NEWS OF THE WEEK PHARMACEUTICALS
TUFTS REPORT ANTICIPATES UPTURN Cites drugmakers' actions to accelerate drug development
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ESPITE A CONTINUED DE-
cline in the number of new drug approvals in the U.S. since the mid-1990s, Tufts Center for the Study ofDrug Development takes an optimistic tone in its annual pharmaceutical industry outlook, published last week. Drug developers are positioned to reverse the downtrend, according to the Tufts center's "Outlook 2006," as a result of efforts to incorporate new discovery tools such as pharmacogenomics and to accelerate the pace of translating basic research into viable drug candidates. The report also cites efforts at major drug companies to manage clinical trials more aggressively. The Tufts report arrives along with new statistics indicating that FDA approved only 20 new drugs last year, down from 36 in 2004. Albert L. Rauch, a drug industry analyst at A.G. Edwards & Sons, says the downturn is largely the result of a thinning of the early-stage pipeline during the boom years of the late 1990s. Rauch sees this thinning in the context of a natural R&D cycle in the pharmaceutical industry compounded by the advent of new technologies and disciplines, such as genomics, that will take years to show results. Robert R. RuffoloJr., president of Wyeth Research, says he is not surprised at the drop in new drugs coming to market given the high number of approval delays last year. Among the drug candidates for which FDA delayed approval last year are Pargluva, a diabetes treatment from Bristol-Myers Squibb and Merck, and Exubera, Pfizer's inhaled insulin. In the wake of safety problems with drugs such as Merck's Vioxx, WWW.CEN-0NLINE.ORG
Ruffolo says these delays may indicate that FDA is becoming more conservative with treatments that are not given fast-track priority status. "FDA says there is no appreciable change post-Vioxx, but I'm not sure," he says. Wyeth plans to have six New Drug Applications before FDA this year. Rauch says he sees no change in FDA's approval process, despite last year's safety concerns. He says the agency has dealt with safety primarily by stepping up labeling, issuing 45 "black box" warnings, the most severe safety label, in just the first half of 2005, compared with 32 in all of 2004. Rauch adds that the shift in corporate resources to postapproval clinical trials has drawn money and resources away from research and trials on new drug candidates. CLIMATE
D0WNSL0PE New drug approvals in the U.S. have declined since the mid-1990s Number of approvals 120
All NCEs
1984-86 1987-89 1990-92 1993-951996-98 1999-01 2002-04 NOTE: NCEs are new chemical entities, therapeutic compounds never used or tested in human subjects. Data plotted are for each three-year period SOURCE: Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development
The Tufts center's report anticipates that FDA will continue to rely on postmarketing studies to monitor safety, while encouraging greater use of exploratory investigational new drug studies to improve clinical trial results. As for the drug companies, the report says they will need to improve drug development processes with new analytical and information management techniques. And it forecasts that joint development partnerships will play an important role.-RICK MULLIN
C H A N G E
Six Countries Vow To Fight Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Protect Economic Growth
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he U.S., Australia, Japan, China, India, and South Korea have announced the creation of eight working groups to study and promote technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Representatives of the six industrialized countries, collectively called the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development & Climate, agreed to the initiative at a meeting held Jan. 1112 in Sydney, Australia. The working groups will focus on cutting emissions from fossil energy use; increasing renewable energy and distributed generation; cleaning up power generation and transmission; reducing emissions from the steel, aluminum, cement, and coal-mining industries; and setting standards for buildings and appliances. To fund the program, Australia pledged $100 million to the partnership to be spent over five years to support a range of environmental-
ly friendly projects. In his 2007 proposed budget, President George W. Bush will be requesting $52 million to support partnership efforts. In its communique, the partnership notes that fossil fuels "underpin our economies" and "will be an enduring reality for our lifetimes and beyond." It vowed not to sacrifice economic growth in the effort to combat climate change. Environmental groups call the efforts of the Asia-Pacific partnership minuscule in comparison with the billions of dollars of investment for deploying clean technologies that have been generated by the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "The few million dollars on the table are paltry, nowhere near enough to develop new technologies and certainly not enough to get them into widespread use," says Philip E. Clapp, president of the National Environmental Trust.-BETTE HILEMAN
C & E N / J A N U A R Y 23, 2006
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