbZ] xqeyk] >kj[k.M½ lqlj laxksB

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1- izkDdFku Hkkjr ns”k esa fuokl djus okyh vkfnoklh lewg viuh fof”k’V Hkk’kk ,oa fof'k"V laLd`fr ds ek/;e ls igpkuh tkrhs gSA mudh fof”k’V Hkk’kk ,oa laLd`fr vkfnokfl;ksa ds igpku dh /kjksgj gSA bl fof'k"V /kjksgj dks vk/kkj cukdj dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kh mjk¡o vkfnoklh lewg ds yksxksa }kjk viuh fof'k"V Hkk’kk dqa+¡M+q[k+ dh fyfi dk fodkl fd;k x;k gS ftldk uke rksyksx a flfd gSA bl dq¡Mq[+ k+ ¼mjk¡o½ igpku dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, is”ks ls fpfdRld MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o us vius lg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk’kk dh fyfi ds :i esa rksyksx a flfd uked fyfi dks LFkkfir fd;s tkus esa egrh Hkwfedk fuHkk;h gS] ftlds fy, os c/kkbZ ds ik= gSaA orZeku es]a >kj[k.M ,oa i0 caxky ljdkj esa dq¡Mq[+ k+ ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk’kk ¼rksyksx a flfd ds lkFk½ jktdh; Hkk"kk ds :i esa ekU;rk iznku fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj’kn] jk¡ph }kjk o’kZ 2009 esa ,d fo|ky; ds fy, rFkk o’kZ 2016 esa lkoZtfud :i ls eSfVªd ijh{kk esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk’kk fo’k; dh ijh{kk] rksyksax flfd ls fy[kus dh vuqefr iznku dh xbZ gS vkSj dbZ fo|ky;ksa ls o"kZ 2009 ls dq¡Mq[k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh eSfVªd ijh{kk viuh Hkk"kk dh fyfi rksyksax flfd esa fy[k jgs gSaA ubZ fyfi fodkl ds bl dk;Z dks is'ks ls fpfdRld MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk o"kZ 1989 esa vkjaHk fd;k x;kA rri'pkr] MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk ,oa MkWå ¼Jherh½ bUnq /kku tSls f'k{kkfonksa us o"kZ 1999 esa lekt ds yksxksa ds O;ogkj ds fy, yksdkfiZr fd;kA bl dk;Z dks igyh ckj lekt ds lkeus 1993 esa iznf'kZr fd;k x;k] ftls igyh ckj fgUnh nSfud ^^vkt** esa [k+c+j NkikA bl dk;Z dks Hkkjr ljdkj ds ^^dsUnzh; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk laLFkku] eSlwj** ds Hkk"kkfon] izkQ s slj ,oa funs'kd MkW- Ýkafll ,Ddk }kjk 28 tqykbZ 1996 dks ekxZ n'kZu fn;k x;kA mlds ckn Hkk"kkfon MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk th }kjk 05 ebZ 1997 dks tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx ds ,d yksdkiZ.k lekjksg esa fyfi fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ lq>ko fn;k x;kA 15 uoEcj 2000 dks u;k jkT; >kj[k.M cuus ds ckn igyh ckj 2003 esa dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi ds :i esa rksyksax flfd dks ekU;rk feykA mlds ckn 2009 esa igyh ckj >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj’kn] jk¡ph }kjk o’kZ 2009 ds eSfVªd ijh{kk esa ,d Ldwy ds fy, dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk’kk fo’k; dh ijh{kk] rksyksax flfd ls fy[kus dh vuqefr iznku dh xbZ gS rFkk o’kZ 2016 esa lkoZtfud :i ls eSfVªd ijh{kk esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk’kk fo’k; dh ijh{kk] rksyksax flfd ls fy[kus dh vuqefr iznku dh xbZ gSA nwljh vksj iåcaxky esa 2018 esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk ,oa rkyksax flfd dks ekU;rk feyk gSA blh dM+h esa VkVk LVhy Qkm.Ms'ku ds }kjk xqeyk] yksgjnxk ,oa jk¡ph ftyk {ks= ds xzkeh.k bykdksa esa dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk ,oa rksyksx a flfd dh ikj[k.M ljdkj }kjk dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk dhs fyfi ds :i esa Lohd`fr Ánku fd;k tk pqdk gSA dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk&Hkkf"k;ksa us bls viuh Hkk"kk dh fyfi Lohdkj djrs gq,] iBu&ikBu dk dk;Z vkjEHk dj fn;k gSA KkrO; gS fd dkfeZd] iz'kklfud lq/kkj rFkk jktHkk"kk foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkj] jk¡ p h ds i=ka d & 8@jk0&8@2001 dk0&129 fnuka d 18-09-2003 ds ek/;e ls ßrksyks³ flfdÞ dks dq¡M[+q k ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk"kk dh fyfi ds :i esa Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS rFkk dsUnz ljdkj] dks lafo/kku dh 8oha vuqlwph esa 'kkfey fd, tkus gsrq vuq'kalk fd;k x;k gSA lkFk gh] vf/klwpuk la[;k & JAC@ xqeyk@16095@ 12&0607@16@jk¡ph] fnukad & 12-02-2016 }kjk eSfVªd ijh{kk 2016 ls dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk i= dh ijh{kk rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ esa fy[kus dh vuqefr Ánku dh xbZ gSA lkekftd Á;kl ls ljdkj rd igq¡pus esa dqN lkekftd laLFkkvksa ;Fkk dq¡M[+q +k dRFk [kksaMg+ k ywj,M+ik] ywjfMIik] Mqejh] xqeyk] vn~nh dq¡M+q[k+ pkyk /kqedqfM+;k iMgk v[kM+k]a vf[ky Hkkjrh; dq¡M+q[+k rksyks³ flfd izpkfj.kh lHkk rFkk fo’ofo|ky; ds ekuuh; f’k{kdksa dk ;ksxnku dkQh ljkguh; jgk gSA l`tu ds bl Mxj esa LoŒ MkWŒ Ýkafll ,Ddk] Lo0 MkWŒ jken;ky eq.Mk] LoŒ vkjŒ bykafx;u] Lo0 MkWŒ cgqjk ,Ddk] Lo0 MkWŒ bUnq /kku] MkWŒ çdk’k pUæ mjk¡o] izkQ s slj MkWŒ djek mjk¡o] fc’ki MkWŒ fueZy feat] QkŒ çrki VksIiks] QkŒ tsEl VksIiks] QkŒ vxqfLru dsjdsêk] QkŒ tsÝsfu;ql c[kyk mQZ MkWŒ ,rok mjk¡o] MkW- ukjk;.k Hkxr] Jh vftr euksgj [ky[kks] Jh ftrk mjk¡o] Jh fouksn dqekj Hkxr] iwoZ fo/kk;d Jh f'ko'kadj mjk¡o] iwoZ ea=h Jherh xhrkJh mjk¡o] lkaln Jh lehj mjk¡o vkfn ls egRoiw.kZ lg;ksx ÁkIr gqvkA >kj[k.M ds iwoZ fo/kku lHkk v/;{k MkW0 fnus'k mjk¡o th dk dq¡M+q[+k lekt cgqr vkHkkjh gS ftuds usr`Ro esa vkfnoklh Hkk"kk&laLd`fr ds cpko gsrq o"kZ 2016 esa bl fyfi ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr dk dk;Z iwjk fd;k x;kA bl dk;Z esa] >kj[k.M ljdkj esa lq’kksfHkr rr~dkyhu ojh; inkf/kdkjh Jherh lqfuyk clUr] vkbZ0 ,0 ,l0] Jherh e`nqyk flUgk] vkbZ0 ,0 ,l0] Jherh vjk/kuk iVuk;d] vkbZ0 ,0 ,l0] MkW0 jktho v:.k ,Ddk] vkbZ0 ,0 ,l0] Jh xkSjh’kadj feat] vkbZ0 ,0 ,l0] ,oa >k-vf/k-ifj- jk¡ph ds v/;{k] Jh vjfoUn dqekj flag] lfpo Jh iksfydkiZ frdhZ rFkk Jh eksgu pkan eqfde] milfpo Jh ;wftu feat ds lkFk tSd cksMZ ds lHkh lnL;ksa dk dq¡M+q[+k lekt vkHkkjh jgsxk] ftUgksaus vius dk;Zdky esa vkfnoklh Hkk"kk&laLd`fr ds cpko gsrq lkgfld dne mBk;k vkSj ubZ fyfi dks ekU;rk fnyk;hA fyfi fodkl ds Øe esa dEI;wVj rduhd esa [kjk mrkjus ds fy, Jh fdly; th dks c/kkbZ] ftUgksaus fyfi dk dEI;wVj otZu (kellytolong font) rS;kj dj bls fu%’kqYd] tolongsiki.com osolkbV rd igq¡pk;kA lkFk gh dsfyQkWjfu;k¡ fo’ofo|ky;] vesfjdk ds Hkk"kk foKkuh Jh va’kqeu ik.Ms; dks kj[k.M½ esa foHkkxk/;{k uotkr ,oa f'k'kq jks x foHkkx lg ukW M y vkW f Qlj],lålhå,uå;w å (Special Care Newborn Unit) dk dk;kZy;A ck;sa ls

& flLVj T;ksRluk ydM+k] MkWå feuh jkuh v[kkSjh ¼,lksfl,V izkQ s l s j½] MkWå v:.k dqekj 'kekZ ¼izkQ s l s j lg ,p-vks-Mh- uotkr ,oa f'k'kqjksx foHkkx rFkk ukWMy vkWfQlj ,l-lh-,u-;w½] ,oa MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡oA uotkr ,oa f'k'kq fo'ks"kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd ,d lkekU; cPpk vius ekrk&firk ds lkFk jgrs gq,] tc cksyuk lh[krk gS] rks loZizFke] lcls vklku ,d vk{kfjd (Monosyllablic ik] ck] ek½ 'kCn] 6osa eghus esa lh[krk gSA mlds ckn] 9osa eghus esa }h vk{kfjd ¼iik] cck] eek½ 'kCn ,oa 1ys o"kZ esa nks 'kCn okyk vFkZ lfgr lh[krk gSA izkd`frd :i ls cPpk i oxhZ; 'kCn ls gh lh[kuk vkjaHk djrk gSA og blfy, gksrk gS fd tc cPpk Lruiku djrk gS rks mlds nksuksa vksB lØh; gksrs gSa vkSj vksB ds lVus ls mRiUu /ofu] lh[kus esa cPps ds fy, vklku gks tkrh gSA ,d f'k'kq fpfdRld ds :i esa MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o us vius lkfgfR;d 'kks/k esa] ,d vkfnoklh Hkk"kk dh fyfi ¼rksyksax flfd½ ds o.kZekyk dks LFkkfir djus esa bl fl)kar dks vk/kkj cuk;k gS] tks fof'k"V ,oa vn~Hkqr gSA & MkWå v:.k dqekj 'kekZ] izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;{k] uotkr ,oa f'k'kqjksx foHkkx] fjEl] jk¡ph] fnukad % 22 twu 2018

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9- dq¡Mq[+ k+ rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ dk ewy vk/kkj gS vkfnoklh thou&n'kZu rksyksax flfd ,d o.kkZRed fyfi gSA blls] mPpkj.k ds vuqlkj fy[kk ,oa ikj[k.M ljdkj }kjk dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi dh oS/kkfud ekU;rk nsdj] fo|ky;ksa esa iBu&ikBu dk volj iznku fd;k x;k gSA dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk ,d ;ksxkRed Hkk"kk gSA cksypky esa] ;ksxkRed rjhds ls [k.M&c&[k.M mPpfjr fd;k tkrk gSA bl fyfi ds vf/kdrj o.kZ orZeku ?kM+h ds foijhr fn’kk (anti clockwise) esa O;ofLFkr gSA bl fyfi dk vk/kkj iwoZtksa }kjk lajf{kr] izd`froknh fl)kar gSA gok dk co.Mj ¼cbZj^c.Mks½] leqnz dk pØokr] vf/kdka'k yrkvksa dk pkj[k.M ljdkj gh i=kad 129 fnukad 1809-2003 rqys ^^dq¡³q[k+ dRFkk gh fyfi rksyks³ flfd ryh** cvj eburk [+k[kjdh jv+bZ njk lafo/kku gh 8oha vuqlp w h uq eaD[kk xs dsUnz ljdkj] x`g foHkkx xqlu rbZdk jv+bZA ¼9½ bfnu] >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ph xgh izl s foKfIr la[;k 17@2009 fnukad 19-02-2009 rq: vks.Vk Ldwy ¼dq¡Mq[+ +k dRFk [kksaMg+ k ywjfMIik] HkxhVksyh] Mqejh] xqeyk½ xs] mjeh rh eqan/~ k okf"kZd ek/;fed ijh{kk 2009 uq ijh{kk VwM+k xs ebZurk fprk%jkA ¼10½ >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj’kn] jk¡ph gh vf/klwpuk la0 & JAC@xqeyk@16095@12&0607@16 usM~Mk 12-02-2016 rq: okf"kZd ek/;fed ijh{kk 2016 rh ijh{kk VwMk+ xs ebZurk fprkjdh jv+bZA eburk [+k[kjdk rh ,¡M+ xksVax esPNk ywjdqfM+;k rj dq¡M[+q +k Hk[kk xgh ijh{kk rksyksx a flfd uqe fy[kpj njk eSVfjd ikl uaTtjA ¼11½ usM~Mk 29-05-2016] mYyk & ,rokj xs dq¡M[+q +k ¼mjk¡o½ dRFkk xgh ijnuk rwd rh dq¡M[+q +k ywjxfj;j rjrh rksyks³ flfd dq¡M+q[+k ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk"kk VsDLVcqd dfefV] >kj[k.M gh laxksB eaTtdh jv+bZA bZ laxksB gh cbZldh uq csM+k fljs rk mjeh dRFku xqubZu uuj dh VsDLVcqd dfefV ljktek dRFku baftjrk%jk njk uy[k pykcv+m deph gh xus okys yksx dkSu gSa vkSj mudh igpku D;k gS \ dgha] ;g lkearoknh rkdr dk vlj rks ugha \ nwljh vksj ;g rF; gS fd vkfnoklh lekt ds ikl vHkh Hkh cgqr lkjs Kku Hk.Mkj gSa] ftls iwjh nqfu;k¡ dks cryk;k ugha tk ldk gSA ftl fnu bl Kku mtkZ dks lafpr ,oa fodflr dj fodflr lekt ds le{k j[kk tk,xk] mlh fnu ;g ghu Xkzfa Fk ge lHkh ls nwj gksxhA bl m/ksMc+ qu esa vLirky esa dk;Z djrs gq, mudk /;ku nks phtksa ij iM+k & 1- Ekkyk Mh & xHkZ fujks/kd xksyh dh iphZA 2- 100 :Ik;k dk uksVA ¼blesa dbZ fyfi;ksa esa ,d gh uke dks vyx&vyx rjhds ls fy[kk gqvk FkkA bls ns[kdj mudk ân; jksekafpr gks mBk vkSj lfn;ksa ls ihkj[k.M½

**Jherh Qwyeuh mjk¡o] vius iq= q MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o dks vius firkth ds lkFk ckn&foOkn esa my>rs ns[k lkeus vk;ha vkSj cksyha & fuaXxu us[kv; rh gq¡ ,yspuk eYykA fuEcl lEHkM+vk iksYyksl] gksys ,%u laHkM+vksu ! [kksM a +gk xgh no uy[k [krjh uhu no uy[ku no dquk uukA /kjes vjk /kjeh loax fuaXxu Mgjs ,%nvks njk iM+gk lekt vjk iM+gk iap fuaxg; uy[ku eqUngkjs gksvksA njvly MkW0 ukjk;.k dh ek¡ ,d lkekftd dk;ZdrkZ Fkha vkSj jkth iM+gk] Hkkjr dh rr~dkyhu mi csy FkhaA ftlds pyrs lekt dks yksxksa ds lkFk mBus&cSBus ls mudks cy feyrk FkkA MkW0 mjk¡o crykrs gSa fd muds etnwj fdlku firkth esfMdy dkWyt s esa ,Mfe’ku ds fy, euk dj fn;s Fks] D;ksafd esfMdy dk [kphZyk ijk ch%lk&ch%lk fuaXxu ik }kjk bl laca/k esa foLr`r lekpkj Nkik x;kA

26


19- MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk fyf[kr ÁkFkfed iqLrd dq¡M+q[k+ rksyks³ flfd vjk cDd xu gksrh gSA laHko gks rks ubZ fyfi esa bl leL;k dk lek/kku kj[k.M½ 46

MkW0 csuh ,Ddk


izks0 bUnzthr mjk¡o

l; ukjk;.k mjk¡ol xgh bZ ^dRFk ,%[+k* raxvk [kksaM+gk dk csy[+kk rk gksjek vk%yj xgh mTtuk&vksDduk vjk uUuk [kksaM+gUrk vk%yj xus vksM+k&lM+h eUuk] eqU/kHkkjs dk%yj njk vksUVk vd; dksgk pEck fpvksA bUuk rk pksD[kk eaTtdk csM+k uw l; ukjk;.k mjk¡ol ys[kvk vcxe cXxs ywjxfj;j xgh pkM+ jv+bZA ,%u ijiUn ft;k rh no ?kks[knu vjk ck%[+knu dk bZl xgh vks%js ua Ttdk uy[k cjuk cs M+k xs [kksa M+ gUrk gksj ek vk%yj xgh cksyru ek%fue vks Ùkj njk fuftM+r vk vksa Xxks A & Jh bUnzthr mjk¡o] jhMj fnukad & 13 ebZ 2001 tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'3ofo|ky; jk¡phA ¼lkHkkj % rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl½

---------- rksyksax&flfd dks dq¡ M+q[+ k dRFkk dh vk/kkjHkw r fyfi ds :i esa eq>s vaxhdkj djrs gq, Fkks M+h Hkh ’kadk ugha gS tgk¡ rd viuh Hkk"kk dh lgt tkudkjh gS vkSj ftl ij eSa Loa; dks xkSjokfUor eg’kwl djrk gw¡A vki reke dqM+q[+k Hkkf"k;ksa ,oa lkfgR; izsfe;ksa ls vkxzg djuk pkgw¡xk fd vki Hkh bl ij xaHkhjrk iwoZd fpUru&euu djsa rFkk blds ek/;e ls dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLd`fr dks v{kq.k j[kus es a enn djsaA eSa bl fyfi ds l`tudrkZ ds leiZ . k] R;kx vkS j riL;kew y d iz;klks a ls vR;f/kd izHkkfor gw ¡ ] ftUgks a u s leqnk; ds O;kid fgr esa rksyks³ flfd dk l`tu dj lekt dks vrqyuh; nsu nh gSA eSa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ds eaxy Hkfo"; dh dkeuk djrk g¡wA--& MkW- cgqjk ,Ddk fnukad & 12 Qjojh 2003 dqyifr] fo-Hkk-fo-]gtkjhckx ¼>kj[k.M½ ¼lkHkkj % rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA½

MkW- v:.k mjk¡o

MkW0 cgqjk ,Ddk

lafo/kku ds vuqPnsn & 29 esa gesa viuh Hkk"kk] fyfi ,oa laLd`fr dks cuk;s j[kus dk vf/kdkj gSA lkFk gh lkfgR; vdkneh] ubZ fnYyh ds utfj;s ls ,d iw.kZ Hkk"kk ds fy, ml Hkk"kk dh Lora= fyfi ,oa O;kdj.k dk gksuk vko';d gSA vr% laoS/kkfud vf/kdkj ds nk;js esa viuh Hkk"kk] laLd`fr ,oa fyfi dks cuk;s j[kus gsrq fd;k x;k dk;Z vfr ljkg.kh; gSA ;g tkudj gesa vR;f/kd [kq’kh gks jgh gS fd vkfnoklh Hkk"kk ds fodkl gsrq >kj[k.M {ks= esa rksyksax flfd uked ,d fyfi dk fodkl gqvk gS rFkk dbZ fo|ky;ksa esa bldh is ;g tkudj vR;ar g"kZ gks jgk gS fd bl {ks= esa cqf)thfo;ksa vkSj f’k{kkfonksa dk /;ku bl vksj vk;k gSA

& MkW- ¼Jherh½ bUnq /kku MkW0 ¼Jherh½ bUnq /kku

iwoZ dqyifr] fnukad & 27 vizSy 2003 ex/k fo’ofo|ky;] cks/kx;k ¼fcgkj½ ¼lkHkkj % rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko vkSj fodklA½

viuh Hkk"kk vkSj laLd`fr fdlh tkfr fo’ks"k dh igpku gksrh gSA gekjs vkfnoklh lekt esa cgqr lh Hkk"kk,¡ cksyh tkrha gS] ij dqN Hkk"kkvksa dh fyfi vHkh rd fodflr ugha gks ik;h gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd cgqr lh Hkk"kk,¡ yqIr gksus ds dxkj ij gSaA fdlh Hkk"kk dh fyfi ml Hkk"kk ds fy, dop dh rjg gS tks mls LFkkf;Ro iznku djrk gS] mls yqIr gksus ls cpkrh gSA MkW-ukjk;.k mjk¡o ,oa muds lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk fodflr dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk dh fyfi rksyksax flfd bl fn’kk esa ,d ljkguh; dne gSA blds fy, os lHkh c/kkbZ ds ik= gSa A

& MkW- foDVj frXxk fnukad & 20 Qjojh 2011

Jh feflj mjk¡o

iwoZ dqyifr fl)w dkUgw fo-fo- nqedk ¼>kj[k.M½

MkW0 foDVj frXxk

lekt dh igpku mldh Hkk"kk ,oa la L d` fr ls gks r h gS A ftles a Hkk"kk] laLd`fr ds okgd ds :i esa gksrk gSA blfy, laLd`fr ds laj{k.k gsrq mlds okgd vFkkZr mldh Hkk"kk dks la j f{kr ,oa fodflr djuk vko’;d gSA orZeku ifjos’k esa iqj[kksa dh /kjksgj dks vxyh ihh Hkkxyiqj fo’ofo|ky;] Hkkxyiqj ¼fcgkj½A 48


^^fdlh Hkk"kk ds lEiw.kZ fodkl ds fy, mlds lkaLd`frd /kjksgj dks cpkdj j[kuk vko’;d gSA lkFk gh ml Hkk"kk dk us= xzkg~; :i ;kfu ml Hkk"kk dh fyfi dk gksuk Hkh vko’;d gSA orZeku Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds nkSj esa ;wfuolZy flLVe dks viukrs gq, ] viuh lka L d` f rd /kjks g j dks cpk;s j[kus gsr q ekr`Hkk"kk dh f’k{kk t:jh gS] fdUrq Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi ds fodkl ds {ks= esa dk;Z djus ds fy, lekt dks Lo;a vkxs vkuk iM+rk gS] ljdkj blesa enn djrh gSA dq¡ M + q[k+ rksyksax flfd esa izdkf’kr iqL rd ^dbyxk*] laL dj.k&2013 esa ukflD; Loj lwpd ,oa ukflD; O;atu lwpd nksuksa ds fy, vyx fpUg ugha gSA ys[ku esa nksuksa fLFkfr Li"V gksuh pkfg,A** & MkW- ekfgnkl HkV~Vkpk;Z] Hkk"kkfon~ izksQslj ,oa foHkkxk/;{k MkW0 ekfgnkl HkV~Vkpk;Z fnuka d % 06 tqykbZ 2016 tknoiwj ;wfuoflZVh] dksydkrk Hkk"kk vkSj laLd`fr dk vkil esa xgjk laca/k gSA laLd`fr dks cpkus ds fy, vkSj viuh vkus okyh ihfkj[k.M vyxizkar vkanksyudkfj;ksa dh utj esa % vkUnksyu dh miyfC/k gS rksyksax flfd & ekuuh; fouksn dqekj Hkxr

iwoZ ea=h ¼tSd½ rFkk >kj[k.M jkT; fuekZ.k ds vxz.kh Nk= usrk rFkk vkWy >kj[k.M LVqMsUV~l ;wfu;u ¼vktlw½ ,oa >kj[k.M vkUnksyudkjh ekspkZ ds laLFkkid x.kksa ds vxqok vius ns”k Hkkjr esa fdruk Hkh dksbZ vPNs ls vPNk ;kstuk cuk ys] fdUrq fodkl ds fy, Hkk"kk vkSj fyfi dk gksuk vko”;d lk/ku gSA D;ksafd Hkkjr ns”k esa ekuork dks lkeqnkf;d vk/kkj ij ns[kk tkrk gSA blds vk/kkj ij gh dsUnz vkSj jkT; ljdkj esa fodkl dk ctV rS;kj fd;k tkrk gSA D;ksafd Hkkjr ns”k dh vkcknh esa lkeqnkf;d igpku dk LFkku vfr egRoiw.kZ gSA bl egRo dks vkt ls 30&32 lky iwoZ geyksx ,d vkfnoklh usr`Ro drkZ ds :i esa le> pqds FksA geyksx vius ns”k dh tkfrxr] Hkk"kkxr rFkk Hkkjrh; lkekftd O;oLFkk ds fo"k; esa ckrsa le> pqds FksA ge lHkh vkfnoklh Hkk"kkvksa rFkk >kj[k.M ds vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds feVus dh fLFkfr ij dkQh fpUru vkSj fpUrk djrs FksA mu fnuksa] bl izdkj ds HksnHkko] viekfur djus okys yksxksa dk izHkwRo FkkA bl lkekftd cqjkbZ ls yM+us gsrq ,d cM+h pqukSrh Fkh] ftldks Lohdkj djus okyksa esa ls dbZ yksxksa us dq¡M+w[k Hkk"kk ds fodkl dh vksj dk;Z vkjEaHk fd;kA bl le; rd eq>esa] vkfnoklh rFkk ewyokfl;ksa ds cky&cPPkksa dks i ldus dh {kerk cu pqdh Fkh vkSj dkWyt s esa nkf[kyk ysus ds lkFk gh eq>s Nk=x.k] ,d Nk= usrk ds rkSj ij LFkkfir djuss yxs FksA Nk= thou esa vkfnoklh dkWyst Nk=kokl esa jgrs gq, esfMdy Nk= ukjk;.k mjk¡o] esjs ,d [kkl lkFkh gqvk djrs FksA esfMdks] ukjk;.k mjk¡o esa] lekt ds izfr xaHkhj yxko vkSj le> >ydrk Fkk vkSj njHkaxk esfMdy dkWyst] ygsfj;kljk; ¼fcgkj½ ls ,e-ch-ch-,l- dh fMxzh gkfly djrs&djrs viuk lkekftd yxko dks iznf'kZr djrs gq, mUgksaus o"kZ 1989 esa ,d iqLrd dk izdk”ku djk;kA ml iqLrd dk uke gS & ^^ljuk lekt vkSj mldk vfLrRoA** eSa Hkh bls iko fn;k & ^^MkWDVj] uhu bZ iqFkh uq ko] MkW0 ukjk;.k ds eu esa cSB x;k vkSj os

dq¡M+q[+k esa lkspus vkSj fy[kus yxsA 'kk;n rksyks³ flfd ¼fyfi½ ds fodkl dh uhao dk izR;sd bZV bl ?kVuk ds ckn etcwrh ls rS;kj gksus yxk FkkA vyx jkT; vkanksyu ds Øe esa geyksx vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk unh] igkM+] >juk] xqQk vkfn txgksa ij ?kqers jgs fd 'kk;n dgha ij] iwot Z ksa dh fyfi fey tk;] ijUrq geyksx lQy ugha gq,A vkf[kj] og fnu Hkh vk;k ;k fQj bZ'ojh; dìk gqbZ fd NqfV~V;ksa esa MkWå ukjk;.k mjkWao] vius jk¡ph izokl ds nkSjku vkfnoklh dkyst Nk=kokl] jk¡ph igq¡psA fopkj&foe”kZ ds ckn eSua s] MkWå ukjk;.k ls dgk & ^^vki] ,d MkWDVj gksdj ekuo lsok rks djsaxs gh] ij vkiesa] vkfnoklh Hkk"kk] laLd`fr ds izfr vVwV vkLFkk ,oa yxko ds lkFk le> gSA ;fn vki ubZ fyfi ds fodkl ds {ks= esa dk;Z dj ldrs gks] rks vkUnksyu vkSj lekt ds fy, vkidk vrqyuh; ;ksxnku gksxkA ;g] le; vkSj vkUnksyu dh ekax gSA lu~ 1989&90 ds vklikl ,slh fopkj /kkjk] ,d vko”;drk Fkh vkSj vkanksyudkfj;ksa dh vksj ls bl fn”kk esa MkWå ukjk;.k dks vkxs ckj[k.M ljdkj] jkaph }kjk tkjh o"kZ 2003 dh vf/klwpuk

52


((ii). ekuo lalk/ku fodkl foHkkx] >kj[k.M ljdkj] jkaph }kjk tkjh o"kZ 2003 dh vf/klwpuk

53


(iii). >kj[k.M ljdkj }kjk foHkkxh; i=kad 129 fnukad 18-9-2003 }kjk dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi ds :Ik esa rksyksax flfd dks Lohd`fr iznku fd;k x;k rFkk bls lafo/kku dh vkBoha vuqlwph esa ’kkfey fd;s tkus gsrq x`g ea=ky;] dsUnz ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh dks vuq’kalk i= izsf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

54


(iv). >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jkaph }kjk foKfIr la[;k 17@2009 fnukad 19-02-2009 }kjk eSfVªd esa ,d fo|ky; ds fy, dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh ijh{kk rksyksax flfd fyfi ls ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr nh xbZA

55


(v). >kj[k.M ljdkj }kjk 25 uoEcj 2011 dks vf/klwpuk tkjh dj jkT; ds 12 Hkk"kkvksa dks f}rh; jktHkk"kk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

56


57


58


(vi). >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jkaph ds vf/klwpuk la[;k la[;k & JAC@xqeyk@16095@12& 0607@16 fnukad 12-02-2016 }kjk eSfVªd esa o"kZ 2016 ls dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh ijh{kk rksyksx a flfd fyfi ls ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr nh xbZA

59


(vii). iåcaxky ljdkj] fof/k foHkkx }kjk vf/klwpuk la[;k 452L,fnukad 05 vizSy 2018 fnu o`gLifrokj dks vf/klwpuk tkjh dj dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dks 8oha jktdh; Hkk"kk ?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

60


61


(viii). >kj[k.M ljdkj] fof/k foHkkx dh vf/klwpuk ds vf/klwpuk la[;k & 1080] jk¡ph] lkseokj] 10 fnlEcj 2018 >kj[k.M dh 17 Hkk"kkvksa dks jktdh; Hkk"kk dk ntkZ iznku fd;k x;kA

62


63


(ix). jk"Vªh; f'k{kk uhfr 2020 ds vuqlkj >kj[k.M ljdkj] f'k{kk foHkkx }kjk ekr`Hkk"kk f'k{kk ds varxZr fgUnh ,oa vaxjsth ds lkFk ikap vkfnoklh Hkk"kk esa ls dq¡M[+q k+] eqaMkjh] gks] [kfM+;k] larkyh gSA

64


65


39. KURUKH PHONEMS AND EXAMPLES / dq¡M[+q k+ Hkk"kk dh /ofu;k¡ ,oa mnkgj.k ** & MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^^lSUnk*** dq¡Mq[+ k+ ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk"kk ,d izkphu Hkk"kk gSA bl izkphu Hkkjr esa] ns'k dh vktknh ls iwoZ jkseu fyfi esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk esa dbZ iqLrdsa fy[kh xbZ]a tks vkt Hkh ns'k&fons'k ds iqLrdky;ksa esa ,d vfHkys[k dh rjg gSaA dkykarj esa ns'k dh vktknh ds 3 n'kd ckn] nsoukxjh fyfi ds ek/;e ls jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph ds tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh ikj[k.M esa rFkk o"kZ 2018 ls if'pe caxky ds dbZ {ks=ksa esa iBu&ikBu dk dk;Z py jgk gSA fo'o ds fyfi fodkl ds bfrgkl esa /ofuewyd fyfi] vcrd lcls vf/kd fodflr ,oa ekud ik;h x;h gSA ;g /ofuewyd fyfi nks izdkj dh gSa & ¼1½ vk{kfjd fyfi ¼2½ of.kZd fyfiA vk{kfjd fyfi lkekU;r;k iz;ksx dh n`f"V ls Bhd gS] fdUrq Hkk"kk foKku esa tc /ofu;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k gksrk gS] rc deh Li"V irk pyrh gSA oSls fyfi fodkl dh izFke lhkj[k.M½] # 9771163804

MkWå ukjk;.k Hkxr foHkkxk/;{k] dq¡M[+q k+ Mksj.Mk dkWyst] jk¡ph ekså & 8521458677

MkWå ¼Jher½ 'kkfUr [ky[kks lgk;d izk/;kid ¼vuqå½+] dq¡M+q[k ohåchåfo'ofo|ky;] gtkjhckx ekså & 9905328984

E-mail : [email protected] Dated - 30 September 2022

lg;ksx ,oa leh{kk %&



MkWå rsr: mjk¡o lgk;d izk/;kid ¼vuqå½+] dq¡M+q[k dkfrZd mjk¡o dkWtst] xqeyk ekså & 9386745347

MkWå ¼lqJh½ y{eh mjk¡o lgk;d izk/;kid ¼vuqå½+]dq¡M+q[k Mksj.Mk dkWyst] jk¡ph ekså & 8877064526

MkWå ¼lqJh½ lhrk dqekjh ^mjk¡o* lgk;d izk/;kid ¼vuqå½+]dq¡M+q[k Mhåihå,eåfo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph ekså & 6201847769

73


40. Tribal Standard Code for Information Interchange (TSCII) Popularly known as TOLONG SIKI DISPLAY SYSTEM and IT'S USES

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75


AS PER GRAPHICS OF TOLONG SIKI DISPLAY SYSTEM (BASED ON 22 SEGMENT DISPLAY SYSTEM) TOLONG SIKI IN WRITTEN FORM i e u o a A p P b B m q Q w W n t T d D N c C j J Y k K g G

TOLONG SIKI IN SEGMENT FORM

TOLONG SIKI IN WRITTEN FORM

VOWELS (sarah) - OPMAKT - BIOKTFVM - BKOTESL - BKTESL - BKT - KTBAMV

X y r l v V s h x z Z

CONSONANTS (harah) - CDEFGH - CDEFGHMQ - NICDEFGH - NICDEFGHMQ - NICDSUGH - NRDCBAHG - NRDCBAHGVQ - BKTESUGH - BKTESUGHMQ - NICDSLHG - DCBAHGULOP - NRDCBAHGULOP - KSDCBAHGOP - KSDCBAHGVQOP - NCIRSLHG - SDCBAHGOP - SDCBAHGVQOP - TSDCBAHG - TSDCBAHGVQ - NRDCJLHG - CDSLHG - CDSLHGVQ - CDSUGH - CDSUGHMQ

-

TOLONG SIKI IN SEGMENT FORM NRDCJUGH LPQGFE BIOTESLHG KTLMQG IRDCBAMQG ORETJBAHG CDEFGHLOP KTLHGVQ DCJLHG IOPMLTF IOKPMLTF

NUMERALS BASED ON 11 SEGMENT

DISPLAY SYSTEM F G

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vad fpUg dk vk/kkj


41- ^^dq¡M[+q k+ O;kdj.k dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh^^ fo"k; ij dk;Z'kkyk ,oa mn~?kks"k.kk

fnukad 01 ebZ 2022] fnu jfookj dks vkfnoklh mjk¡o lekt lfefr] fcjlk uxj] tksu uå&6] te'ksniqj esa ^^dq¡Mq[+ k+ O;kdj.k dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh^^ fo"k; ij ,d fnolh; dk;Z'kkyk lEiUu gqvkA ;g dk;Z'kkyk] VkVk LVhy Qkm.Ms'ku] te'ksniqj ds rduhfd lg;ksx ls lapkfyr ^^dq¡M+q[k+ ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk"kk ,oa rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ f'k{k.k dk;ZØe^^ dk vxzsrj fØ;kUo;u FkkA bl dk;Z'kkyk esa vkfnoklh mjk¡o lekt lfefr] fcjlk uxj ds inèkkjh lfgr ekè;kfed fo|ky; ds Nk=x.k ,oa dkyst ds Nk= mifLFkr FksA dk;Z'kkyk dk 'kqHkkjaHk lfefr ds vè;{k Jh cqèkjke [ky[kks }kjk gqvkA^^dq¡M[+q k+ O;kdj.k dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh^^ fo"k; ij ifjppkZ ds fy, víh dq¡M+q[k+ pkyk èkqedqfM+;k iM+gk v[kMk+ ¼víh v[kM+k½] >kj[k.M] jk¡ph] laLFkk ds la;kstd M‚å ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk çLrqr fd;k x;kA bl O;k[;ku esa M‚å fcUnq igku ,oa Hkk"kk&fyfi f'k{k.k dsUæ dh f'kf{kdk lqJh xhrk dks;k ,oa lqJh Hkokuh dqtwj lg;ksxh jghaA ;g lwph o"kZ 2015 esa izdkf'kr dks'k dk la'kksf/kr :i gSA VkVk ykSg uxjh] tSls vkS|ksfxd 'kgj ds fcjlk uxj] d‚yksuh esa ,d lewg vHkh Hkh viuh Hkk"kk] laL—fr ,oa fyfi lh[kus&fl[kkus ds fy, ç;kljr gSA bl dk;Z'kkyk esa mifLFkr Nk=&Nk=kvksa us bl fo"k; dks è;ku iwoZd lquk vkSj bls vius thou esa mrkjrs gq, viuh f'k{kk rFkk çfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk esa 'kkfey fd;s tkus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA lfefr dh vksj ls Jh çdk'k dks;k ds èkU;okn Kkiu ds i'pkr dk;Z'kkyk lekIr gqvkA ^^dq¡M+q[k+ O;kdj.k dh ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCnkoyh^^ bl izdkj gS %&

¼10½ rksMu+ / qozan = Spelling,orZuh] fgTtkA ¼11½ rksM+ikc / qozpAb = Alphabets, o.kZekykA ¼12½ tksVBk / jotTA = Coined Form, compound, la;qDrA ¼13½ tksV~Bk ljg / jotTA sahas= Compound Vowel, la;qDr LojA ¼14½ tksV~Bk gjg / jotTA hahas = Compound Consonant, la;qDr O;atuA ¼15½ cDd / bakk = word, 'kCnA ¼16½ :bZg cDd / ruihbakk = Grammatical Word, in] O;kdjf.kd 'kCnA ¼17½ :M+vk cDd / ruzLAbakk = Phrase, lewg 'kCn] inca/kA

¼1½ ggl / hahas= Voice, vkSPpkjf.kd /ofuA ¼2½ [k+gl / xahas = Allophone, /ofueA ¼3½ lM+k / sazA = Sound in general, lkekU; /ofuA ¼4½ ljg / sarah = Vowel, LojA ¼5½ gjg / harah = Consonant, O;atuA ¼6½ lg³ / sahaX = Syllable, Agglutinative, 'kCn[k.M] vkSpkjf.kd bdkbZA ¼7½ l¡ofljk / saEvsirA = Nature, izd`frA l¡ols + fljk = l¡ofljk ¼l¡ols xgh fljtjuk vM~Mk] l¡ols xgh mipu vM~Mk½A ¼8½ rksM+ / qoz = Letter, o.kZA ¼9½ rksM+³ / qozaX = Syllable letter, v{kjA 77


¼18½ cdiqu / bakpun = Sentence, okD;A ¼19½ dqgkcdiqu /kuhAbakpun = Clause, Component, miokD;A *Componant of a Sentence. * dksga k = cM+k] dqgk = NksVk fgLlsnkjA ¼20½ cDdlek / bakksamA = Word Compound, leklA ¼21½ cDdik¡%rh / bakkpAE:qi = Word order, inØeA ¼22½ cDdes%y / bakkme:l = Co-ordination, vUo; ¼esy½A ¼23½ cDdnksgM+k / bakkwohzA = Repetition, iwu:fDrA ¼24½ dRFkrqjkZ / kaqQurrA = Proverb, dgkor] yksdksfDrA ¼25½ cDdrqjkZ / baiqurrA = Idioms, eqgkojkA ¼26½ cbZrjq kZ Nko / baiqurrA = Idioms & Phrase, dgkor ,oa eqgkojkA ¼27½ eqjkZ Nko / marrA CAv = Exaggerated Form, o`f)okpd :iA ¼28½ vk%y / Al = vky ft;k] ekuo] ekuo thou] ekuo tkfr] izdk'keku 'kfDrA ¼29½ vk%ys / A:le = iq:"k okpdA ¼30½ vk%yh / A:li = L=h okpdA ¼31½ vk%yks / A:lo = ekuosrj okpd] ekuo brjA ¼32½ l; / say = Mr. , Jh] Jheku] l; ¼firk] ikS:"k½A l;l = Jheku~A ¼33½ l;lh / saysi = Miss., lqJh] vfookfgr iq=h] csVh] iq=hA fljtu & l`tugkj. ¼34½ l;[k+h / sayxi = Mrs , Jherh] l; [k+bZA ¼35½ cs%ycSul/ be:lsaenas = Prince, jktdqekjA ¼36½ cs%ycSuh / be:lsaeni = Princess, jktdqekjhA ¼37½ ck;uk / bAynA = cM+k HkkbZ] vius NksVs HkkbZ dh iRuh ls nwjh cuk;s j[kus dk fjLrk ,oa NksVs HkkbZ dh iRuh dks ifr ds cM+s HkkbZ ls nwjh cuk;s j[kus dk fjLrkA vkn rax cSukykflu ck%;hA 78

¼38½ cSukyl / baenAyas = c;uk vk%yl] ifr dk cM+k HkkbZ] HkSl a jq A ¼39½ cSukyh / baenAli = c;uk vk%yh] NksVs HkkbZ dh iRuh] HkkgksA ¼40½ ik;ljh / paysari = i;k ljh] ,d izdkj dk vuq"BkuA uk%es fiaTtk xs ik;ljh [kÙkkkv+ujA ¼41½ nxM+s / wagze = DagrSe, fn'kk (i) vjxuh / aragni = East, iwjcA (ii) mVqjuh / AinqA = West, if'peA (iii) dqDdpIiks / kukkcappo = South, nf{k.kA (iv) [k+sMM ~ pIiks / xeddcappo = North, mÙkjA ¼42½ fcgmM+h / bihauzi = fcaTtqj xgh gmM+hA 'kknh djokusokys dk [kkstchu djuk vkSj nf.Mr djukA ¼43½ dksa;Nank [k+nn~ / koEyCaMwA xaww = xksn fy;k gqvk cPpkA dksa;Nk ¼ek¡ ds vkapy dh FkSyk½ + Nank ¼Nkank gqvk½A ¼44½ Myh QfM+;kv+uk / dali PaziyAHnA = csTa tk fpvk xs M¡fM+;+ kv+ukA Myh >ksduk = csaTtk eaTtdu baftjuk vjk M¡fM++;kpdu >ksdukA ¼45½ csaTtk fcmM+gh / beVjA biuzhi = fcgmM+h eaTtdk vjk Myh fdjrkpdk = fookg foPNsn ¼rykd½] divorceA fcmM+gh = fcaTtqj xgh mM+gh;krkpdkA A. fiaTtdk / piVjkA = Noun, laKkA 1- ukes fiaTtdk / nA:me piVjkA = P roper Noun, O;fDrokpd laKkA 2- tbZr fiaTtdk / jaiq piVjkA = Common / Class Noun, tkfrokpd laKkA 3- xksB fiaTtdk / goT piVjkA = Collective Noun, lewgokpd laKkA 4- ftulh fiaTtdk / jinsi piVjkA = Material Noun, nzC;okpd laKkA 5- xqulh fiaTtdk / gunsi piVjkA = Abstract Noun, Hkkookpd laKkA B. mbftfiaTtdk / uijipiVjkA = Pronoun, loZukeA


1- vk%y mbthfiaTtdk = Personal Pronoun, iq#"kokpd loZukeA 2- fFkFkk cv + m mbthf iaTtdk / Qi Q AbaHu u ij i piV j k A = Demonstrative Pronoun, funs'Z kokpd loZukeA 3- vuFkg mbthfiaTtdk / anQah uijipiVjkA = Indefinite Pronoun, vfu'p;okpd loZukeA 4- v eykjdk mbthf iaTtdk / amlA rk A uijipiVjkA = Reflexive Pronoun, vkRe&okpd loZukeA 5- esurk mbthfiaTtd / menqA uijipiVjkA = Interrogative Pronoun, iz'uokpd loZukeA 6- es%yur k mbthf iaTtdk / me :ln aqA uijipiVjkA = Relative Pronoun, laca/k okpd loZukeA 7- nIiNko mbthfiaTtdk / wappCAv uijipiVjkA = Possessive Pronoun, vf/kdkj&lac/a k okpd loZukeA 8- [k+VV~ q mbthfiaTtdk / xattu uijipiVjkA = Distributive Pronoun, foHkktd&okpd loZukeA C. vk%y / A:l = Person, iq#"kA 1- cv+m vk%y = First Person, iq#"kA ,%u & ,%eA ,%e & Jksrk ,oa vU; jfgrA 2- feuq vk%y = Second Person, iq#"kA uh%u & uh%eA uh%e & oDrk ,oa vU; jfgrA 3- ck%r*m ¼ckj*m½ vk%y = Third Person, iq#"kA rk%u & rk%eA rk%e & oDrk ,oa Jksrk jfgrA uk%e & oDrk] Jksrk ,oa vU; lfgrA D. es%n / me:w = Gender, fyax 1- vk%ys es%n / A:le me:w = Masculine Gender, iqfyax] iq:"k okpdA Ukewn & ,dk vk%ysl cjvk yxnlA vcM+k vk%ysj cjvk yxujA dqDdks cx; cjvk yxu;A ipfxl cjvk yxnlA ipxh xj cjvk yxujA ipxh cx; vksuk yxu; ¼L=h-½A 2- vk%yh es%n / A:li me:w = Feminine Gender, L=hfyax] L=h okpdA Ukewn &dqdks; cjvk yxhA

dqdks;j cjvk yxujA dqdks; cx; cjvk yxu;A iPpksj cjvk yxujA iPpks cx; cjvk yxu;A 3- vk%yks es%n / A:lo me:w = Non Human Gender, ekuosrj fyax] ekuosrj okpd fyaxA Ukewn & vk%yks cjvk yxhA vk%yks xqV~Bh cjvk yxhA vcM+n vk%yks ryhA UkksV %& dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk esa fyax fu.kZ; djrs le; fuEu rF;ksa dks Hkh /;ku nsuk pkfg,A lkekU; rkSj ij bl Hkk"kk esa fØ;k dk :Ik drkZ ds vuqlkj ifjofrZr gksrk gSA ijUrq ekuosrj tho&tUrqvksa ds fyax fu.kZ; esa fØ;k dk :Ik ,dopu rFkk cgqopu nksuksa ds lkFk ,d gh :Ik jgrk gSA tSls & cdjh vk jgh gS vkSj cdfj;k¡ vk jgh gSa dks dq¡Mq+[k+ Hkk"kk esa ^^,%M+k cjvk yxh vjk ,%M+k xqV~Bh cjvk yxh** dgk tkrk gSA blh rjg cSy vk jgk gS vkSj xk; vk jgh gS dks dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk esa ^^vM~Mks cjvk yxh vjk vks;s cjvk yxh** dgk tkrk gSA ;gk¡ ekuosrj fyax esa nksuksa opu rFkk nksuksa fyax ds lkFk ,d gh izdkj dk fØ;k :Ik iz;ksx gksrk gSA blfy, dq¡Mq[+ k+ O;kdj.k esa fyax fu.kZ; djrs le; ekuo fyax fopkj ,oa ekuosrj fyax fopkj dh rjg le>k tkuk pkfg, %& 1- vk%y N;k es%n / A:lCayA me:w = Human Gender, ekuoh; fyax] ekuo fyax fopkjA (i) es%rN;k es%n / me:qCayA me:w = Masculine Gender, iqfyax] iq:"k okpdA (ii) eqDdN;k es%n / mukkCayA me:w = Feminine Gender, L=hfyax] L=h okpdA 2- vk%yksN;k es%n / A:loCayA me:w = Non Human Gender, ekuosrj fyax] ekuosrj fyax fopkjA E. xu;k¡ / ganYA = Number, opuA 1- vksUn xu;k¡ / onw ganYA = Singular Number, ,dopuA 2- cXxs xu;k¡ / bagge ganYA = Plural Number, cgqopuA F. uurq / nanqu = Case, dkjd 1- uuqr q*m uurq / nanuquLu nanqu = Nominative Case, drkZ dkjdA vksB³k ¼Case 79


3- tksD[kk xqu[k+h / jokKA gunxi = Adjective of Quantity, ifjek.kokpd fo'ks"k.k 4- mbthfiaTtdk xqu[k+h / uijipiVjkA gunxi = Demonstrative Adjective, lkoZukfed fo'ks"k.kA H. uy³&xqu[+kh / nalaX gunxi = Adverb, fØ;k fo'ks"k.kA 1- csMk+ uy³&xqu[k+h / baezA nalaX-gunxi = Adverb of time, dkyokpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.kA 2- vM~Mk uy³&xqu[k+h / addA nalaX-gunxi = Adverb of Place, LFkkuokpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.kA 3- tksD[kk uy³&xqu[k+h / jokKA nalaX-gunxi = Adverb of Auantity,ifjek.kokpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.k 4- usr&jhr uy³&xqu[kh / neqriq nalaXgunxi = Adverb of Manner, jhfrokpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.kA I. tks D [kk u[kjuk / jokKA naKarnA = Comparison of Adjective, rqyukokpd fo'ks"k.kA 1- ewfyuk Nko / mulinA CAv = Positive Degree, ewykoLFkk] izkd`frd :iA 2- tksD[kk Nko / lokKA CAv = Comparative Degree, mÙkjkoLFkkA 3- pqUnvk Nko / cunwLA CAv = Superlative Degree, mÙkekoLFkkA J. uy³ / nalaX = Verb, fØ;k jpuk ds vk/kkj ij %& 1- ewfyuk ¼ewyh uk%es½ uy³ / mulinA nalaX = Simple / Native Verb, ewy fØ;kA 2- tksV~Bk uy³ / jotTA nalaX = Compound Verb, ;kSfxd fØ;kA ¼d½ uujdh uy³ Nko / nanarki nalaX CAv = Active Verb, Doer, fØ;k'khy fØ;kA ¼[k½ eujdh uy³ Nko / manarki nalaX CAv = Passive Verb, vdeZd fØ;k] vfØ;k'khy fØ;kA ¼x½ uurq*m uy³ Nko / nanquLu nalaX CAv = Causal Verb, izsj.kkFkZd fØ;kA

Sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & vl] v;] vj] vnA 2- eurq*m uurq / manquLu nanqu = Accusative Case, deZ dkjdA vksB³k ¼Case Sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & flu] bu] vuA 3- dEgM+ s uurq / kamhze nanqu = Instrumental Case, dj.k dkjdA vksB³k ¼case sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & rq:] rqys] rh] cys] xqusA 4- i¡Ml + juk uurq / paEzsarnA nanqu = Dative Case, lEiznku dkjdA vksB³k ¼Case sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & xs] [krjhA 5- vEcjuk uurq / ambarnA nanqu = Ablative Case, viknku dkjdA vksB³k ¼Case Sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & rhA 6- urkeqBu uurq / naqAmuTan nanqu = Genitive Case, lac/a k dkjdA vksB³k ¼case sign, foHkf Dr f pg~ u ½ & xgh] gh] ?kh A (Genitive case is not a case, but it is a case.) 7- FkEckFkkg uurq / QambAQAh nanqu = Locative Case, vf/kdj.k dkjdA vksB³k ¼Case Sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & uq] rjk] xqlu] xqlrk] rjrkA 8- laxksrk uurq / saXoqA nanqu = Sociative Case, laxfr dkjdA vksB³k ¼case sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & xus] laXxsA 9- g¡dk uurq / haEkA nanqu = Vocative Case, lacks/ku dkjdA vksB³k ¼case sign, foHkfDr fpg~u½ & vuk]vu;] vus] ,] , nsA (Vocative case is not a case, but it is a case.) ** uurq ¼uuq&uurq*m gh uyax xxs urk rqu*m½ = dkjd] Case. uuqrk ¼uuq&uurq*m eusrk½ = mns';] Subject. euqrk ¼euq&eurq*m eusrk½ = deZ] Object. vkbZu rk ¼vkbZudk eusrk½ = fo/ks;] Predicate. G. xqu[k+h / gunxi = fo'ks"k.k] Adjective. 1- xqu xqu[k+h / gun gunxi = Adjective of Quality, xquokpd fo'ks"k.kA 2- ysD[kk xqu[k+h / lekKA gunxi = Numeral Adjective , la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.kA 80


¼?k½ eurq*m uy³ Nko / manquLu nalaX CAv = Accusative Verb, ijkofrZr fØ;kA ¼³½ fiaTtdkeqBu uy³ / piVjkAmuTan nalaX = Noun Derived Verb, ukeewy fØ;kA ¼p½ lM+keqBu uy³ / sazAmuTan nalaX = Sound Based Verb, /ofuewyd fØ;kA 3- eqn/~ k uy³ / muwW nalaX = Principal Verb, Á/kku fØ;kA deuk] cv+ukA 4- i¡Ml + q uy³ / paEzsu nalaX = Auxiliary Verb, lgk;d fØ;kA jv+uk] yxukA 5- i¡ M + lrkj*m uy³ / paEzsArLu nalaX = Complimentary Verb, lEiwjd fØ;kA uuuk] euukA 6- lRFkseljh uy³ / saqQemsari nalaX = Universal Verb, lkoZHkkSfed fØ;kA ryuk] csv+uk] fgdukA lRFkse = lR;A ljh = izfrfuf/kA lR; opuksa ds lkFk iz;ksx gksus okyk fØ;kA ;g fØ;k ges'kk gh orZeku dky esa O;ogkj gksrk gSA 7- eurq*m jv+m uy³ / manquLu raHu nalaX = Transitive Verb, ldeZd fØ;kA 8- eurq*m eydk uy³ / manquLu malkA nalaX = Intransitive Verb, v deZ d fØ;k A K. uy³ esnks[k+k / nalaX mewoxA = Mood, fØ;k o`fÙkA 1- ck%pdk uy³ esnks[k+k / bA:ckA nalaX mewoxA= Indicative, lk/kkj.k] cv+uk$ esuukA 2- is%ldk uy³ esnks[k+k / pe:skA nalaX mewoxA = Imperative, laHkkO;] is%luk$ rsaXxukA 3- ck%[k+dk uy³ esnks[k+k / bA:xkA nalaX mewoxA = Subjunctive, vkns'kkRed] rqDduk$ck%[k+ukA L. uy³ fdrk / nalaX kiqA = Types of verb, fØ;k ds izdkj 1- uujdh uy³ Nko / nanarki nalaX CAv = Active Doer Form Verb, lØh; fØ;k] dÙkkZFkZd fØ;kA 2- eujdh uy³ Nko / manarki nalaX CAv = Passive verb, vfØ;k'khy fØ;k] vdeZd fØ;kA

3- uurq*m uy³ Nko / nanquLu nalaX CAv = Active causal Form Verb, iszj.kkFkZd fØ;kA 4- eurq*m uy³ Nko / manquLu nalaX CAv = Passive reflexive verb, ijkofrZ r fØ;k] QykFkZd fØ;kA M. uy³ Nko / nalaX CAv = Form of verb, fØ;k dk :iA 1- lqjkZ Nko / surrA CAv = Simple form or indefinite form, lkekU; :i (i) lqjkZ jv+uk Nko / surrA raHnA CAv = Present simple form, lkekU; orZeku :iA uewn & denu] den;] xqV~BhA (ii) lqjkZ dsjdk Nko / surrA kerkA CAv = Past Simple form, lkekU; Hkwr :iA uewn & depdu] depd;] depl] depdr] depj] depu] depk xqV~BhA (iii) lqjkZ cjuk Nko / surrA barnA CAv = Future Simple Form, lkekU; Hkfo";r :iA uewn & devksu] devks;] devksl] devksj] devkse] devks xqV~BhA 2- is%ldk Nko / pe:skA CAv = Command Form, fof/k :i] vkKkFkZdA uewn & devk] vksuk] uuk] bnvk] chrvk] vksDdk] cksaXxk] islk xqV~BhA 3- iwpd Z k Nko / pu:ckA CAv = Completness Form, Perfect Form, iw.kZ :iA uewn & depdk] vks.Mdk] uaTtdk] bn~ndk] ch%rdk] mDdk] cksaXxdk] is%ldk xqV~BhA 4- uurs&eurs Nko / nanqe-manqe CAv = Progressive Form, izxfr'khy :iA uewn & deuqe] vksuuqe] uuuqe] bnrse] vksDdrse xqV~BhA 5- uuj&euj Nko / nanar-manar CAv = Participal form, iwod Z kfyd :iA uewn & devj] vksuj] uuj] bnvj] vksDdj] cksaXxj] islj] cjvj] ,evj] eks%[+kj xqV~BhA 6- uy³ esnks[k+k Nko / nalaX mewoxA CAv = Mood Form, fØ;k Hkko :iA uewn & devk 81


4- uurs&eurs dsjdk ifj;k / nanqe-manqe kerkA pariyA = Past progressive tense, iw.kZ&viw.kZ HkwrdkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuuqe jgplA III. cjuk ifj;k / barnA pariyA = Future Tense, Hkfo";r dky 1- lqjkZ cjuk ifj;k / surrA barnA pariyA = Future Tense lkekU; Hkfo";r dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksukslA 2- ljyxvk cjuk ifj;k / sarlagLA barnA pariyA = Future Continuous Tense viw.kZ Hkfo";r dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuk ybXxdk jvkslA 3- iwpZdk cjuk ifj;k / purckA barnA pariyA = Future Tense, iw.kZ Hkfo";r dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vks.Mdk jvksl 4- uurs&eurs cjuk ifj;k / nanqe-manqe barnA pariyA = Future Progressive Tense, iw.kZ&viw.kZ Hkfo";r dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuuqe jvkslA O. uuqrk vjk vkbZurk / nanuqLA arA AinqLA = Subject & Predicate, mns'; vkSj fo/ks; 1- uuqrk / nanuqA = Subject, mns';A 2- vkbZurk / AinqA = Predicate, fo/ks;A P. cdiqu / bakpun = Sentence, okD; 1- lsCck cdiqu / sebbA bakpun = Simple Sentence, ljy okD;A 2- tksVB~ k cdiqu / jotTA bakpun = Compound Sentence, ;kSfxd okD;A lkHkkj %& vk/kqfud dq¡M[q+ k+ xzkej] ys[kd % MkW- ukjk;.k Hkxr ,oa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* la'kksf/kr izdj.k & ebZ 01] 2022

yXxks] vksuk csnn~ u] uuk i¡gsl] vksDdnj usdvk] vksuk rqDdh] eks%[k+ksu dsU/ksy xqVB~ hA N. csM+k vjk ifj;k / bezA arA pariyA = Time and Tense, le; vkSj dky I. jv+uk ifj;k / raHnA pariyA = Present Tense, orZeku dkyA II. dsjdk ifj;k / kerkA pariyA = Past Tense, Hkwr dkyA III. cjuk ifj;k / barnA pariyA = Future tense, Hkfo";r dkyA I. jv+uk ifj;k / raHnA pariyA = Present tense orZeku dky 1- lqjkZ jv+uk ifj;k / surrA raHnA pariyA = Simple Present Tense. lkekU; orZeku dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksunlA 2- ljyxvk jv+uk ifj;k / sarlagLA raHnA pariyA = Present Continuous Tense. viwZ.k orZeku dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuk yxnlA 3- iwpd Z k jv+uk ifj;k / purckA raHnA pariyA = Present Perfect Tense iw.kZ orZeku dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vks.Mdk jv+nlA ,%u e.Mh vks.Mdu jv+nuA 4- uurs&eurs jv+uk ifj;k / nanqe-manqe raHnA pariyA = Present Progressive Tense, iw.kZ&viw.kZ orZeku dkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuuqe jv+nlA II. dsjdk ifj;k / kerkA pariyA = Future Tense, HkwrdkyA 1- lqjkZ dsjdk ifj;k / surrA kerkA pariyA = Simple Past Tense, lkekU; HkwrdkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vks.MlA 2- ljyxvk dsjdk ifj;k / sarlagLA kerkA pariyA = Past Continuous Tense, viw.kZ HkwrdkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vksuk yfx;lA 3- iwpd Z k dsjdk ifj;k / purckA kerkA pariyA = Past Perfect Tense, iw.kZ HkwrdkyA *eaxjl e.Mh vks.Mdk jgplA

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42- ikjEifjd mjk¡o ¼dq¡Mq[+ k½+ lekt dh lkaLd`frd ,oaa vk/;kfRed fojklr & MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* 4- l¡ofljk (saEvsirA) %& l¡ols + fljk = l¡ofljk ¼izd`fr½A l¡ols = leLr] fljk = mn~xe LFkyA [+kTt vjk [+ks%[+ksy uq raxvk rh fljtkjuk njk [+kks%juk loax vM~MkA bZ [+kTt vjk [+ks%[+ksy ¼l`tu dk ewy Jksr vFkkZr l`tu djus okyh /kjrhsa ,oa mlds vo;o½ uq flfjtrkjuk vjk flfjtrkv+u k loa x vM~M kA fpPp] psa %p] rk%dk] /kjrh] vdkl mjeh loax flfjtrq*m loax xgh flfjtrkv+uk loax ryhA og tks ekuo }kjk fufeZr u gksA fljtjuh] izkd`frd] nature, natural. 5- e;~gnso (mayhwev) %& e;k uuq nso ¼e;k&n;k djus okyk 'kfDr½] e;~;k¡ rk nso ¼mij okyk nSoh; 'kfDr½ e;~gk nso ¼n;kyq 'kfDr½A e;~gnso~l csv+nlA osnksa esa egknso 'kCn ugha gSA nso&nsok¡ jgpk dk ukn jgpk cv+ujA 6- ijcbZ r (parbaiq) %& ijcLrh uuq ¼ikyu&iks"k.k djus okyh½ e;k ¼ek;k½A ijcbZr ch*bZA 7- pUnnks&ch%M+h (canwwo-bi:zi) %& izd`fr esa lw;Z] mtkZ ,oa izdk'k dk 'kk'or Jksr gSA 8- dje nso (karam wev) %& dje iwtk esa] dje ds nso Lo:Ik dh iwtk gksrh gSA dgha Hkh gs dje isM+ ;k dje Mkyh dgdj iwtk ugha gksrh gSA dje nso ;k dje jktk dgdj iwtk gksrh gSA uke ds tki esa 'kfDr Lo:i dk vkg~oku fd;k tkrk gSA 9- pk%yk v;ax (cA:lA ayaX) & pky fpv+m v;axA ljgqy ds fnu isM+ dh Nk;k esa] pkjks fn'kk esa :[k dj iwtk gksrh gS fdUrq vkg~oku~ ,oa ea=kspkj.k esa fdlh isM+ ds uke ls iwtk ugha gksrh gSA ogk¡ ij /kjes ,oa /kjeh loax vFkkZr bZ'oj ,oa bZ'ojh; 'kfDr;ksa dh iwtk gksrh gSA 10- nsch v;ax (webi ayaX) %& no uuq es%n eydk eqDdk Nko uq laxjk fpv+m loax ¼fcuk nsg/kkjh] efgyk :i esa vPNkbZ djus okyh 'kfDr Lo:ik½A nsok¡ fc*bZA nsok¡+ch*bZ = nschA nschxqMh+ = nsch loax xq¡Mqj+ dk vM~MkA nsok¡ = good spirit ( in HO Language also) 11- ipcy&iqj[kj (pacbal-purKar) %& ikap ihrs gS\a ;fn bl rjg ds iz'u djus okys lpeqp vius fo'okl] /keZ ds ckjs esa tkurs gS]a rks muds }kjk vkfnokfl;ksa ds ckjs esa bl rjg ds ykaN.k yxk;s tkus dk vkSfpR; ugha gS vkSj ;fn mUgsa vius ckjs esa iwjh tkudkjh ugha j[krs gS rks mUgsa le>k;k tkuk Hkh vklku ugha gSA oSls v/;kRe ,d xwxM+uk ,oa QSlyk djuk½A iM+gk dk dk;Z [kwu ,oa oa'k dh 'kq)rk cuk;s j[kuk ,oa lqj{kk djuk jgk gSA 20- fclqlsUnjk (bisusenwrA) & clk uuk xs lsUnjkA ijEijkxr mjk¡o ¼dqM+q[k+½ lekt esa izR;sd o"kZ cbZlkd esa fclqlsUnjk gqvk djrk Fkk] tgk¡ lekt dk fo/ kku ,oa n.M dk fu.kZ; gksrk FkkA 21- dqM+q[k+ (kuzux) %& dqMu+ k $ v[k+uk rh dqM+q[k+ eaTtkA ¼vks%js uq dqM+uk&eks%[kuk v[k+*mj] dqM+[k+j ck%rkjj vjk vk%fje uUukfju g¡w fl[kkck%pjA dqM+uk&eks%[k+uk v[k+dr [k+us dq¡M+[k+r] dqM+uk&eks%[k+uk vD[kj [k+us dq¡M+[k+j] dqMu+ k&eks%[k+uk v[k+du [k+us dq¡M[+ k+u] dqMu+ k&eks%[k+uk v[k+de [k+us dq¡M+[k+e] dqM+uk&eks%[k+uk v[+kd; [k+us dq¡M+[k+;A ¼vkfndky esa fdlh taxy esa lw[ks ck¡l ds vkilh ?k"kZ.k ls pha ----- pha ---- pha ---- pha --- dh vkokt fudyrs&fudyrs tks vn~Hkwn n`'; ¼nkokuy½ utj vk;k og dq+Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk esa pha - pha -- ls fpPp ¼vfXu½ dgyk;k vkSj tks vo'ks’k cpk og fpUn ¼jk[k½ dgyk;kA og fpPp ls iwjk taxy tyus yxk vkSj i'kq&i{kh ejus yxsA pha -- pha -- ls fpPp dgus okys yksx mu v/ktys ekal dks [kk;s vkSj ckn esa tkuojksa ds dPps ekal dks vkx esa lsaddj [kkus dh fof/k dh [kkst dh rFkk nwljs lewg dks Hkh fl[kyk;kA bl lewg }kjk vkx ,oa vkx esa lsaddj [kkus dh fof/k dh [kkst us iwjs ekuo lekt ds thus dk rjhdk cny fn;k vkSj mudh Hkk"kk esa os dqM+k v[k+*m ;Fkk dqM+k eks%[k+k v[k+*m ls dqM+q[k+ dgyk;sA vk’k; gS] dqM[+q k+ iqj[ks] vkx ,oa vkx esa dPps ekal dks lsad dj [kkus dh fof/k dh [kkst fd;s vkSj mUgha ds }kjk nwljs yksxksa rd igw¡pkA bl rF; dks O;ogkj esa j[kus gsrq dq¡M+[k+ iqj[kksa us M.Mk dV~Vuk vuq"Bku esa bZ'oj ds uke ls lefiZr pkj[k.M ljdkj] fof/k foHkkx }kjk vf/klwfpr gSA bl vf/kfu;e esa dgk x;k gS fd & dksbZ O;fDr fdlh O;fDr dks izR;{kr% ;k vU;Fkk cyiwoZd] iz y ks H ku ;k fdlh diViw . kZ lk/ku ds }kjk ,d /keZ@/kkfeZd vkLFkk ls nwljs esa /kekZUrfjr ugha djsxk ;k djus dk iz;kl ugha djsxk] u gh ,sls /kekZUrj.k dk nq"izjs .k djsxkA ;gk¡ iz'u gS fd D;k >kj[k.M ljdkj ;gk¡ ds ijEijkxr vkfnokfl;ksa ds vkLFkk&fo'okl dks Lohdkj djrh gS rFkk fdlh uke ls tkurh gS \ bldk mÙkj gS & gk¡A >kj[k.M ljdkj] >kj[k.M ds ijEijkxr vkfnokfl;ksa ds vkLFkk&fo'kokl dks ns'kh vkLFkk (Indigenous faith) dgrh gSA >kj[k.M Lora= /keZ vf/kfu;e 2017 ds dafMdk 2¼p½ esa dgk x;k gS & ^^,slk /keZ] fo'okl ,oa ijEijk,¡ ftuesa /kkfeZd vuq"Bku] deZdk.M] ioZ&R;ksgkj] vuq'kj.k] izn'kZu] otZuk] izFkk,¡ tSlk fd >kj[k.M esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr leqnk;ksa ds }kjk Lohd`r] ekU; rFkk O;ogk;Z gS] tc ls ,sls leqnk; tkus tkrs gSAa ** 40- ljuk vkfnoklh /kje (sarnA AwivAsi Waram) %& fnukad 11-11-2020 dks >kj[k.M fo/kku lHkk }kjk >kj[k.M ds vkfnokfl;ksa dh ijEijkxr vkLFkk ,oa /kkfeZd fo”okl dks uke fn;s tkus rFkk tux.kuk lwph esa /kkfeZd vkLFkk dkWye esa “kkfey fd;s tkus dh o"kksaZ ls yafcr ekax dks ij ljuk vkfnoklh /kje uke dks loZlgefr ls ikfjr fd;k vkSj dsUnz ljdkj dks tux.kuk 2022&23 esa /keZ dkWye esa “kkfey djus gsrq Hkstk x;kA oSls dsUnz ljdkj }kjk bls ekU;rk ugha feyk gSA

36- ebZ[k+uk (maixnA) %& ebZ xgh [k+a%s l dk%uk = ekfld /keZ] mentruationA dgk tkrk gS & 12 cNjs cbZuh flaxkj] cbZuh ft;k isYyks eaTtkA 12 pUnnks 13 ebZ[k+uk] ebZuh dksjvks vDdq /kqedqfM+;Urk isYyks ,M+ikA 37- lsUnjk (sendrA) %& lsUnjk] nks fØ;k 'kCn ds Hkko dk :i gSA 1- lksUnvks uuuk 2- jksiM+ks euukA dq¡M+q[k+ esa tgk¡ dgha Hkh fdlh dks uhps fxjkus ;k ?ksjus dk Hkko iznf'kZr djuk gksrk gS] ogk¡ lksUnvks uuuk rFkk VwVus ls ;k ncko ds dkj.k vkdkjghu gqvk] fipdk gqvk] /oLr gksus ds vFkZ esa jksiM+ks euuk 'kCn O;ogkj gksrk gSA ijEijkxr mjk¡o lekt esa lsUnjk 'kCn dk iz;ksx lkekftd :i ls rhu volj ij fd;k tkrk gS & ¼1½ QXxq lsUnjk ¼2½ eqDdk lsUnjk ¼3½ fclqlsUnjkA

bl rjg ;g rF; gS fd vkfnokfl;ksa dh viuh lH;rk] laLd`fr] jhfr&fjokt] ijEijk] /keZ] vuq"Bku bR;kfn lHkh phtsa gSAa t:jr gS bls le>us vkSj vkRelkr djus dhA bZ’oj ,oa bZ’ojh; “kfDr;k¡ lcds fy, ,d leku gSA vko”;drk gS ,d vPNk ik= cudj viuh vUrjkZRek dks ijekRek ds lkFk laca/k LFkkfir djus dhA ,d lPpk vkfnoklh bl laca/k dks LFkkfir djus ds fy, vius dk;Z dks bZ”oj dk dk;Z le>dj bZekunkjh ,oa fu"Bk iwoZd djus dk iz;kl djrk gSA v/;kRe dk njoktk Hkh ;gha ls [kqyrk gSA v/;kRe O;fDr dks bZekunkj] uhfroku] uSfrdoku vkSj pfj=oku cukrk gS ftldh vko”;drk lekt dks gSA

38- fclqlUs njk (bisusendrA) %& fclqlUs njk = fc + lq + lsUnjkA fcguh & ch vjk lqlj uuuk & lq] laXxs euj fclq eatdh fc*bZA bZ ys[ks fclqlsUnjk xgh eus & fcgfuu lqlj uuuk xs lsUnjk vFkkZr oa'kcht dks laiksf"kr djus ds fy, lsUnjkA

'kks/k&ladyu & MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* fnukad & 03 fnlEcj 2022] eks-u-& 9771163804

39- ns'kh vkLFkk / Indigenous faith (wesIi|y AsQA) %& >kj[k.M Lora= /keZ vf/kfu;e 2017] fnukad

86


43- nsoukxjh fyfi esa d¡M q [+q k+ Hkk"kk dh ys[ku leL;k vkSj lek/kku rFkk vad esa lq/kkj & MkW0 ¼Jherh½ T;ksfr VksIiks mjk¡o dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh ys[ku leL;k vkSj lek/kku ds rjhds ,oa fxurh dks lqxe rFkk ljy djus gsrq vc rd dbZ igy gq,A bl Øe esa fnukad 26-08-2000 dks tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx] jk¡ph fo’ofo|ky;] jk¡ph ds lHkkxkj esa lEiUu gq, dk;Z’kkyk esa 'kwU; ¼0½ dk ukedj.k ^fufn* j[kk x;kA mlds ckn fnukad 24-09-2001 dks iqu% tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx ds lHkkxkj esa dq¡M+q[k+ fxurh dk ukedj.k laca/kh nwljh cSBd gqb]Z ftlesa vke lgefr ls fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd 'kwU; ds fy, izLrkfor ukedj.k ^fufn* dks Lohdkj fd;k tk; rFkk 'kwU; okyh cM+h la[;k dk uke nSfud dk;ksZa ds mi;ksx esa vkus okyh oLrqvksa ds ukedj.k ds le:i fxurh ds ukedj.k dks j[ks tk,¡] ftlls ;kn djus ,oa le>us esa vklkuh gksxh rFkk xf.kr lh[kus esa vklkuh gksxhA fnukad 24-09-2001 dks gq, fxurh dk ukedj.k esa 1 ls 19 rd iwooZ r j[kk x;k] tks ,d /kjksgj dh rjg gSA ’kwU; dk ukedj.k ^fufn* dks Lohdkj djrs gq, vxyh fxurh dk ukedj.k fd;k x;kA bl ukedj.k esa Two zero twenty ds rtZ ij 20] 30] 40] 50] 60] 70] 80] 90 vkfn la[;k dks ukfer fd;k x;kA tSls & ,¡M+ fufn& ,Unh = 20, ewUn fufn & ewUnh = 30, uk[+k fufn & uk[+knh = 40, iaps fufn & iUnh = 50, lks; fufn & lks;nh = 60, lk; fufn & lk;nh = 70, vk[+k fufn & vk[+knh = 80, u; fufn & u;nh = 90 j[kk x;kA cM+h la[;k ¼nks ls vf/kd vad okys la[;k½ ds ukedj.k gsrq nSfud thou esa mi;ksxh oLrqvksa dks vk/kkj ekudj ukfer fd;k x;kA bl rjg & lkS = lqM~Mh] gtkj = gqM~Mh] yk[k = yqM~Mh] djksM+ = fdM~Mh] vjc = mM~Mh] [kjc = [+kwM~Mh dgk x;kA ;gk¡ & ,¡M+ x fufn = ,Unh dgus ij xf.kr ds fu;ekuqlkj xyrh gSaA D;ksafd xf.kr esa 2 x 0 = 0 gksrk gS tks Hkfo"; esa xf.kr lh[kus okyksa ds fy, dkQh ijs'kkuh dk dkj.k cusxkA vk/kqfud xf.kr esa vadksa dks 10 ds xq.kkad esa LFkkfir fd;k x;k gSA ftls SI flLVe ;k MKS System vFkkZr ehVj] fdyksxkz e ,oa lsdM as flLVe dgrs gSAa blds vuqlkj 2x10 =20, 3x10 = 30, 4x10 = 40, 5x10 = 50, 6x10 = 60, 7x10 = 70, 8x10 = 80, 9x10 = 90 le>k tkrk gSA vkfnoklh lekt ds fy, Hkh xf.kr ,oa foKku ds ekud fl)kar ds vuq:i la[;k dk ukedj.k gksuk pkfg,] ijUrq fo’ofo|ky; Lrj ij vcrd Hkwy&pwd lq/kkj ugha fd;k x;k gSA bl ij eaFku gksuk pkfg,!! bl vk'k; ij vf[ky Hkkjrh; rksyksx a flfd izpkfj.kh lHkk] jk¡ph dh fopkj xks"Bh dkfrZd mjk¡o dq¡Mq[+ k+ ywjdqfM+;k] djeVksyh] jk¡ph ds dk;kZy; esa fnukad 11-07-2011 dks MkW0 fueZy feat] MkW0 gfj mjk¡o] MkW0 ukjk;.k Hkxr] MkW0 ¼Jherh½ 'kkfUr [ky[kks] Qk0 vxfLru dsjdsV~Vk ,oa MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* dh mifLFkfr esa lEiUu gqbZA cSBd esa xgu fopkj&foe’kZ ds ckn fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd dq¡Mq[+ k+ fxurh esa 1 ls 19 rd dk uke iwoZ dh Hkk¡fr jgs rFkk 20] 30] 40] 50] 60] 70] 80] ,oa 90 dk ukedj.k xf.kr ds fl)kar ds vuqlkj 10 ds xq.kkad esa j[ks tkus ij lgefr cuhA bl xks"Bh esa orZuh leL;k ij Hkh fopkj fd;k x;kA xks"Bh esa MkW0 fueZy feat tks Lo;a xf.kr fo"k; ds Lukrd gSa us lq>ko fn;k fd & bl leL;k dk lek/kku] orZeku rduhd ,oa Hkk"kk foKku dks vk/kkj ekudj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dh ys[ku leL;k ds lek/kku gsrq Hkk"kk foKku ,oa vk/kqfud fgUnh lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk fn;s x;s lq>ko ij vey fd;s tkus dh vko’;drk gSA Hkk"kkfonksa ds vuqlkj & dq¡Mq+[k+ Hkk"kk mrjh nzfoM+ Hkk"kk lewg dh Hkk"kk gSA fgUnh lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk] mrjh nzfoM+ Hkk"kk dh yEch /ofu (Long phone) dks fy[kus ds fy, ** % ** ¼dkWyu@mifojke½ fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tks rduhfd n`f"V ls csgrj gSA blh rjg dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk esa mPpfjr gspdk gjg (Glotal stop) dks dq¡M+q[k+ Hkkf"k;ksa }kjk v+ fpg~u ls fy[kk tkrk gS rFkk 'kCn[k.M lwpd (Syllable index) ds fy, ** * ** ¼vikWLVªksQh½ 87


dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS] tks Lokxr ;ksX; gSA blds vfrfjDr la[;kvksa dk ukedj.k 10 ds xq.kkad esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A bl vk’k; ij MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o **lSUnk** dgk fd & bXuw ds ikB~;Øe ¼,e0,p0Mh0&6½ esa nzfoM+ Hkk"kk dh yEch /ofu ds fy, rFkk fgUnh lkfgR; ds fo}ku Q+k0 dkfey cqYds dh iqLrd vaxzsth fgUnh ’kCndks’k esa yEch /ofu ds fy, ^ % * fpg~u dk O;ogkj fd;k x;k gSA bls >kj[k.M ds o;kso`) fgUnh lkfgR;dkj MkW0 fnus’oj izlkn }kjk Hkh leFkZu fd;k x;k gSA mijksDr fopkjksa ij MkW0 gfj mjk¡o] MkW0 ukjk;.k Hkxr ,oa MkW0 Jherh 'kkfUr [ky[kks us lq>ko fn;k fd Hkk"kk&foKku ,oa rduhfd lEer ckrksa dks vko’;drk vuqlkj Lohdkj djuk gksxk vU;Fkk ge ihNs jg tk,axsA ifjp;kZ esa viuh ckr j[krs gq, MkW0 gfj mjk¡o us Li"V fd;k fd yEch /ofu ds fy, Þ % Þ ¼dkWyu½ fpg~u O;ogkj fd;k tkuk IPA (International Phonetic Alphabets) ds vuq:i gh gSA ogha ij gspdk gjg /ofu ds fy, Þ v+ Þ fpg~u dks Lohdkj fd;s tkus ls fy[kus] ius esa vklkuh gksxhA 'kCn [k.M lwpd fpg~u ds LFkku ij ** * ** ¼vikWLVªksQh½ dk pquko fpUg dks igys gh Lohdkj fd;k tk pqdk gSA xks"Bh ds var esa nsoukxjh fyfi ls fy[kus le; mB jgh leL;kvksa dk lek/kku gsrq loZlgefr ls fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd %& 1- dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh yEch /ofu dks fn[kykus ds fy, Loj ds ckn Þ % Þ ¼dkWyu½ fpg~u fn;k tk;A tSls & ,%M+k] vks%M+k] eks%M+k] tks%M+k] pk¡%M+s&pk¡%M+s] dksa%M+k&dksa%M+kA 2- gspdk gjg ds fy, Þv+Þ fpg~u fn;k tk;A tSls & usvu+ k] fpv+uk] cv+uk] gksvu+ kA 3- 'kCn [k.M lwpd ds fy, ** * **¼vikWLVªksQh½ fpg~u fn;k tk;A tSls & cjbZ&cj*bZ] debZ & de*bZA 4- rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ dks iBu&ikBu ds ikB~;Øe esa ’kkfey fd;s tkus dh O;oLFkk djok;h tk;A 5- dq¡M+q[k+ fxurh dks xf.kr ,oa foKku ij vk/kkfjr 10 ds xq.kkad esa rS;kj fd;k tk;A ekud orZuh ,oa fxurh gsrq o"kZ 2015 dbZ fo'ks"kKksa ls fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k x;kA dq¡Mq+[k+ fxurh dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; ifjn`’; esa ljy ,oa ekud Lo:i ds MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk] MkW- fueZy feat] rfey ,oa fgUnh ds fo}ku MkWå ,exksfoUnjktu] uksFkZ bZLV ;wjksfi;u ;wfuoflZVh gkWyUS M ds pkaLyj ekuo’kkL=h izkås MkWå eksgudkUr xkSre ,oa ekuo’kkL=h izkås MkWå djek mjk¡o ds lq>ko ij leh{kksijkar vko';d la'kks/ku fd;s tkus dh :ijs[kk rS;kj dh xbZ] ftlesa dgk x;k fd fxurh ,oa igkM+k esa dqN ,slk dke gks ftlls cPps vklkuh ls le>sa vkSj ;kn dj ldsaA varjkZ"Vªh; xf.kr ds vuqlkj 20 = 2 x 10, 30 = 3 x 10, 40 = 4 x 10, 50 = 5 x 10, 60 = 6 x 10, 70 = 7 x 10, 80 = 8 x 10 rFkk 90 = 9 x 10 le>k tkrk gSA xf.kr ds bl fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij dq¡Mq+[k+ fxurh ds vad dks ,¡M+ x nks; ¾ ,Unks; ¾ 20] ewUn x nks; ¾ eqUnks; ¾ 30] uk[k x+ nks; ¾ uk[k+nks; ¾ 40] iaPps x nks; ¾ iUnks; ¾ 50] lks; x nks; ¾ lks;nks; ¾ 60] lk; x nks; ¾ lk;nks; ¾ 70] vk[k+ x nks; ¾ vk[k+nks; ¾ 80] u; x nks; ¾ u;nks; ¾ 90 dh rjg le>k tkuk pkfg, gSA MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk bl fo"k; esa vPNs dk;Z fd;s gSAa mUgksua s dbZyxk dk uohd`r laLdj.k rFkk iquk pUnnks ,oa vk/kqfud dq¡Mq[+ k+ O;kdkj.k esa bu ckrksa dks foLrkj ls izLrqr fd;k gSA MkW- mjk¡o ,oa MkW- fueZy feat ds lkFk o"kZ 2019 esa ,d ys[k izLrqr fd;k x;k ftlesa vk/kqfud xf.kr ds fl)karksa dks vk/kkj ekudj lq/kkj fd;s tkus ds fy, mik; cryk;s x;s gSaA blds vfrfjDr vk/kqfud fgUnh lkfgR;dkjksa }kjk LFkkfir] u;s rjhdksa ds vk/kkj ij O;atu v vFkok gspdk ds fy, ^ v+ * fpg~u rFkk yEch /ofu ds fy, ^^ : ** lsyk fpg~u ,oa ’kCn[k.M lwpd ;k ?ksryk ^* * ** fpg~u dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl fo"k; ij dq¡Mq[+ k+ fo}rtuksa dk lq>ko Fkk fd dq¡M[q+ k+ fxurh ,oa igkM+k dk Lo:i e/kqj ,oa ljy gksuk pkfg,A ;fn ,slk laHko gqvk rks ge lHkh] vkus okyh ihko Fkk fd dq¡Mq[+ k+ fxurh ,oa igkM+k dk Lo:i e/kqj ,oa ljy gksuk pkfg,A ;fn ,slk laHko gqvk rks ge lHkh vkus okyh ihs] viuk fopkj cryk;s & ;fn dq¡Mq[+ k+ esa fxurh vkSj igkM+k dk fodkl ljy rjhds ls gks] rks dqM¡ q[+ k+ lekt ds cPps viuh Hkk"kk esa xf.kr dks vklkuh ls le> ldsx a s] vr% blls lacfa /kr 'kks/k ,oa lgefr ds lkFk xkao Lrj ij dk;Z djsaA MkWå fueZy feat bl fn'kk esa iz;Ru'khy jgsA blh Øe esa fnukad 26-08-2000 dks tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk"kk foHkkx] jk¡ph fo'ofo|ky;] jk¡ph ds ifjlj esa dq¡M+q[+k fxurh ekudhdj.k dk;Z'kkyk esa nks;] ,Unks;] eqUnks;] uk[+knks;] iUnks;] lks;nks;] lk;nks;] vk[+knks;] u;nks; dks iwoZ dh rjg Lohdkj fd;k x;kA lkFk gh 'kwU; ds fy, fufn 'kCn dk ukedj.k rks bl dk;Z'kkyk esa izLrko ikfjr fd;k x;k vkSj vc ;g izpyu esa gSA fdUrq bl fu.kZ; esa 20 ds fy, ,¡M fufn & ,Unh] 30 ds fy, ewUn fufn & ewUnh dh rjg ckrsa j[kh xbZa] tSlk fd vaxjsth esa 20 dks two zero - twenty Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ij varjkZ"Vªh; xf.kr ds fl)kar esa 10 ds xq.kd ds vuqlkj 20 = 2x10 gksrk gSA ml fnu Hkwy&pwd ls ;k tYnckth esa ,Unh] eqUnh] uk[k+nh iUnh] lks;nh] lk;nh] vk[k+nh] u;nh bR;kfn fu.kZ; gqvk] tks vc ikB~; iqLrdksa esa Hkh vk jgk gSA ijUrq ;g varjkZ"Vªh; xf.kr ds fl)kar dh n`f"V ls ;g pwd ¼xyrh½ gSA MkWå feat dks tc bl pwd dk vglk'k gqvk] rks os cksys fd & xf.kr dh la[;k ds ukedj.k esa gqbZ pwd dks lq/kkj fd;k tk,A lq/kkj dk vk/kkj xf.kr dk varjkZ"Vªh; fl)kar gksA blds vuqlkj 20 = 2x10 rFkk 30 = 3x10 gksrk gSA blh mns'; ls fnukad 11-07-2011 dks MkWå fueZy feat] MkWå gfj mjk¡o] MkWå ukjk;.k Hkxr] MkWå ¼Jherh½ 'kkfUr [ky[kks] Qkå vxfLru dsjdsVV~ k] Jh ikWy eqt a uh ,oa MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o dh mifLFkfr esa cSBd gqbAZ bl cSBd esa xf.kr ds tkudkjksa ds le{k fu.kZ; gqvk vkSj 10] 20] 30] 40] 50] 60] 70] 80] 90 dks Øeokj nks;] ,Unks;] eqUnks;] uk[+knks;] iUnks;] lks;nks;] lk;nks;] vk[+knks;] u;nks; ds :i esa 2000 bZå ls iwoZ dh Hkk¡fr j[kk x;kA varjkZ"Vªh; xf.kr dk fl)kar MKS System ;k SI System ds vuqlkj fu/kkZfjr gSA bl 'kks/k&ladyu esa fxurh ,oa igkM+k dks vklkuh ls mPpkj.k djus rFkk ;kn djus ds mns'; ls 21 ds fy, ,Unks; vksUn dks ,UnksvksUn] 22 ds fy, ,Unks; ewUn dks ,UnksewUn dh rjg j[ks tkus ds fo"k; ij ppkZ gqbAZ ;fn ubZ ihus esa ;ksxnku ns lds rks ;g dk;Z mÙke gksxkA bl fn'kk esa foLr`r 'kks/k gks vkSj lgefr cus] ftlls dq¡Mq[+ k+ lekt ds cPpksa ds fy, xf.kr vklku gks ldsA & MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o fnuksad 31 fnlEcj 2018 lSUnk] fllbZ] xqeyk ¼>kj[k.M½ 93


46- vM~Mk eqYyh ¼LFkkuh; eku½ vksafne nksf;e lqfMe gqfMe nks; gqfMe yqfMe nks; yqfMe fdfMe nks; fdfMe mfMe nks; mfMe [+kf+w Me nks; [+k+wfMe lqM~Mh [+k+wfMe gqM~Mh [+kwfMe yqM~Mh [+kwfMe fdM~Mh [+kwfMe mM~Mh [+kwfMe [+kwM~Mh [+kwfMe

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

bdkbZ ngkbZ lSdM+k gtkj nl gtkj yk[k nl yk[k djksM+ nl djksM+ vjc nl vjc [kjc nl [kjc lkS [kjc gtkj [kjc yk[k [kjc djksM+ [kjc vjc [kjc [kjc [kjc

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 1000000000 10000000000 100000000000 1000000000000 102x1011 = 103x1011 = 105x1011 = 107x1011 = 109x1011 = 1011x1011 =

1013 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022

& & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & & &

vksUn nks; lqM~Mh gqM~Mh nks; gqMM ~ h yqM~Mh nks; yqMM ~ h fdM~Mh nks; fdM~Mh mM~Mh nks; mM~Mh [k+qMM ~ h nks; [k+qMM ~ h lqM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h gqM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h yqM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h fdM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h mM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h [+kwM~Mh [+kwMM ~ h

cDd uq VwM+k ¼’kCnksa esa fy[ksa½ 12345-

,d lkS iSarhl pkj gtkj ik¡p lkS lSarhl ckbl gtkj lkr lkS lSarhl ik¡p yk[k vkB gtkj ,dklh lkr djksM+ ckjg yk[k pkSl a B

& & & & &

vksna lqMM ~ h ewUnks%iaPpsA uk[+k gqMM ~ h iaPps lqM~Mh ewUnks%lk;A ,Unks,¡M+ gqM~Mh lk; lqM~Mh ewUnks%lk;A iaPps yqMM ~ h vk[+k gqMM ~ h vk[k+nks%vksUnA lk; fdM~Mh nks;,¡M+ yqM~Mh lks;nks%uk[k+A

vksUnrk & igyk] ewUnrk & rhljk] ikurk & ik¡pok] lk;rk & lkrok¡] u;rk & uok¡] nks;vksUnrk & X;kjgok¡]

,¡M+rk & nwljk] uk[k+rk & pkSFkk] lks;rk & NBok¡] vk[k+rk & vkBok¡] nks;rk & nlok¡] nks;,¡M+rk & ckjgok¡] 94


47- dq¡M+q[k+ igkM+k / kuEzux pahAzA 1/¡ vksUns

vksUn 1 / ¡

,¡M+ 2 / ¢

ewUn 3 / £

uk[k+ 4 / ¤

iaPNks 5 / ¥

lks; 6 / ¦

lk; 7 / §

vk[k 8 / ¨+

u; 9 / ©

nks; 10 / ¡0

2/¢ ,¡Ms+

,¡M+ uk[k++ 2 / ¢ 4 / ¥

lks; 6 / ¦

vk[k+ 8 / ¨

nks;+ 10 / ¡0

nks;,¡M+ 12 / ¡¢

nks;uk[k+ 14 / ¡¤+

nks;lks; 16+ / ¡¦

nks;vk[k+ 18 / ¡¨

,¡Unks; 20 / ¢0

3/£ eqUns

ewUn lks; 3 / £ 6 / ¦

u; 9 / ©

nks;,¡M+ 12 / ¡¢

nks;iaPNks 15 / ¡¥

nks;vk[k+ 18 / ¡¨

,UnksvksUn 21 / ¢¡

,UnksewUn 24 / ¢¤

,Unkslk; 27 / ¢§

eqUnnks; 30 / £0

nks;uk[k+ 12 / ¡¢

nks;lks; 16 / ¡¦

,Unks; 20 / ¢0

,Unksuk[k+ ,Unksvk[k+ 24 / ¢¤ 28 / ¢¨

eqUnks,¡M+ 32 / £¢

eqUnkslk; 36 / £¦

uk[k+nks; 40 / ¤0

5/¥ iaPNks nks; nks;iaPNks ,Unks; ,UnksiaPNks eqUnks; eqUnksiaPNks iaPps 5 / ¥ 10 / ¡0 15 / ¡¥ 20 / ¢0 25 / ¢¥ 30 / £0 35 / £¥

uk[k+nks; 40 / ¤0

uk[k+iaPNks 45 / ¤¥

iUnks; 50 / ¥0

eqUnkslks; uk[k+nks,¡M+ uk[k+nksvk[k+ 36 / £¦ 42 / ¤¢ 48 / ¤¨

iUnksuk[k+ 54 / ¥¤

lks;nks; 60 / ¦0

4/¤ uk[k+ vk[k+ uk[ks+ 4 / ¤ 8 / ¨

6/¦ lks; nks;,¡M+ nks;vk[k+ ,Unksuk[k+ eqUnks; lks;s 6 / ¦ 12 / ¡¢ 18 / ¡¨ 24 / ¢¤ 30 / £0

7/§ lk; nks;uk[k+ ,UnksvksUn ,Unksvk[k++ eqUnksiaPNks uk[k+nks,¡M+ uk[k+nksuk; iUnkslks; lk;s 7 / § 14 / ¡¤ 21 / ¢¡ 28 / ¢¨ 35 / £¥ 42 / ¤¢ 49 / ¤© 56 / ¥¦

lks;nksewUn lk;nks; 63 / ¦£ 70 / §0

8/¨ vk[k+ nks;lks; ,Unksuk[k+ eqUnks,¡M+ vk[k+nks; vk[k+nksvk[k+ iUnkslks; lk;nksuk[k+ vk[k+s 8 / ¨ 16 / ¡¦ 24 / ¢¤ 32 / £¢ 40 / ¤0 48 / ¤¨ 56 / ¥¦ 64 / ¦¤

lk;nks,¡M+ 72 / §¢

9/© u;s

vk[k+nks; 80 / ¨0

u; nks;vk[k+ ,Unkslk; eqUnkslks; vk[k+nksiaPNks iUnksuk[k+ lks;nksewUn lk;nks,¡M+ vk[k+nksvksUn u;nks; 9 / © 18 / ¡¨ 27 / ¢§ 36 / £¦ 45 / ¤¥ 54 / ¥¤ 63 / ¦£ 72 / §¢ 81 / ¨¡ 90 / ©0

10/¡0 nks; ,Unks; eqUnks; uk[k+nks; iUnks; lks;nks; lk;nks; nks;s 10/¡0 20/¢0 30 / £0 40 / ¤0 50 / ¥0 60 / ¦0 70 / §0

vk[k+nks; 80 / ¨0

u;nks; 90 / ©0

,Uus cpvk ¼,sls ik tkrk gSA dq¡Mq[+ k+ dRFkk dk rksyks³ flfd rks%M+ikc] izkphu xzhd Hkk’kk dh vo/kkj.kk tSlk gSA rks%M+ikc esa] ikc dk vFkZ] Øe ;k ckjh gksrk gS] tgk¡ i ds ckn gh c vkrk gSA blfy, o.kZekyk esa o.kksZa dk Øe] i ds ckn c okyk :i ekU; gqvk] tSlk fd dq¡M[+q k+ iwoZtksa ds }kjk LFkkfir ikc ’kCn gSA iwoZtksa }kjk LFkkfir ’kCnksa dk p;u dj o.kZekyk ds fy, rks%M+ikc ukfer fd;k x;k] ftldk vFkZ fgUnh esa o.kZekyk rFkk vaxjsth esa Alphabet dh rjg gSA rks%M+ikc nks Js.kh esa c¡Vk gSA 1- ljg rks%M+] vFkkZr Loj o.kZ vkSj 2- gjg rks%M+ vFkkZr O;atu o.kZA tks /ofu ljZ ls fudyrh gS vFkkZr fcuk vojks/k ds mPpfjr gksrk gS] og ljZ ls ljg rksM+ dgk x;kA blh rjg tks /ofu gM+gM q +krs gq, vFkkZr vojks/k ds lkFk mPpfjr gksrk gS] og gM+gqM+ ls gjg rks%M+ dgyk;kA ;g nksuksa ljg ,oa gjg ’kCn] Hkk’kk foKku dh ifjHkk’kk ds vuqlkj jfpr gSA rksyks³ flfd o.kZekyk es]a Loj o.kZ dk izFke o.kZ b gS rFkk vk var esa gSA Hkk"kk foKku dh ekU;rk gS fd cPps dks lcls igys vklku 'kCnksa ls fl[kyk;k tkuk pkfg,A bl fl)kar ds vk/kkj ij b /ofu lcls vklku gS rFkk vk /ofu vf/kd dfBu gSA rksyks³ flfd dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl] iqLrd esa cryk;k x;k gS fd tUe ds ckn] uotkr cPps dk yxko ,oa tqM+ko] lcls vf/kd viuh ek¡ ds lkFk gksrk gS] mlds ckn firk ls] fQj vkxs ds thou esa bZ’oj ls] fQj vius lxslca af/k;ksa ls vkSj reke izkd`frd ekuosrj phtksa lsA bl laac/a k dks dq¡Mq[+ k+ esa baXx;ks] ,Eecl] mjcl] vksjer] vfn~n;j] vk%yks vFkkZr b , m vks v vk ds Øe esa vuqØfer fd;k x;k gSA varjk’Vªh; /ofu foKku ds fl)kar ds vuqlkj Hkh b , m vks v vk Øe dh O;ogkfjd ekU;rk gSA gjg rks %M+ vFkkZr O;a tu o.kZ dk vkjaHk

i oxhZ; o.kZ ls vkjaHk fd;k x;k gSA bl laca/k esa dq¡Mq[+ k+ lekt vkt Hkh vius O;ogkfjd thou esa lcls igys cPps dks i oxhZ; ’kCn fl[kykrk gSA jksVh dks iik] Hkkr dks eek] ikuh dks ee] nw/k dks nqnq vkfn dgdj fl[kyk;k tkrk gSA o;Ld thou esa bu ’kCnksa dk O;ogkj vius fy, ugha gksrk gS] ;g cPps dks fl[kykus dk rjhdk gSA bl laca/k esa uotkr ,oa f’k’kq jksx fo’ks’kKksa dk ekuuk gS fd uotkr tc Lruiku djrk gS rks mlds vksB lØh; ,oa etcwr curs gSa] blfy, vksB ds lVus ls mRiUu /ofu ds mPpj.k dks lh[kus esa cPps dks vklkuh gksrh gSA fpfdRlk foKku dh n`f’Vdks.k ls ;g Li"V gS fd dq¡M[+q k+ lekt esa jksVh dks iik] Hkkr dks eek] ikuh dks ee] nw/k dks nqnq vkfn dgdj fl[kyk;s tkus dh O;ogkfjd ijEijk foKku lEer gSA bl laca/k esa f’k’kq fo’ks’kKksa ds vuqlkj ,d cPpk 6osa eghus esa ,d vk{kfjd ’kCn ¼ik] ck] ek] rk] nk] uk vkfn½ lh[krk gS rFkk 9osa eghus esa }h vk{kfjd ’kCn ¼iik] cck] eek] nnk vkfn½ ,oa 1ys o"kZ ds var esa nks ’kCn vFkZ lfgr lh[krk gSA vk/kqfud uotkr f’k’kq fpfdRld tc cPps dk Resuscitaion djrk gS rks lcls igys cbZ (mouth) dks clear djrk gS] mlds ckn eq¡bZ (nose) dksA ;gk¡ Hkh c ds ckn e Øe gSA rksyks³ flfd ds tud MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o Lo;a ,d uotkr ,oa f’k’kq fpfdRld gSa] ftUgksaus vius vuqHko ds vk/kkj ij dq¡M+q[k+ iwoZtksZa ds Kku ,oa vo/kkj.kk dks fpfdRlh; Kku ls rwyuk dj O;k[;k djus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA MkW0 ukjk;.k dk dguk gS fd dq¡Mq[+ k+ iwoZtksa ds Kku dh vo/kkj.kk bruh mPp Fkh fd os uotkr f’k’kq ds tUe ds le; gksus okys fodkjksa dks le>rs FksA muds le> ds vuqlkj & ^^rk%dk ,elkj*bZ] iYys cbZ esy[k+k] gksyse pha%[k+uj [k+n~nj** vFkkZr tc ok;q] nUr] ew[k fooj ,oa mijh d.B dks Li’kZ djrh gS rHkh cPpk jksrk gSA blh rjg & ^^rr[k+k] nqnfgu] ujVh rjk urxh] gksyes mTtuj [k+n~nj** vFkkZr tc thHk] nw/k dks Hkkstu uyh dh vksj [khaprk gS] rHkh cPpk ftank jgrk gSA bl rjg cPps ds thou ds fy, lcls igys jksuk vko’;d gS] fQj vkxs ds thou ds fy,s nw/k ihuk Hkh vko’;d gSA tks i c e rFkk r n u dh rjg dk vuqØe] iwoZtksa ds Kku ,oa /kjksgj dks Li"V djrk gSA *** lgk;d izk/;kid] laLd`r xkWLluj dkWyst] jk¡phA lkHkkj % cDdgqgh] vad 6-

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54- ubZ fyfi dh fodkl ;k=k dh egRoiw.kZ iz'ukoyh & MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^^lSUnk** iz'u 1 %& Hkk"kk&laLd`fr ds laj{k.k ,oa lao)Zu gsr]q ekr`Hkk"kk fo"k; ds :i esa ikj[k.M rFkk i0 caxky ljdkj esa gSA mUgksaus bl fo’k; ij “kks/k&vuqla/kku dk dk;Z vius Nk= thou esa njHkaxk fpfdRlk egkfo|ky;] ygsfj;kljk; ¼fcgkj½ esa o’kZ 1989 esa vkjaHk fd;kA ,d fyfi ds :i esa loZizFke o’kZ 1993 esa lkekftd izn'kZuh rFkk lekpkj i=ksa ds ek/;e ls lekt ds chp igw¡pkA blij yxkrkj “kks/k& ladyu djrs gq, o’kZ 1998 esa rr~dkyhu Hkk’kkfon] Hkkjrh; Hkk’kk laLFkku] eSlwj ¼Hkkjr ljdkj½ ds izksQslj MkWå Ýkafll ,Ddk ,oa Hkk’kkfon MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk ds mPp Lrjh; dfefV ds lkFk ekxZ n'kZu izkIr fd;k x;kA rr~i'pkr o’kZ 1999 esa lkoZtfud :i ls lekt ds yksxksa ds fy, fy[kus&ikj[k.M tutkrh; dY;k.k “kks/k laLFkku] jk¡ph esa o’kZ 1998 esa ,d jktdh; dk;Z'kkyk vk;ksftr gqbZ rFkk o’kZ 2003 esa >kj[k.M ljdkj us rksyksx a flfd dks dq¡M[+q +k Hkk’kk dh fyfi dh ?kks’k.kk dh vkSj dsUnz ljdkj dks viuk vuqeksnu HkstkA blds vkyksd esa >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj’kn jk¡ph us o’kZ 2009 esa ,d fo|kky; dks rFkk o’kZ 2016 ls lHkh fo|ky;ksa ds Nk=ksa ds fy, dq¡Mq[+ +k Hkk’kk fo’k; dh ijh{kk rksyksax flfd] fyfi esa fy[kus dh vuqefr nh xbZA orZeku esa xqeyk] yksgjnxk] jk¡ph vkfn ftyk ds dq¡M+q[+k Hkk’kh {ks=ksa

117


esa lekt }kjk pyk;s tk jgs dbZ fo|ky;ksa ds ek/;e ls Hkk’kk&fyfi dh isyuh iM+hA ij bl fu.kZ; ls eq>s [kq'kh gS fd eSa Hkh bl lkekftd Hkkxhnkjh df vxqokbZ dk ,d fgLlk gw¡A o’kZ 2009 esa dq¡M[+q +k Hkk’kk fo’k; dh ijh{kk rksyksax flfd] fyfi esa fy[kus dh vuqefr feyus ds lekt ,oa ljdkjh foHkkx ds chp ckrphr djus okys Vhe dk eSa Hkh ,d lnL; jgkA jkT; esa ml le; jk’Vªifr “kklu FkkA tSd ds inkf/kdkfj;ksa dk funsZ'k Fkk fd ubZ fyfi esa ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr ds fy, bl ubZ fyfi esa ikB~; iqLrd gksuk vko';d gSA tSd }kjk oSlk funsZ'k fn;s tkus rd esa flQZ nsokukxjh fyfi esa ikB~; iqLrd miyC/ k FkkA lekt ds lkeus ,d dfBu pqukSfr Fkh & igyk] viuh ekr`Hkk’kk ds lkfgR; dks ljdkj ds rjktw esa [kjk mrkjuk vkSj nwljk] Ldwy ds cPpksa dk Hkfo’; l¡okjukA ;g dk;Z dfBu Fkk ij vlaHko ughaA ,d vksj jk¡ph ls 150 fd0eh0 nwjh ij ywjfMIik] Mqejh fo|ky; ds Nk= vkSj nwljh vksj] jk¡ph ls 200 fd0eh0 nwj x;k ¼fcgkj½ esa fyfi ds fo'ks’kK MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o dh inLFkkiukA fdrkc izdk'ku ds fy, dkFkfyd fizafVax izsl] jk¡ph rd igw¡pkus esa ,d la;kstd dh Hkwfedk esjs fy, ges”kk gh ,d ;knxkj jgsxkA foijhr ifjfLFkfr esa rFkk de le; esa fyI;Urj.k dj iqLrd dks lkekftd fpardksa ds lkFk tSd rd igw¡pk;k x;k vkSj rc 20 Qjojh 2009 dks rksyksax flfd] fyfi esa ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr dh lwpuk lkoZtfud gqbZA bl fyfi ds izpkj&izklkj gsrq dqN laLFkkxr dk;Z Hkh gks jgs gSaA bu dk;ksZa esa ls o’kZ 2010 esa vf[ky Hkkjrh; rksyksax flfd izpkfj.kh lHkk] uked laLFkk dk xBu fd;k x;kA bl lHkk ds v?;{k in dk ftEek eq>s lkSaik x;k vkSj yxkrj eSa viuh ftEesnkjh fuHkk jgk gw¡A egklfpo Loa; MkWå ukjk;.k mjk¡o us laHkkyk vkSj ,d Vhe dk;Z Hkkouk ls ns”k ds dksus&dksus esa Hkk’kk ,oa fyfi dh ckrsa dq¡Mq[+ +k Hkkf’k;ksa

rd igq¡pkus yxsA ,d fpfdRld gksus ds pyrs dbZ ckj dq¡M+q[+k fyVjsjh lkslk;Vh vkWQ bafM;k ds jk’Vªh; lEesyu esa MkWå ukjk;.k ugha i¡gqp ikrs] ogk¡ eSa ,d v/;{k ds ukrs yksxksa rd Hkk’kk&fyfi ds rF;ksa dks lekt ds yksxksa ds lkeus j[k ik;kA orZeku esa Hkh tgk¡ t:jr gksrh gS] ogk¡ dq¡M+q[+k Hkk’kk ,oa fyfi ds izpkj&izlkj gsrq le; fudky dj yksxksa ds le{k blls lacaf/kr ckrsa j[kus dk iz;kl djrk jgrk gw¡A dq¡M+q[+k lekt esa ,d nq/keq¡gs cPps dks Hkk’kk fl[kkus dh vn~Hkqr ijEijk gSA fpfdRlk foKku ekurk gS cPpk lcls igys 6osa eghus rd ,d vk{kfjd 'kCn ik---] ck---] ek--- vkfn lh[krk gS] fQj 9osa eghus rd }h vk{kfjd 'kCn & iik] cck] eek bR;kfn lh[krk gSA blh rjg 1o’kZ gksrs&gksrs dqN “kCnksa dks vFkZ lfgr lh[k ysrk gSA dq¡M+q[+k lekt esa Hkh cPps dks vklku “kCn fl[kykus ds Øe esa jksVh dks fn[kk dj & iik] Hkkr dks fn[kk dj & eek] cksyus ds fy, cryk;k tkrk gSA blh rjg cPps dh ek¡] cPps ds firk dks fn[kkdj & cck] cksyus ds fy, cryk;k djrh gSA ijUrq o;Ld yksxksa dh Hkk’kk esa jksVh dks vlek] Hkkr dks e.Mh rFkk firkth dks ck ;k cck dgk tkrk gSA bl rjg NksVs cPps dks vklku 'kCn fl[kykus gsrq dq¡M+q[k+ lekt esa Hkh viuh] vyx fo/kk gSA bu lkekftd igyqvksa rFkk Hkk’kk foKku ds rF;ksa ds v/kkj ij rksyksax flfd o.kZekyk dks LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS tks lkekftd Lohdk;Zrk dks cy iznku djrk gSA bUgha lc dbZ rF;ksa dks vk/kkj] ekudj O;atu o.kksZa dk vkjaHk i] Q] c] Hk] e ls fd;k x;k gSA blh rjg Loj o.kZ dk Øe b , m vks v vk dh rjg LFkkfir fd;s tkus dk viuk Lora= vk/kkj gSA bl laca/k esa rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl iqLrd esa b , m vks v vk j[ks tkus dk vk/kkj cryk;k x;k gSA bl rdZ ls eSa Hkh lger g¡wA ,d cPpk tUe ds ckn lcls vf/kd utnhd ek¡ ds lkFk jgrk gSA esjh ek¡ dgs tkus dks dq¡Mq[+ +k Hkk’kk esa baXx;ks dgk tkrk gS] tks baXx;ks 'kCn esa b /ofu dk vVwV laca/k dks crykrk gSA blh rjg esjs firk dgs tkus dks dq¡M+q[+k Hkk’kk esa ,Eecl dgk tkrk gS] tks ,Ecl 'kCn essa , /ofu dk laca/k dks izxkdj iqdkj mBs & baXx;ks engs & b] mcjl engs & m] vn~nh;j engs & v]

,Ecl engs & , vksjer engs & vks vkyks engs & vk

bu rF;ksa ij MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk Hkh viuh iqLrd ^^rksyksx a flfd dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl** izdkf'kr laLdj.k % 2003 ¼i`’B 164½ esa Li’V mYys[k fd;k x;k gSA mudk ekuuk gS ftl rjg cPpk tUe ds ckn lcls vf/kd ek¡ ds lkFk jgrk gS rFkk esjh ek¡ ds fy, dqaM+q[k+ esa baXx;ks 'kCn dk O;ogkj gksrk gSA eka ds ckn cPps dk vf/kd yxko firk ¼,Eecl ;k esjs firk½ ds lkFk] fQj eka&firk mjcl ¼bZ’oj½ dks crykrs gSa] fQj vksjer ¼lHkh½] fQj vn~nh;j ,oa vk%yks vFkkZr izd`fr dh vkfn 'kfDr;k¡ ,oa ekuosrj tho&tUrqA bl rjg o.kZekyk Øe & b] ,] m] vks] v] vk gqvkA bl izdkj] Åij fyf[kr Loj o.kZ 6 ¼N%½ dh la[;k esa gSaA oSls] flQZ Loj ls] 'kCn ugha cursA mlds fy, O;atu o.kZ dk gksuk vko”;d gSA gekjs vkfnoklh ijEijk esa dksbZ Hkh dk;ZØe dk vkjEHk ,d fof/k&fo/kku ls gksrk gS ftl /kkfeZd vuq’Bku dks M.Mk&dÍuk ;k iYydk¡luk dgrs gSA ;gha ls Custom System Tradition dh iqf’V gksrh gS vkSj “kCn ds mPpkj.k gsrq Loj ds lkFk O;atu dh igpku Lor% fo|eku gks mBrk gS &

engs engs engs engs engs

i Q c Hk e & bR;kfnA

vr,o vius iwoZtksa] ekrk&firk ,oa /kesZl dks geyksx lcdqN lefiZr djsa tks mudh noys vksgek dks ;kn djsa vkSj xquxquk,¡ & baXx;ks ,Ecl mjcl uq noys vksgek] noys vksgek /kjesl vksjs uaTtl vksjer xs & 2 /kjesl vksjs uaTtl vksjer xs & 2 /kjesl vksjs uaTtl vn~nh uw & 2 cjk vksYyXxk & 2 vksjek vk%yj vk%yksr uke cjk iYydk¡lk vksjek vk%yj vkyksr uke cjk Hkk[k [k.Mk vksjek vk%yj vkyksr uke cjk M.Mk&dV~Vk vksjek vk%yj vkyksr uke] vksjek vk%yj vk%yksr uke & 3 bl izdkj noys vksgek iwj[kksa ¼iwoZtksa½ ls vkf’k’k ek¡xus dh ,d izkFkZuk gSA ;gh noys vksgek iwoZtksa dks ;kn djus ,oa J)katfy pkj[k.M vyx izkar vkUnksyu ds iqjks/kk in~eJh MkW0 jken;ky eq.Mk th ls feyus muds vkokl ij 05 ebZ 1997 dks MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o] Jh foosdkuUn Hkxr ,oa eSa ¼eaxjk mjk¡o½ igq¡psA f'k"Vkpkj iwjk gksus ds ckn MkW0 mjk¡o }kjk >kj[k.M dh Hkk’kk] lkfgR; ,oa fyfi ds fodkl esa MkW0 eq.Mk th ls ekxZ n”kZu ,oa lq>ko gsrq fuosnu fd;k x;k vkSj dbZ lkef;d ckrsa Hkh gqbZaA ckrphr ds Øe esa MkW0 mjk¡o us MkW0 eq.Mk th ls ,d O;fDrxr loky fd;k & ^^jkmjs] fefulksVk ;wfuoflZVh] vesfjdk esa ÁksQslj dj ukSdjh NksbM Z + ds jk¡ph dk ys vkyh \** bl iz”u ij] eq.Mk th us dgk & jkmjs eu bZ ckr ds uh cq>c ! ts [ku gkej txu ÁLrko vkyd] tutkrh; Hkk’kk foHkkx dj v/;{k@funs”kd dj :i esa foHkkx pyk;d ys] ls [ku ,ds xks ckr gkej eu esa vkyd fd ,[kus vkiu ns”k] ekVh vkmj vkfnoklh lekt dj J`.k pqdk,d dj eksdk g;A bZ csjk] >kj[k.M vkUnksyu ds txk,d dj csjk g;A vkmj bdj ys uotoku eudj Xkzt s q,V QkSt rs;kj djsd gksohA tksu [ku gej vkneh Xkzstq,V gks; tkc¡;] ls [ku m eu vkiu ckr cksysd lh[kc¡;] rc vyx jkbZt dj vkUnksyu etcwr gksoh vmj u;k jkbZt feyys] m eu jkbZt pyk; ys vxqok cuc¡;A ,lu lksbZp ds ge vesfjdk dj ukSdjh ds NksbZM+ ds pbZy vkyhA fg;k¡ vkoy dj ckn >kj[k.M {ks= dj nkSjk dbZj ds 5 xks vkfnoklh Hkk’kk vkSj 4 xks {ks=h; Hkk’kk ds feyk; ds tutkrh; ,oa {ks=h; Hkk’kk foHkkx dj xBu djy xsydA vblu es]a >kj[k.M {ks= dj yxHkx lmcdj Hkk’kk;h izfrfuf/kRo gksor jgs] vkmj gejs ,gs ykbu esa dke djsd ykxyhA MkW0 mjk¡o ds dgk & jkmj bZ R;kx ds gejs cqbZ> xsyhA ns”k vkmj vkfnoklh lekt jkmjs ds ges”kk b;kbn djhA **iwoZ dqyifr MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk th ds lkFk nwljh HksaVokrkZ 15 ebZ 1999 dks gqbAZ bl HksVa okrkZ esa MkWå ukjk;.k us eq.Mk th ls iz'u fd;k fd & vkus okys le; esa vkfnoklh Hkk"kk ,oa laLd`fr ds laj{k.k ,oa lao)Zu ds fy, ,d loZekU; fyfi dh vko';drk gksxhA bl fLFkfr esa ;fn rksyksx a flfd fyfi dks vkfnoklh Hkk"kk dh fyfi dgk tkrk rks csgrj gksrkA bl iz'u dk mÙkj nsus ls igys os eqLdqjk;s vkSj cksys & ,slk iz'u Bhd ugha gSA >kj[k.M {ks= esa rhu lewg dh vkfnoklh Hkk"kk,¡ gSa & ¼1½ vkf"Vªd Hkk"kk lewg]¼2½ nzfoM+ Hkk"kk lewg rFkk ¼3½ vk;Z Hkk"kk lewgA nzfoM+ Hkk"kk lewg okys yksx rksyksx a flfd dk fodkl dj fy;s] blds fy,nzfoM+ lewg okys yksxksa dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZA vc nwljs Hkk"kk lewg okys Hkh viuh Hkk"kk lewg ds fy,] fyfi fodflr djsaxsA **>kj[k.M vyx izkar vkanksyu ds fopkjd ,oa ofj’B usrk in~eJh MkWå jken;ky eq.Mk dgk djrs Fks & tc ys vkfnoklh lekt dj /kqedqfM+;k uh tkxh vmj v[k+M+k uh xgth rc ys vkfnoklh eudj mckj u[ksA ,[ku dj csjk esa v[kM+k txu /kqedqfM+;k gksos vmj /kqedqfM+;k esa fdrkc&dkWih] iqLrdky; laxs lekpkj i= vmj NksVeksV lnhZ&cq[kkj dj fVfd;k laxs&lax ejge iV~Vh dj lkeku Hkh jgsd pkghA **,[ku dj csjk esa vkfnoklh eu ds ns'k dj eq[; /kkjk laxs tqMd + s pkgh] laxs lax vkiu iwoZt eudj nsoy zHkk"kk laLd`frd ds cpk,d vkSj tksxk,d ys Hkh dke djsd pkgh] rcs vkfnoklh lekt dj fodkl iwjk gksohA & Jh eaxjk mjk¡o] fnukad & 12 Qjojh 2018 U;w ,fj;k] eksjgkoknh] jk¡phA 121


61- jkT; ljdkj dh ekr`Hkk"kk f'k{kk ;kstuk % dy vkSj vkt & MkW0 ukjk;.k Hkxr

fnukad dgk tkrk gS & izR;sd vkfnoklh lekt ds ikl mldh viuh fof”k’V Hkk’kk ,oa laLd`fr gSA ij fnukad D;k] vkt ds nkSj esa lHkh vkfnoklh lekt viuh fof”k’V igpku dks cjdjkj j[k ik jgh gSA ;fn ugh] arks fnukad D;ksa \ ;fn cpk;k tkuk pkfg,] rks dSls \ bl ys[k ds ek/;e ls ge >kj[k.M dh vkfnoklh Hkk’kkvksa ds ckjs esa ppkZ djsx a sA ns”k dh vktknh ds ckn ns”k ,oa jkT; esa ubZ f”k{kk uhfr ykxw gqbZA fQj Hkkjrh; f”k{kk vk;ksx ¼dksBkjh dfe”ku½ ds ckn jk’Vªh; f”k{kk uhfr ?kksf’kr dh xbZA bu lHkh uhfr;ksa esa Hkk’kk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax jgk gSA >kj[k.M esa Hkh >kj[k.M f”k{kk uhfr ykxw gSA ¼**vuqyXud & 1 ls 26] i`0 8 ls 33½ ns”k dh vktknh ds ckn fcgkj ljdkj ds f”k{kk foHkkx dk ladYi la[;k & 645 E. R. of Ranchi, 13th August 1953 ds voyksu ls irk pyrk gS fd ljdkj }kjk izkFkfed d{kkvksa esa ekr`Hkk’kk ds ek/;e ls f”k{kk fn;s tkus gsrq Øe”k% fgUnh] caxyk] mfM+;k] mnw]Z eSfFkyh] laFkkyh] mjk¡o] gks] eq.Mkjh ,oa vaxt zs h ¼,aXyksbafM;u ds fy,½ dqy 10 ¼nl½ Hkk’kkvksa dks pquk x;kA buesa la 4 ¼pkj½ tutkrh; Hkk’kk,¡ gSaA iwoZ esa fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx }kjk fo|ky;ksa esa iBu&ikBu gsrq vusdksa vf/klwpuk ,oa vkns”k tkjh fd;k x;kA muesa ls dqN bl izdkj gSa ¼iqLrdksa esa Nis vfHkys[k ds vuqlkj½ %&

28-10-1971- ¼**vuqyXud & 18½6- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i=kad & 3415] 07 tqykbZ 1973- ¼**vuqyXud & 01½7- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i=kad & 312] 15-01-1974- ¼**vuqyXud & 19½ 8- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] ladYi la[;k & 2@4830] fnukad 23-11-1974- ¼**vuqyXud & 05½9- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i=kad & 648] fnukad 08-04-1976- ¼**vuqyXud & 20½10- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i= la[;k & 2842] fnukad 23-12-1976- ¼**vuqyXud & 06½11- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] ladYi la[;k & 84] fnukad 22-01-1978- ¼**vuqyXud & 07½-

mijksDr foHkkxh; i=ksa ,oa i=kpkjksa ds laca/k esa leh{kk fd;s tkus ij] ;g iz”u mBrk gS fd & 1- bu izko/kkuksa ds jgrs gq, vkf[kj vkfnoklh Hkk’kk dk fodkl vcrd D;ksa ugha gqvk \ 2- D;k] ljdkj ugha pkgrh Fkh fd vkfnoklh lekt ds chp ekr`Hkk’kk ds ek/;e ls izkFkfed f”k{kk nh tk; \ 3- D;k] [kqn vkfnoklh lekt ds yksx ugha pkgrs gSa fd muds chp ekr`Hkk’kk vFkok vkfnoklh Hkk’kk ds ek/;e ls izkFkfed f”k{kk nh tk; \

bu ckrksa dks le>us ds fy, ;g tkuuk gksxk fd f”k{kk O;oLFkk fdu yksxksa ds gkFkksa esa gS rFkk bldk izpkj&izlkj dk rjhdk dSls gS \ vcrd Hkkjr ljdkj fu;e dkuwu esa f”k{kk O;OLFkk dk lapkyu ljdkjh fu;eksa ds vuqdwy eq[; :i ls fuEu izdkj ls lapkfyr fd;k tk jgk gS & 1- ljdkjh Ldwy&dkWyt s A 2- xSj ljdkjh Ldwy&dkWystA ;s xSj&ljdkjh Ldwy dkWyst ;k rks izkbosV :i ls py jgs gSa ;k /kkfeZd vYila[;d ;k Hkk’kk;h vYila[;d ds :i esa gSAa bu xSj&ljdkjh Ldwyksa lewg esa vkfnokfl;ksa ds Ldwy ugha ds cjkcj gSA orZeku >kj[k.M ljdkj us ljdkjh Ldwyksa esa 4- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i= la[;k & izkFkfed f”k{kk gsrq 1yh d{kk esa fgUnh ,oa vaxst z h fo’k; 850] fnukad 05-02-1960-¼**vuqyXud & 17½dks vko”;d dj j[kk gSA mlds ckn rhljh Hkk’kk fo’k; 5- fcgkj ljdkj] f”k{kk foHkkx] i=kad & 3242]

1. Gorenment of Bihar, Education Department Resolution No. - 645 E. R. of Ranchi, 13th August 1953. ¼**vuqyXud &15½ 2. Copy of letter No. VII/G14-C2/55E-6124 dated 20.12.1956, from Sri N.D.J.Rao, Esqr. I.A.S. Special officer to Gorenment, Education department to all the Divisional Inspector of School. ¼vuq0&20½3. No. VII 12-04/60-5508 Gorenment of Bihar, Education department, Resolution. Patna, the 11 October, 1961. ¼**vuqyXud & 16½-

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ds :i esa ekr`Hkk’kk fo’k; dk izko/kku gS] fdUrq vkfnoklh {ks=ksa esa vcrc izkFkfed Lrj ij tutkrh; Hkk’kk f”k{kdksa dh cgkyh ugha gks ik;h gSA >kj[k.M ljdkj esa dbZ ckj iz;kl Hkh gq,A 1yh d{kk ls 5oha d{kk rd d¡Mq[+ k+ ¼mjk¡o½] eq.Mkjh] gks] ,oa larkyh Hkk’kkvksa esa iqLrdsa Hkh Nih ij bu fo’k;ksa ds f”k{kdksa dh cgkyh ugha gksus ij ikB~; iqLrdsa csdkj gks xbZAa irk ugh]a ljdkj blds fy, xaHkhj gS Hkh ;k ugha ! o’kZ 2002 esa rr~dkyhu eq[;ea=h Jh ckcwyky ejkaMh ds le; vkfnoklh Hkk’kk dh is

dqN oDr nhft,] irk djuk g¨xkA mud¢ tkus d¢ ckn eSaus baVjusV [kaxkyuk “kq: fd;kA pan j¨t esa eq>s bruk vglkl güs yxk fd Fk¨M+h vfrfjDr is yxk fd ;gh volj gS vius Áns’k dh ekVh vkSj ;gk¡ d¢ ewyokfl;ä d¢ lkFk varjax lac/a k LFkkfir djus dkA vkSj] eSaus Qknj VÏi¨ o ukjk;.k th ls laidZ fd;kA ckrphr fQj gqÃA eSaus dgk fd eSa Á;kl d:¡xk] c’krsZ M‚- ukjk;.k d¨ esjs lkFk le;≤ ij ijke'kZ d¢ fy;s miyC/k gük g¨xkA M‚å ukjk;.k >V rS;kj g¨ x,A mld¢ ckn r¨ flyflyk py iM+kA bl n©jku eSua s eglwl fd;k fd M‚å ukjk;.k mjk¡o dh /kqu d¨ ysdj esjh vk’kadk fcYdqy fuewy Z FkhA ;g r¨ okdÃ ;¨xh gSaA fnu g¨ ;k jkr] ukjk;.k ges'kk miyC/k güs d¨ rRij g¨rsA Q‚UV d¢ fy, isij isafly ij fMtkÃu djus ls ysdj vke mi;¨xdÙkkZvä dh lqfo/kk d¢ fy;s vuojr Á;¨x vkSj “k¨/k rd ----- rÿäx flfd d¢ mn~ÒodÙkkZ M‚å ukjk;.k mjk¡o d¨ lk/kqokn! b/kj] baVjusV ls Q‚UV fMtkÃÇux dh tkudkjh d¢ vk/kkj ij eSa Q‚UV fMtkÃu esa yxk jgkA eghuä yxsA bl dke esa esjh /keZiRuh Jherh jsok dk Òh Òjiwj lg;¨x feyrk jgkA rÿäx flfd Q‚UV dk igyk laLdj.k rS;kj gqvkA ckr lsok 'kqYd dh vk;hA eSaus M‚mjk¡o ls [kqydj dgk] esjh ,d gh csVh gS ^d¢fy*] esjh bPNk gS bl Q‚UV d¢ lkFk esjh csVh dk uke tqM+s vkSj ;g Q‚UV vke y¨xä d¢ fy, fu%'kqYd miyC/k gÄ blij os lger gks x, vkSj dk;Z ckj[k.M ,oa blls lVs lhekorhZ jkT;ksa esa gSA budh viuh fof”k’V Hkk’kk&laLd`fr gSA orZeku esa bldh ils cksys fd jkexs muls ckr djuk gSaA eSaua MkW0 ukjk;.k rd [kcj Hkstok fn;kA os vk;s vkSj Jh ydM+k th ls feys] ij mu nksuksa ds chp D;k ckrsa gqbZa ;g ml le; irk ugha py ik;kA dq N gh fnu ckn 22 Qjojh 1994 dks vk;ksftr fgtyk esyk] nqedk] tks ftyk iz'kklu }kjk izcaf/kr gksrk gS] ds ,d LVkWy esa cSuj&iksLVj yxkdj os rSukr FksA iksLVj esa fy[kk gqvk Fkk & ^^dq¡M+q[k+ ,oa lkSaofj;k igkfM+;k Hkk"kk dh fyfi dk vkfo"dkjA** mu fyfi fpUgksa dks os Lo;a }kjk fodflr 22 Segment Display System ij fMLIys dj jgs FksA ,d dqM+q[k+ Hkk"kh gksus ds pyrs eq>s og fnu vkt Hkh ;kn gS vkSj orZeku esa og dk;Z >kj[k.M ,oa i0 caxky jkT; esa ykxw gks pqdk gSA

223

& Jh nsos’k Hkxr] HkwriwoZ eq[; vfHk;Urk] ih-,p-bZ-Mh-foHkkx ¼>kj[k.M½

kuEzux qoloX siki gahi iqiXxiri

(I) x;k ¼fcgkj½ ds lkfFk;ksa }kjk +¼fnukad 29-05-1997 ls 10-06-2010 rd½ MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o ds

izfr mn~xkjA QksVksxzkQ esa nk;sa ls & MkW0 fou; dqekj feJ] Jh Qf.kHkw’k.k izlkn flag ,oa Jh dqekj ’kkfUr uUnu ’kekZA

vkt Hkh oks fnu eq>s Li"V :i ls Lej.k gS tc yxHkx nks n’kd iw oZ o"kZ 1997 ds twu eghus esa nok O;olk; ls tqM+s gksus ds QyLo:Ik eSa MkŒ ukjk;.k mjk¡o ds lEidZ esa vk;kA ml le; MkŒ lkgc] vuqxzg ukjk;.k ex/k esfMdy dkWyst vLirky] x;k ¼fcgkj½ ds f’k’kq jksx foHkkx esa jsftMsUV esfMdy vkWfQlj ds in ij ;ksxnku fd;s Fks A ,d nw ljs dks tkuus ,oa le>us dss i’pkr~ gekjs chp fpfdRlk vkSj vkS"kf/k lacaf/kr ckrsa rks gksrh gh Fkha] ij os tc Hkh feyrs rks vius mjk¡ o lekt ds yks xksa }kjk iz;qD r fd;s tkus okys dqMq[k Hkk"kk ds fy;s Lora= :Ik ls ,d fyfi fodflr djus dh viuh vo/kkj.kk ,oa esfidu blds fy;s fd;s tk jgs vius iz;klksa dh tkudkjh Hkh fn;k djrs FksA ml le; rksyksax flfd] fodkl dh izkjafEHkd voLFkk esa Fkh ijUrq MkŒ lkgc dh yxu’khyrk vkSj m|e ls Li"V yx jgk Fkk fd muds iz;kl vo’; ,d fnu ifj.kke esa ifjofrZr gksa x s A muds lRiz ; kl rks eq> s dkQh iz H kkfor djrs Fks ijUrq eSa mudks bl {ks= essa dqN vf/kd lg;ksx djus dh fLFkfr esa Lo;a dks ugha ik jgk FkkA vr% eSau s vius fudVre fe=ksa MkŒ fou; dqekj feJ tks ,y-,l-egkfo|ky;] elkSk vkSj fQj muds chp fyfi fodkl ds ewy mns’; ij ppkZ,¡ gksrh jgha rFkk ;g fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd rduhd dk lgkjk fy;s fcuk vkSj dk;Z dks fcuk rduhd&vuqdqy

cuk, okafNr lQyrk izkIr ugha gksxhA geyks xksa us Mk- lkgc dks VsduksÝM sa yh gksus ds fy;s izksRlkfgr fd;k vkSj os bl fn’kk esa vxzlj gksrs x,A ,d fpfdRld ds :i esa mUgksaus vLirky rFkk ejhtksa ds fy, Hkjiwj le; fn;k rFkk vius LokLF; lsok ls le; fudkydj dEI;qVj vk/kkfjr 'kks/k dk;Z djus esa yxs jgsA x;k esa dk;Zjr jgdj MkWDVj lkgc us rksyksa x flfd ij dbZ iqLrd izdkf’kr djk;k rFkk ^^22 ls x es a V fMLIys flLVe** dk ifjekftZr Lo:i ;gha jgdj Lo;a fodflr fd;sA ;gk¡ jgrs gq, os dbZ jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjk"Vªh; dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk lsfeukj esa 'kkfey gq, vkSj vius ’kks/k dk;Z dks vkxs ckj[k.M esa dq¡ M + q [+ k Hkk"kk fo"k; dh eS fVª d ijh{kk rksyksax flfd esa Hkh fy[kh tk jgh gS rFkk if’pe ca x ky ljdkj us dq ¡ M + q [ + k Hkk"kk ¼rks y ksa x flfd fyfi ds lkFk½ dks jkT; dh 8oha ljdkjh Hkk’kk ds rkSj ij ekU;rk iznku fd;k gSA lkFk gh fnukad 17 ekpZ 2018 dks rksyksax flfd ij cuh MkWD;wesaVjh fQYe ^^ydhjsa cksyrh gSa! dk yksdkiZ.k gqvk gS] ftls ns[kdj ge lHkh xkSjokfUor gq, gSaA gesa fo’okl gS fd MkŒ mjkW o dk ifjJe fofHkUu ck/kkvksa dks ikj djrk gqvk lHkh mns’;ksa dh izkfIr djsxkA ge rhuksa fe= dh vksj ls MkŒ ukjk;.k mjk¡o ,oa muds iw js ifjokj dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ ,oa ’kqHkdkeuk,¡ A & dqekj ’kkafr uUnu ’kekZ] x;k ¼fcgkj½

224


(J) QksVks es nk;sa ls & MkW0 ,0 ds0 >k ¼,lksfl,V izksQl s j½ ,oa MkW0 ,u0 ds0 ikloku ¼,0 izkQ s slj½A

29 ebZ 1997 dks MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o] vuqxzg ukjk;.k ex/k es fMdy dkWyst vLirky] x;k ds f’k’kq jksx foHkkx esa jsftMsUV esfMdy vkWfQlj ds in ij ;ksxnku fn;sA ge lHkh jsftMsUV fpfdRldksa esa ls MkW0 ukjk;.k lcls duh; Fks] ftlds pyrs ge lcksa ds chp Lusgik= FksA vLirky esa esfMflu ,oa ltZjh foHkkx dk vkdfLedh lsok ,d gh Hkou esa LFkkfir FkkA ih-vks-Mh- ,oa ,l-vks-Mh- ds fy, ,d gh dejs esa cSBus dh O;oLFkk FkhA blfy, bejtsalh M~;wVh esa vdljgk¡ ge lcksa dh eqykdkr gks tk;k djrh FkhA QqlZr ds le; vU; dk;ksZa ds vykok >kj[k.M cuus ls iw oZ >kj[k.M vkanksyu dk ?kVukØe ds ckjs ppkZ Hkh gqvk djrh FkhA blh Øe esa fnuka d 20 Qjojh 1998 dks dqN dkxtkr ysdj MkW0 ukjk;.k }kjk MkW-,-ds->k ds ikl x;s vkSj cksys & vki ,d ltZu ds fglkc ls esj s lkfgfR;d dk;Z ds ckjs esa viuk ea r O; nhft,A eSa bls viuh iqLrd esa NiokmaxkA muds vkxzg ij MkW- >k viuk earO; fy[ks] tks o"kZ 2003 esa ^^rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl** iqLrd esa NikA oSls] bl iqLrd ds laiknu esa MkW- >k dh egrh Hkwfedk jghA dbZ o"kksZa rd ,d dSEil esa jgrs gq,] fcgkj jkT; iquxZBu&2000 ds vUrxZr 06 twu 2010 dks MkW0 ukjk;.k] x;k ¼fcgkj½ ls jk¡ p h ¼>kj[k.M½ pys x;s A b/kj tkudkjh feyh fd MkW0 ukjk;.k }kjk fodflr fyfi dks >kj[k.M ,oa i0ca xky ljdkj es a ekU;rk gS rFkk blds ek/;e ls dq¡M+q[k+ ¼mjk¡o½ lekt esa iBu&ikBu gks jgk gS ,oa eSfVªd ijh{kk Hkh fy[kh tk jgh gSA bl foy{k.k izfrHkk dks ge nksu ksa fpfdRld dh vksj ls gkfnZd c/kkbZ ,oa kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ph esa lfpo ds in ij dk;Zjr FkkA blh nkSjku ,d vkosnu ij utj iM+hA vkosnu esa dgk x;k Fkk fd gekjs Ldwy ds Nk=ksa us dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh rS;kjh dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi rksyksax flfd esa gh dh gS] vr,o gekjs cPpksa dks rksyksax flfd esa ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr nh tk,A igys eq>s vViVk lk yxk D;ksafd blds ckjs esa iwoZ esa tkudkjh ugha Fkh] ij leh{kks i jkar rr~dkyhu tSd v/;{k Lo0 MkW 0 'kkfyxzke ;kno ds lkFk foe'kZ fd;kA v/;{k egksn; us dgk & jkT; ljdkj dk o"kZ 2003 dk fu.kZ; mYys[k.kh; gS] ijUrq bl fyfi esa ikB~; iqLrd ns[ks fcuk vuqefr fn;k tkuk laHko ugha gSA bl vk'k; dks vkosndksa dks igq¡pk fn;k x;kA vkos ndksa us es gur dj 3 eghus es a ikB~; iq Lrd dk fyI;Urj.k Lo:i izLrqr fd;kA ,d vkfnoklh gksus ds ukrs esjk blij /;ku x;k fd Hkk"kk dh igpku fyfi ls gSa vkSj lekt us bls vafxdkj dj fy;k gS vkSj jkT; ljdkj dk ljdkjh fu.kZ; vf/klwfpr gSaA ;fn f'k{kk foHkkx ls ekU;rk fey tk, rks blds fodkl esa rsth vk tk,xhA blh fopkj /kkjk ds lkFk tSd v/;{k ls Lohd`fr ysdj] f'k{kk foHkkx ds lfpo ls vkns ’k izkIr dj fy;k x;kA foHkkx dk dk;Z 19-02-2009 dks iwjk gqvk] tks foKkiu ds ek/;e ls 20-02-2009 dks yksxksa rd igq¡pk vkSj Ldwy ds cPps ijh{kk fy[ksA bl ckr ls eq>s [kq'kh gqb Z gS fd eSa Hkh viuh ekr` Hkk"kk ds fodkl esa lg;ksxh cu ik;kA & Jh iksfydkiZ frdhZ lsokfuo`r] {ksf=; f'k{kk funs'kd] >kj[k.MA

eS a >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ p h es a milfpo ds in ij dk;Zjr gw¡A vius dk;kZy; esa nSfud dk;ksZa dk fu"iknu djus ds Øe esa o"kZ 2012 esa ,d fnu ,d QkbZ y ij utj iM+ h A QkbZy esa dq¡M+q[k+ lekt ds dqN yksxksa us ,d Lo;a lsoh laLFkk ds ek/;e ls ekax dh fd vn~nh v[kM+k] laLFkk dh vksj ls ,d fo|ky; pyk;k tk jgk gS] ftlesa fgUnh] vaxjsth ds lkFk dq¡M + q[k+ Hkk"kk dh ikj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡phA

228


(R) fnukad 22-02-2016 dks MkW0 jken;ky eq.Mk tutkrh; dY;k.k 'kks/k laLFkku] eksjgkcknh jk¡ph ds lHkkxkj esa rks yks³ flfd lEeku lg dq¡ qM + q[k+ Hkk"kk tutkx`fr lekjks g lEiUu gqv kA ;g lekjks g] >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ph }kjk fnukad 12-02-2016 dks dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk i= dh ijh{kk rksyks³ flfd ¼fyfi½ esa fy[ks tkus dh vuqefr iznku fd;s tkus ds vk'k; ij lekt }kjk] ljdkj dk vkHkkj O;Dr djus ds mns ’; ls vk;ks ftr fd;k x;k FkkA eq[ ; :i ls bldk vk;ks tu vn~n h dq¡ M + q[k+ pkyk /kqedqfM+;k iMgk v[kM+k ¼jft0½ ,oa vf[ky Hkkjrh; rksyksax flfd izpkfj.kh lHkk] dsUnzh; dk;kZy; jk¡ph rFkk dq¡M+q[k+ lekt ds yksxksa }kjk fd;k x;kA lekjksg ds eq[; vfrfFk >kj[k.M fo/kku lHkk] v/;{k] MkW 0 fnus’k mjk¡o] fof’k"V vfrfFk MkW0 djek mjk¡ o] MkW0 jfoUnz ukFk Hkxr] MkW 0 fo’ki fueZy feat] fo/kk;d Jh f'ko'kadj mjk¡o] vkfnoklh dY;k.k vk;qDr Jh xkSjh’kadj feat] ojh; i=dkj Jh fdly; th] Jh ca/ku frXxk] Jh ftrk mjk¡o] Jh lju mjk¡o] MkW- 'kkfUr [ky[kks vkfn mifLFkr FksA lHkh oDrkvksa us rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ esa ijh{kk fy[ks tkus dh vuqefr iznku fd;s tkus ds fy, >kj[k.M ljdkj ,oa f’k{kk foHkkx dk vkHkkj O;Dr fd;k vkSj bls dq¡M+q[k+ lekt ds fy, ,d miyfC/k dh ckr dghA bl volj ij f’k{kkfon ,oa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk ds fo}ku MkW0 fueZy feat us vius lacks/ku esa dgk fd & ¼1½ vDdq xwVh dq¡M[+q k+ dRFkk [k+cs nk uq esUnjvk yfx;k ,dyk] eqUnk vDdq bZn [k+Uu xs ,Fksj*vksA usM~Mk 12-02-2016 xs >kj[k.M ljdkj rjrh >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ph] eSfVªd ijh{kk 2016 rh dq¡M+q[k+ fo"k; gh ijh{kk rksyks³ flfd ¼fyfi½ uq fy[kvk xs vuqefr fpPpkA vDdq uke mTtuk&vksDduk uq dq¡M+ q[k+ dRFku dNu[kjvk vjk raxvk fpugk¡ rq: Vw%M+k vks³xksrA cjk uke vDdq dq¡M+q[k+ dRFku Vw%M+ksr&cpvksr njk ,%nuk tks%xs devksrA ¼2½ ,dk ck%jh ueu nsoukxjh fyfi rh raxvk v;ax dRFku VwM+uk euks] vlu uke vfnu dq¡M+q[k+ ?kks[k csls Vw%M+ksr] rcse ueg¡; mckj jv+bZA ¼3½ dq¡M+q[k+ lekt ds fy;s rksyks³ flfd dh jpuk djus okys MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o dks jk¡ph fo’ofo|ky; dh vksj ls Mh0fyV0 dh mik/kh izn ku gks ] blds fy, lkekftd lg iz’kklfud iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg,A izksQslj MkW0 djek mjk¡o us dgk fd vc le; vk x;k gS fd ge lHkh feydj lafo/kku dh 8oha vuqlwph esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dks 'kkfey djokus gsrq dk;Z djsaA MkW0 jfoUnz ukFk Hkxr us dgk fd dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk ds izpkj&izlkj gsrq dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk lIrkg euk;k tk; rFkk txg&txg ij vyx&vyx dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;s tk,¡A ekuuh; fo/kk;d] xqeyk Jh f’ko’kadj mjk¡o us dgk fd rksyks³ flfd] ,d lkekftd lg lkaLd`frd vk/kkj okyh fyfi gS] vr,o Hkk"kk&laLd`fr ds laj{k.k rFkk lao)Zu ds fy, rksyks³ flfd dks viukuk gh iM+ sxkA vkfnoklh dY;k.k vk;qDr Jh xkSj h 'kadj fea t us dgk fd dY;k.k foHkkx gh vksj ls lapkfyr fo|ky;ksa esa rksyksax flfd ls is tkudkjh feyh fd >kj[k.M esa MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o }kjk dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi fodflr dj yh xbZ gS vkSj ljdkj }kjk bls Lohd`fr fey pqdh gS rFkk Ldwyksa esa is dHkh Hkh ,slk ughs yxk fd ,d vkfnoklh Hkk"kk dh tkudkjh j[kus ls vaxjsth vkSj foKku fo"k;ksa esa vfHk:ph de gksxh] cfYd viuh ekr`Hkk"kk us esj h igpku dks vkSj vf/kd fu[kkjkA ljdkjh lsok esa fofHkUu txgksa ij mPp rduhfd inksa ij inLFkkfir gksr s gq, ekr`Hkk"kk dk Kku gesa xkSjokfUor gh fd;k gSA dkWyst ds fnuksa esa eq>s viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ds fodkl ds izfr vfHk:ph Fkh] ij eSa viuk okSf)d lg;ksx ns ikus esa lgHkkxh ugha cu ik;kA MkW Œ ukjk;.k mjk¡ o ^lSUnk* ls esjk ifjp; dkWyst ds le; ls gh gSA mUgksaus viuk dSfj;j fpfdRlk {ks= esa cuk;k vkSj eSa baftfu;fjax {ks= esaA MkWŒ ukjk;.k] is’ks ls ,d fpfdRld gks u s ds ckn Hkh viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ds fodkl ds fy, tks ;ksxnku fn;k gS] og lekt esa ges ’kk ;kn fd;k tk,xkA muds }kjk fodflr dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dh rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½] vkt >kj[k.M ljdkj esa ekU;rk izkIr gS vkSj blls eSfVªd esa dq¡M+ q[k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh ijh{kk foxr 10 o"kksZa ls fy[kh tk jgha gSA lkFk gh i0 caxky ljdkj esa Hkh ekU;rk izkIr gSA ;g tkudj gesa iz’kUurk gks jgh gS fd jk¡ph] xqeyk] yksgjnxk vkfn {ks=ksa esa lekt ds yksx Hkk"kk;h fo|ky; pyk jgs gSa] tgk¡ fgUnh ,oa vaxjsth ds lkFk dq¡Mq[+ +k Hkk"kk dh ikj[k.MA

233


(W) Qks V ks esa nk;sa ls & ekuuh; fo/kk;d Jh f'ko'kadj mjk¡o ,o dk;Zikyd vfHk;Urk] Jh fouksn dPNiA

eSa fouksn dPNi] is’ks ls baftfu;j gw¡A esjk tUe LFkku jk¡ p h esa [ks yxk¡ o ds cxy esa xkM+ h ljukVks y h gS A ;g ,d eq. Mkjh Hkk"kh xk¡ o gSA ftlds pyrs ,d mjk¡o ifjokj dk lnL; gksrs gq, Hkh eSa dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk ugha lh[k ik;kA pkgrk rks eSa Hkh gw¡ fd QVkQV dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk esa ckr d:¡ ij gks ugha ik;kA ljdkjh lsok esa fofHkUu txgksa ij inLFkkfir gksrs gq, tc eSa xqeyk igq¡pk rks eq>s dbZ txgksa ij Hkk"kk;h ihM+ k dk vglkl gqv kA vius dk;Z ds nkSj ku tc eSa xqeyk fo/kk;d Jh f’ko’kadj mjk¡o ds lkeus gksrk gw¡ rks os bl ckr ij tksj nsrs gSa fd vki cksyus dk iz;kl dhft,xk rks tYn lh[k tkb,xkA bl fn’kk esa eSa Hkh iz;kljr gw ¡ A blh nkSj ku ,d fnu ekuuh; fo/kk;d ds vkokl ij MkW Œ ukjk;.k mjk¡ o ^lSU nk* ls esj k ifjp; gqvkA is’ks ls fpfdRld us viuk cgqewY; le; nsdj dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi fodflr djus esa viuk ;ksxnku ns j[kk gSA fyfi dk uke rksyksax flfd gSA bl fyfi dks >kj[k.M ljdkj esa ekU;rk izkIr gS vkSj blls eSfVªd esa dq¡M+q[k+ Hkk"kk fo"k; dh ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr izkIr gSA ;g tkudj eq>s [kq’kh gqbZ fd MkWŒ mjk¡o ds vFkd iz;kl ds ckn vkfnokfl;ksa dh laLd`fr dks dk;e j[kus gsrq bl fyfi dk vUos ’k.k gq v k gS ] ftldk vk/kkj vkfnokfl;ksa dk igukok] jhfr&fjokt] ijEijkxr iqtk&ikB rFkk nSfud dk;Z dyki gSA gesa bu /kjksgjksa dks lajf{kr ,oa lqjf{kr j[kus dh fn’kk esa lgHkkxh cuuk pkfg,A

(X) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Jh lR;nso eq.Mk ,oa MkW-

ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk*A

NksVkukxiqj dh /kjrh jRuxHkkZ rks gS gh] ;g /kjrh & ikjEifjd Hkk"kk] la L d` fr] jhfrfjokt] laLdkj ls Hkh vR;Ur lEiUu gSA esjh utj esa ;g /kjrh Hkk"kk oS K kfudks a ,oa yks d lkfgR; ds v/;rkvksa ds fy, Hkh ,d v{k; fuf/k ekuh tk ldrh gSA bUgha jRuxHkkZ /kjrh esa eq.Mk] mjk¡o] [kfM+;k] gks] larkyh vkfn eq[; tutkfr;k¡ jgrh gSa] ftudh viuh vfr izkphu le`) Hkk"kk 'kSyh gSA ;g loZfofnr gS fd fdlh Hkh laL d`fr dk Jà xkj mldh viuh Hkk"kk gS rFkk ml Hkk"kk dk Jàxkj ml Hkk"kk dh viuh fyfi gSA bu le`) Hkk"kkvksa dh le`) ijEijkvksa esa ls dq¡M+q[+k ¼mjk¡o½ Hkk"kk dh viuh fyfi u gksus ds pyrs ;g vius ewy vfLrRo ls dVrs tk jgh FkhA ,sls gh le; esa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* th] d¡qMq[+k Hkk"kk dh fyfi] rks yks ³ flfd rS;kj dj dq¡ M + q[+ k Hkk"kk esa tku Mky fn;s gaSaA esjk ;g fo’okl gS fd fudV Hkfo"; esa rksyks³ flfd ls izsj.kk xzg.k dj Nk= ,oa ’kks/kkFkhZ ,sls vus d ’kks/kxza Fk fy[k ldsaxs tks dq¡Mq[+ k+ Hkk"kk dh lexz lEink dks mtkxj dj ikus esa leFkZ fl) gkssxkA

& Jh fouksn dPNi] xkM+h ljukVksyh] jk¡phA 234

& lR;nso eq.Mk Hkkjrh; Hkk"kk laLFkku] eSljw Hkkjrok.kh ifj;kstuk fjlkslZ ilZu >kj[k.M ,oa fcgkjA


(Y) QksVks esa] nk;sa ls &a MkW0 nso’kj.k Hkxr ,oa

(Z) QksVks esa nk;sa ls & Jh t;jke mjk¡o ¼>kj[k.M

Jherh lqfp=k HkxrA

vkanksyudkjh lsukuh½ ,oa MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk*A

esjs ifr crykrs gSa fd os vkSj MkW0 ukjk;.k] Loyksgjk mjk¡o ¼esjs llqj th½ dh ckrsa /;ku ls lqurs FksA esjs llqj th ges'kk dgk djrs Fks fd viuh Hkk"kk dHkh er NksM+ukA Hkk"kk NksM+us ij rqEgkjh igpku feV tk,xhA mUgha ds izsj.kk ls geyksx Hkk"kk cpko dh fn’kk esa dk;Z djus yxsA ckn esa MkW0 Hkxr vius lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk >kj[k.M vyx izkar vkUnksyu esa lØh; gks x;s tgk¡a Hkk"kk&laLd`fr cpko dh ckr Hkh mBus yxhA Nk= vkUnksyu esa tqM+s jgus ds pyrs MkW0 ukjk;.k us Hkh iz.k fy;k fd vkfnoklh tu vkUnksyu dh lsok esa ukSdjh ds lkFk lkfgR; ds {ks= esa lkekftd ;ksxnku nsaxs vkSj mUgksaus oSlk gh fd;kA esfMdy dh iku es a Hkh deh gSA D;k] lekt ds yks xks a dks bldh fpUrk ugha gS\ eSa u s 2010 es a ,d dq¡ M + q [k+ & va x js t h ek/;e Ldwy esa ,d funs'kd ds :i esa dk;Z fd;k gSA vc eS a Li"V : i ls dg ldr k gw ¡ fd Hkk"kk&la L d`f r dks cpkus ds fy, Ldw y h f'k{kk es a Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi ¼rks y ks a x flfd½ dks ek/;e cukdj ekr`Hkk"kk ds ek/;e ls cPpksa dh f'k{kk vkjaH k djs aA bl fn'kk es a fllbZ & Hkjuks Fkkuk {ks = es a gks jgs lkekftd dk;ksZa dh ljkguk djrk gw¡A fllbZ&Hkjuks Fkkuk {ks= esa xzke Lrj ij /kqedqfM+;k dks iquthZfor fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk dbZ xk¡o feydj Ldwy Lrj esa ubZ ,oa iqjkuh iBu&ikBu O;oLFkk dks dk;Z:i fn;k tk jgk gSA mEehn gS] ljdkj ,oa ljdkjh laLFkku bl vfHk;ku es a lgHkkfxrk fuHkk,¡ xs A

& Jh fouksn Hkxr] >kj[k.M vkUnksyudkjh lsukuhA

eq>s viuh lkaLd`frd igpku dh ?kksj deh dk vuqHko lu~ 1963 bZ0 esa gqvk] tc eSa ,p0bZ0lh0 jkaph esa lsok ;ksxnku fn;kA ,p0bZ0lh0 dk fuekZ.k dk;Z pks d ks L yks o kfd;k ,oa :l ds lg;ks x ls vkja Hk gqv kA ps dksL ykso kfd;k ,oa :l ds ftrus Hkh fo'ks"kK vk;s muds lkFk ,d efgyk vuqoknd gksrh Fkh] tks Hkkjrh; fo'ks"kKksa ds lkFk nqHkkf"k;k (interpreter) dk dk;Z djrh FkhA vFkkZr :l ,oa ps d ksL ykso kfd;k ds fo'ks "kK] va xz s th ugha cks yrs FksA os flQZ viuh ekr`Hkk"kk esa gh ckr djrs FksA blls irk pyrk gS fd :l dh viuh lkaLd`frd igpku fdruh lqn `ls NksVs ,d HkkbZ vkSj ,d cgu dh ikj[k.M rFkk i- caxky ljdkj esa ekU;rk izkIr gSA vc lekt ds yksx vkxs vk;sa vkSj va x js t h&fgUnh ds lkFk dq ¡ + M + q[ + k Hkk"kk ,oa rks y ks a x flfd esa i s [kq’kh gks rh FkhA MkW - ukjk;.k mjk¡ o ls esj k ifjp; Ldwy ds le; ls gh gSA o"kZ 1979 esa eSfVd djus ds ckn vyx&vyx fo"k;ksa esa is cgqr [kq’kh gqbZ vkSj esjs eu esa Hkh vius lekt ds chp jkstxkj mUeq[k f’k{kk fo"k; ij dk;Z djus dh bPNk txhA vkt dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk ,oa rksyksax flfd dks >kj[k.M rFkk i- caxky ljdkj ls ekU;rk iz k Ir gS A vc lekt ds yks x vkxs vk;s a vkS j Hkk"kk&lkfgR; ds fodkl es a viuh Hkw f edk fuHkk,¡ A blh lksp ds lkFk eSaus cSad lsok ds Ldsy 4 ds in ls ,s f PNd lso kfuo`f r ys d j xk¡ o ykSV vk;kA es j h bPNk gSa & xk¡o esa ,d vPNk lkekftd Ldwy [kqys tgk¡ vaxjsth&fgUnh ds lkFk dq¡+qM+[+k Hkk"kk ,oa rksyksax flfd esa iij ,d ftEesnkjh lkSaih] og ftEesnkjh gS & dq¡ M + q[+ k dRFk rks y ks a x flfd lql kj lHkk ds v/;{k in dkA ,d efgyk gksdj Hkh eSaus bl in ds fy, ukfer gksus esa gkeh Hkj nh vkSj foxr 3 o"kks Za ls fuHkk jgh gw¡ A bl lHkk dh ftEesn kjh gS dq¡M+q[+k Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi dh f’k{kk esa lkeatL; LFkkfir djukA bl lHkk }kjk izR ;s d o"kZ 12 Qjojh dks dq¡ M+q[+k rksyks ax flfd Hkk"kk fnol euk;k tkrk gSA ;g Hkk"kk fnol] cPps vkSj vfHkHkkod lkFk feydj vk;kst u fd;k djrs gSaA & Jherh lqefr mjk¡ o ] v/;{k]dq¡ - Hkk-rks - fl-lq- lHkkA

238


(ZK) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Qk0 tsEl VksIiks] MkWukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* ,oa Qk0 ,ysDl frdhZA

(ZL) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Qk0 fQyeksu ,Ddk ,oa Qk0 jathr ydM+k] ,oa Qk0 lq’khy frjdhA

rksyksa x] vkfnokfl;ksa ds chp urZd iq:"k fo’ks " kKks a dh ija i jkxr os ’ kHkw ’ kk FkhA vkt Hkh lkeq fgd u` R ;ks a es a ;gk¡ &ogk¡ bldh izn ’kZu h gks tk;k djrh gSA xk;u vkSj u`R;] vkfnokfl;ksa ds nq%[kiw.kZ thou esa Hkh vk’kk] viuh esgur esa larqf"V vkSj dqN Hkh gks] ge lkFk jgdj [kq’k gSa vFkkZr lkekftdrk esa [kq’kgkyh dk lka ds frd fpUg gSA vkfnoklh thou ds bl vifjgk;Z vk;ke esa rksyksax dk egRo vius gh uk ugha pkgrs gSaA dSlh foMacuk gS ;g fd vuk;Z ;k nzf oM+ Hkk"kk ds ys [ku ds fy, vk;Z la L d`f r dh fyfi ns o ukxjh dks vk¡ [k ew ¡ n dj Lohdkj djus dk iz;kl j[kk tk;A MkW0 ukjk;.k mjk¡o us rksyksax flfd dk vkfo"dkj dj rFkk bl vkfo"dkj es a orZeku oSK kfudrk dh eks gj Nki Mkydj bfrgkl esa ,d u;s ;qx dk iz k nq H kkZ o djk;k gSA & Qk0 tsEl VksIiks] ,l0ts0 ¼lkHkkj % rksyksax flfd dk mn~Hko vkSj fodkl½ i`’B la[;k : III - IV

rksyksax flfd] ,d mrjh nzfoM+ Hkk"kk] dqM+q[k+ dh fyfi gSA bls dqM+q[k+ lekt ds yksxksa }kjk gh fodflr fd;k x;k gS A o"kZ 2008&09 es a eS a dkFkksfyd izsl] jk¡ph dk izk’kklfud funs’kd FkkA blh nkSjku 2008 ds vDVqcj eghus esa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk* ,oa Qk- vxfLru dsj ds V~V k eq>ls feyus vk;s vkSj ,d iz’u fd;kA MkW- ukjk;.k us dgk & dqM+q[k+ dRFku uhfue cNkcvk vksaXxks; ! bnh xs uhu uy[k uuk fpvkA ,slh ckr lqudj eq> s vViVk yxk rFkk eq>ij fd;k x;k O;a x tSlk yxkA fQj Hkh eSa iwNk & ,aXxu ,Unsj uuuk euks\ rc mUgksua s dgk & ,d VkbZfiLV ns nhft,! bl ij eSaus dgk & ,d VkbZfiLV nsus ls ;fn dqM+ q[k+ Hkk"kk dk cpko gksr k gS rks ys yhft,A blij nksuksa cgqr [kq’k gq, vkSj rc viuk iz;kstu cryk;kA fQj yxHkx 3 eghus rd yEcs tn~nkstgn ds ckn 10oha d{kk dk iqL rd] rksyksa x flfd esa fyI;Urj.k fd;k gqvk igyk fdrkc 2009 ds tuojh eghus esa Nik] tks >kj[k.M vf/kfo| ifj"kn] jk¡ph ,oa ekuo lalk/ku foHkkx ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fy, rksyksax flfd fyfi esa ijh{kk fy[kus dh vuqefr fnykus esa ennxkj cukA bl ckr dh ppkZ Lo;a MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o us fnukad 20 Qjojh 2021 dks irjkVksyh] yksgjnxk esa v;ksftr dqM+q[k+ Hkk"kk fnol] lekjksg ds volj ij dgkA vkt rksyksax flfd] dks >kj[k.M ,oa if’pe caxky esa ekU;rk fey pqdk gSA eq>s [kq’kh gS fd blds fodkl esa eSa Hkh lgHkkxh cu ik;kA & Qk0 jathr ydM+k] ,l0ts0] yksgjnxkA


(ZM) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Jh f’ko’kadj dkaMs;ksax] dk;Zi kyd inkf/kdkjh] lh-,l-vkj-] VkVk LVhy ,oa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk*A

eSa f’ko’ka dj dkaMs;ksax] VkVk LVhy QkmUMs’ku ds lh-,l-vkj- foHkkx es a dk;Zi kyd inkf/kdkjh gw ¡A es j k tUe te’ks n iq j ’kgj ds ,d gks vkfnoklh ifjokj esa gqvkA gks ifjokj dk lnL; gksus ds pyrs eSa vius ekrk&firk ls gks Hkk"kk lh[kk rFkk te’ksniqj ’kgj es a jgrs gq , fgUnh] va xjs t h] ca xyk] la r kyh] eq . Mkjh] Hkw f et vkfn lh[k fy;kA Ldw y h f’k{kk te’ksn iqj esa iwj h dh vkSj mPp f’k{kk gsrq ts- ,u-;w] ubZ fnYyh pyk x;kA Vkmu Iykfua x es a xzs t q, ’ku djus ds ckn eq>s VkVk LVhy QkmUMs’ku ds lh-,lvkj- foHkkx es a dk;Zi kyd inkf/kdkjh ds in ij dk;Z djus dk volj feykA eq>s vius foHkkxh; dk;ksaZ esa vkfnoklh ekeys dk dk;Z ns [kuk iM+ r k gS ] ftles a lh-,l-vkj- dh vks j ls vkfnoklh fodkl dk;Z gs r q >kj[k.M es a dks y gku {ks = gSA bu {ks =ks a es a vkfnoklh Hkk"kk ,oa laL d`fr ds la j{k.k ,oa lao )Zu ij dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA bl fn’kk es a la r kyh] gks ] eq.Mkjh] Hkw f et] dq¡M+q[k+ ,oa fcjlkbZr lekt ds chp Hkk"kk ,oa fyfi laj{k.k gsrq dbZ lsUVj pyk;s tk jgs gSaA blh Øe esa fnukad 29 tuojh 2020 dks foHkkxh; inkf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk vkfnoklh lekt ds yks x ks a ds chp vkilh foe’kZ gs rq cSBd gqb Z ftles a MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡ o Hkh ’kfey gq,A cSBd es a MkW- ukjk;.k us ekax j[kh fd Vh-lh-lh dk dk;Z xqeyk&yksgjnxk {ks= esa Hkh fd;k tk,] ftlls dq¡M + q[k+ ¼mjk¡ o ½ yks x Hkh ykHkfUor gks lds a A muds lq> ko ij eSa dq¡ M + q[k+ Hkk"kk fnol ds volj ij vk;ksf tr dk;ZØe fllbZ ¼xqeyk½ esa 12 Qjojh 2021 dks rFkk irjkVksyh ¼yksgjnxk½ esa 20 Qjojh 2021 dks ’kkfey gqvkA bu {ks=ks a esa dq¡ M+ q[k+ Hkk"kk rFkk rksyksax flfd ¼fyfi½ ds lao)Zu gsrq fd;k tk jgk dk;Z iz’ka l.kh; ,oa mRlkg o)Zd gSA

& f’ko’kadj dkaMs;ksax] te’ksniqjA

(ZN) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Qk- vxfLru dsjdsV~Vk] Qk- jQk,y VksIiks ,oa MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk*]A

eS a jQk,y Vks I iks ] xqe yk ftyk ds Ns N kM+ h {ks = dk jgus okyk gw ¡ A es j k tUe dq ¡ M + q [ k+ Hkk"kh ifjokj esa gqvkA ftlds pyrs cpiu ls gh ekr`Hkk"kk dq ¡ M + q[k+ lh[kus dk volj feykA Ldw y h f’k{kk ds nkS j ku eq> s fgUnh ,oa va x js t h lh[kuk iM+ k vkS j vkxs cs ekuo’kkL= esa ,e-,- rFkk ih-,p-Mh- djus dk volj feykA v/;;u rFkk v/;kiu ds nkSjku viuh ekr`H kk"kk vkSj laLd`fr ds la j{k.k dh vks j esj k /;ku vkd`"V gqvkA o"kks Za igys ikj[k.M ljdkj esa gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa vius vYilaa[;d Ldwyksa ds f’k{kdksa ,oa iqjksfgrksa ds lkFk foe’kZ fd;kA foe’kZ es a nks rjg dh ckrsa izd k’k es a vk;hA dqN yks x ns o ukxjh fyfi es a gh i>d gS fd ;fn ,d Hkk"kk dks izksRlkgu feyus ij nwljs Hkk"kh ukjkt gksaxsA ijUrq orZeku ifjos’k esa ubZ f’k{kk uhfr 2020 ds vkjaHk gksus ij >kj[k.M esa ikap vkfnoklh Hkk"kk dks ekr`Hkk"kk ds :i esa f’k{k.k dk volj feys xkA ,sl s esa fgUnh rFkk vaxjst h ds lkFk rhljk Hkk"kk fo"k; ds :i es a ekr` H kk"kk dh ikj[k.M fo/kku lHkk] jk¡ph ds ekuuh; v/;{k] MkW0 fnus’k mjk¡o ls rFkk tSd ds vf/kdkfj;ks a ls dbZ ckj feyk vkSj lcds lg;ks x ls 12 Qjojh 2016 dks rks y ks a x flfd ls ijh{kk fy[kus dh lkoZtfud ?kks "k.kk gks xbZA

b/kj tkudkjh feyh gS fd bl fyfi dks >kj[k.M ,oa i0caxky esa jktdh; Hkk"kk dk ntkZ fey x;k gSA bl vFkd ifjJe ds fy, blls tqM+s cqf )thfo;ks a ,oa lekt ls f o;ks a dks gkfnZd c/kkbZ ,oa 'kqH kdkeuk,a nsr k gwa A & M‚ fcjlk mjk¡o] iwoZ v/;{k] dsaæh; ljuk lfefr] jk¡ph ¼iwoZorhZ fcgkj½

& Jh ftrk mjk¡o] fnukad % 12 Qjojh 2016

lfpo] vn~nh v[kM+k] jk¡phA

rksyksa t

q

cqf)th

240

16

jojh


(ZQ) QksVks es nk;sa ls & Jh ,y-,e- mjk¡o ,oa MkW-

(ZR) QksVks es nk;sa ls %& MkW- ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^^lSUnk**]

ukjk;.k mjk¡o ^lSUnk*A

,oa MkW0 fcUnq igkuA

dq ¡ M + q [k+ Hkk"kk] lkfgR; ,oa fyfi fodkl ds bfrgkl es a ] es j s fy, o"kZ 1994 dk le; vR;a r lq[kn Fkk] tc eSa TRACE cqysfVu] izos’kkad 13-041994 dks fljkflrk izdk’ku] djeVksyh PkkSd] jk¡ph&1 ds cSuj ls Niok dj yksxksa rd ig¡wpkus esa ek/;e cukA TRACE dk vFkZ gS Tribal Research Analysis Communication & Education. bl laLFkk ds inkf/ kdkjh fuEuor euks fur Fks & MkW 0 ukjk;.k mjk¡ o % funs’kd] Jh ,-,e-[ky[kks % v/;{k] Jh jkts ’k dqtwj % mik/;{k] Jh foosdkuUn Hkxr % egklfpo] Jh ,y,e- mjk¡ o % la ;qDr lfpo rFkk Jh cgqj k mjk¡o % dks"kk/;{kA TRACE ds ek/;e ls Lo0 dkfrZd mjk¡o dh thouh rFkk dq ¡ M + q [ k+ rks y ks a x flfd ¼vkja f Hkd o.kZekyk+ ½ izd kf’kr dh xbZ FkhA orZeku es a dq¡ M + q[k+ rks y ks a x flfd] dq¡ M + q [ k+ Hkk"kk dh fyfi ds :i es a >kj[k.M ,oa i0 ca xky jkT; es a ljdkjh Lrj ij LFkkfir gks pqdk gSA

eS a ,-ch-,e-dkW y s t ] te’ks n iq j es a vFkZ ’ kkL= fo"k; esa ojh; O;k[;krk ds in ij dk;Zjr gw¡A esjh f’k{kk&nh{kk jk¡ p h fo’ofo|ky;] jk¡ p h ls gq b Z gS A viuh i

Tolong Siki Kũṛux Katthpu:n. तोलोङ सिकि कुँड़ुख़ कत्थपून. (तोलोङ सिकि कुँड़ुख़ साहित्यमाला)

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