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Article Cite This: ACS Omega 2019, 4, 2410−2417
http://pubs.acs.org/journal/acsodf
Traditional Electrodeposition Preparation of Nonstoichiometric TinBased Anodes with Superior Lithium-Ion Storage Yuxia Liu,†,‡ Lan Wang,§ Kai Jiang,*,† and Shuting Yang*,† †
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China Henan Chemical Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P. R. China § Henan Huarui High-Tech Materials Co., Ltd., Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China ‡
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S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: Herein, nonstoichiometric structured tin-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries were directly prepared by a simple and traditional electrodeposition method. These tinbased anodes show high electrode capacity, excellent rate performance, and superior stable cycling stability, which delivers an outstanding reversible capacity of 728 mAh g−1 at the current density of 100 mA g−1 after 400 cycles. When cycled at the current density of 6 A g−1 for 250 cycles, the capacity of the tin-based anode was kept at about 300 mAh g−1. The tin-based anode with its nonstoichiometric structure can effectively overcome the volume expansion, stabilize the electrode structure, and enhance the cyclic stability through structural reconstruction. By improving the traditional preparation method, the excellent electrochemical anode can be obtained, which may greatly promote the commercial application of alloy mechanism anode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
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INTRODUCTION During the past few decades, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) was considered as one of the most remarkable energy storage devices for electric devices, vehicles, and regional power grids, owing to their advantages of high energy density, long cycling life, cost effectiveness, and environmental benignity.1−3 However, alternative anode materials with higher theoretical capacities are highly desired to improve the performance of LIBs.4,5 As a nontoxic and abundant metal element with high electrical conductivity, the tin (Sn) anode has attracted much attention because of its theoretical capacity of 992 mAh g−1 (Li22Sn5). The appropriate working potential (0.3−0.6 V) of Sn makes the advantages more prominent than graphite (
