Triboelectric Nanogenerator Enhanced Nanofiber Air Filters for Efficient Particulate Matter Removal Guang Qin Gu,†,‡,§,⊥ Chang Bao Han,†,‡,⊥ Cun Xin Lu,†,‡,§ Chuan He,†,‡ Tao Jiang,†,‡ Zhen Liang Gao,†,‡ Cong Ju Li,*,†,‡ and Zhong Lin Wang*,†,‡,∥ †
Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China § University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China ∥ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States ‡
S Supporting Information *
ABSTRACT: We developed a high-efficiency rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (R-TENG) enhanced polyimide (PI) nanofiber air filter for particulate matter (PM) removal in ambient atmosphere. The PI electrospinning nanofiber film exhibited high removal efficiency for the PM particles that have diameters larger than 0.5 μm. When the R-TENG is connected, the removal efficiency of the filter is enhanced, especially when the particle diameters of the PM are smaller than 100 nm. The highest removal efficiency is 90.6% for particles with a diameter of 33.4 nm and the highest efficiency enhancement reaches 207.8% at the diameter of 76.4 nm where the removal efficiency enhanced from 27.1% to 83.6%. This technology with zero ozone release and low pressure drop offers an approach for air cleaning and haze treatment. KEYWORDS: triboelectric nanogenerator, electrospinning, polyimide nanofiber, particulate matter, air filter
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properties usually pose more serious adverse consequences on human health than the large sized particles,21,22 such as stroke damage exacerbated and persistent ventriculomegaly, neurochemical disruption, and glial activation preferentially.23,24 Nowadays, electrostatic precipitation and fibrous filter are widely utilized to remove PM. The electrostatic precipitators capture PM through generating high electric field and charging the particles electrically.25 One major drawback of the electrostatic precipitators is that they inevitably ionize air, and hence produce ozone, which cause negative effects on human health with the possibility of causing cancer.26,27 As for fibrous filters, they use different types of fibrous filters, such as high efficiency particulate air filter (HEPA), polymer nanofiber films, and so forth to remove the PM. The fibrous filters have the advantage of high efficiency to remove the particles larger than the holes because of the multilayer microfiber/nanofiber structure. However, the pressure drop increases with the dust
n recent years, air pollution caused by atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has become more and more serious due to rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing energy consumption.1−6 Haze, mainly caused by the PM pollution, has a severe impact on human health, traffic, communication, and even global climate.7−10 Generally, PM particles are grouped as coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles (UFPs) with aerodynamic diameters within 2.5−10 μm (PM10), < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), and 300. A hand-held particle counter (3016-IAQ, Lighthouse), a scanning moblility particle sizer (SMPS 3938L75, TSI), and an aerodynamic particle sizer (3321, TSI) were used to detect the PM particle number concentration before and after filtration. The removal efficiency was calculated by comparing the number concentration before and after filtration. Pressure Drop and Ozone Measurement. The pressure drop was measured by a differential pressure gauge (Testo 510), and the gas velocity was tested by an anemometer (Testo 450-V1). Ozone was tested by an ozone monitor (aeroQUAL, series 200). Characterization. The SEM images were taken by FEI Quanta FEG 450 SEM with an acceleration voltage of 5 kV for imaging. The transmittance of the films is taken by an ultraviolet−visible-nearinfrared spectrophotometer (UV 3600).
ASSOCIATED CONTENT S Supporting Information *
The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02321. Nanostructures on the surface of kapton film; enhancement ratio of PM removal efficiency in the diameter region of 15−550 nm (PDF)
AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Authors
*E-mail:
[email protected]. *E-mail:
[email protected]. ORCID
Zhong Lin Wang: 0000-0002-5530-0380 Author Contributions ⊥
CONCLUSION A high-efficiency R-TENG enhanced PI nanofiber air filter was developed for PM removal. The PI nanofiber filter exhibited high removal efficiency for the PM particles with diameter larger than 0.5 μm. When working with the R-TENG, the removal efficiency of the filter is enhanced, especially in the region with the diameter of the particles in the PM smaller than 100 nm. The highest enhancement is 207.8% at the diameter of 76.4 nm where the removal efficiency enhances from 27.1% to 83.6% and the highest removal efficiency is 90.6% at the diameter of 33.4 nm. What is more, the pressure drop of the filter does not increase and there is no ozone produced. This
G.Q.G. and C.B.H. contributed equally to this work.
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support from the “thousands talents” program for the pioneer researcher and his innovation team, the National Key R & D Project from Minister of Science and Technology (2016YFA0202704), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51432005, 51608039, 5151101243, and 51561145021), and Natural Science Foundation of Beijing, China (Grant No. 4154090) is appreciated. 6215
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02321 ACS Nano 2017, 11, 6211−6217
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