TRENDS
is a new text from McMaster University designed to teach chemical engineers-both senior students and practicing engineers-how to approach large and complex engineering problems via simulation. The book is the result of Jive years of use by student teams of the Pacer computerprogram (CEP, 62 ( 6 ) ,49-58, 1966) plus access to the plants, data, and processes of seueral Canadian chemical, petroleum, and petrochemical companies. The McMaster text bases its examples on the sulfuric acid plant simulation reported in CEP but benefits as well from experience gained with students working on an H2SO4 design project, simulation of an alkylation unit in a Shell Canada rejinery, and simulation of a Buyer alumina process operated by Aluminum Co. of Canada. "Chemical Plant Simulation"
Behavior of fluid beds has been studied by photographic techniques, revealing particle flow patterns and bubble distributions in two-dimensional fluid beds. These techniques,
including x-radiography, have now been applied successfully to the study of threedimensional beds by E. Lyall, Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, England [Brit. Chem. Eng., 14 ( 4 ) ) 501-6 (1969)I. The various techniques described and discussed may well have a wider afiplication.
Estimating heat transfer rate in media containing soot particles can be complicated by one's inability to predict from jirst princ$les the amount of soot formed as a given function of combustion pattern. Therefore, the problem of measuring soot concentration cannot be separated from that of calculating soot emission. W. H. Dalzell and A . F. Sarfojm, Department of Chemical Engineering, M I T [ J . Heat Transfer, Trans. ASME, 91E ( I ) , 100-4 (1969)l attack the problem. Through the double-barreled approach of in situ measurement of soot concentration and particle size distribution by optical method and the evaluation of rate of emission from a cloud of soot particles as a function of concentration and temperature distribution.
on both the local and overall scales, available in the literature and of interest to chemical engineering, are discussed in a review by D . P. Haughey and G. S. G. Beveridge, Departments of Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh and Heriot- W a t t University, Edinburgh, Scotland, in the April I969 issue of the Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. Regular and random packings of uniformly sized spheres are analyzedjrst to provide a basis for the later examination of the more general cases of random-packed beds containing particles of ziarious sizes and shapes, with or without restraining surfaces. Some structural properties of packed bed systems
Improving corrosion performance of chemical plants by using more corrosionresistant material, better chemical and electrochemical control of the environment, and improved plant design are examined with respect to titanium, zirconium, and tantalum by J. B. Cotton and I. R. Scholes, Imperial Metal Industries Ltd., Kynock Works, Witton, Birmingham, England [Chem. Eng., 47 ( Z ) , 89-95 (1969)]. The advantages and limitations of alloying anodic passivation and cathodic protection and inhibitors are described, and the development of lining and cladding methods i s reuiewed. 2
I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G CHEMISTRY
