two practical solutions to solvent problems
METHYLPYRROLIDONE and BUTYROLACTONE These two heterocyclic solvents are a source of new ideas and techniques in production areas which concern the polymer chemist, the coating formulator, the processor interested in such diverse fields as wire insula tion enamels, acetylene recovery, degreasing, pigment dispersion, resin removal, germicides and insecticides. Combining optimum solvency with maximum safety in industrial handling, this stable lactam and this versatile lactone each offer many special features: » high solvent capacity » good hydrolytic and thermal stability » wide organic-solvent and water miscibility » high boiling and low freezing points
» noncorrosiveness • ease of recovery » low vapor hazard
Βutyrolactone
N-Methyl-2 pyrrolidone
Structure =0
ko/"
=0
CH3
bp (°C)
202
204
mp (°C)
-24
-44
flash ρ (°F>
204
209
sp gr 25/4°C
1.03
1.12
viscosity cp at 25°C
1.7
1.7
completely miscible with
water, most organic solvents
water, methanol, acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, monochlorobenzene (immiscible with aliphatic hydrocarbons)
POLYMERS-Solvents of unusual utility, Methylpyrrolidone and Butyrolac· tone can be effectively used for a wide range of resins, including PVA, PVC, polystyrene, nylon and aromatic polyamides, polyesters, polyacrylics, cellulose derivatives, and fluorinated hydrocarbons.
In surface coatings, these solvents improve the fluxing and fusing of resins into uniform and continuous films by controlling the rheological properties of the formulation, e.g., methylpyrrolidone speeds coating action of many resins in wire insulation enamels. In purification of compounds with limited solubility in other organic media, good yields and high purity can be obtained from these solvents, e.g., recrystallization of terephthalic acid from Methylpyrrolidone and purification of polyamides with Methylpyrrolidone or Butyrolactone. In paint removers, in the strip ping of plastisols or other resinous material from valuable substrates, and in the solvent welding of plastic films, Methylpyrrolidone and Butyro lactone act as highly effective softening agents. Methylpyrrolidone is also useful as a spinning solvent for synthetic fibers. AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS-Methylpyrrolidone is an effective and effi cient solvent for mercurial seed disinfectants as well as common insecti cides, such as chlordane, DDT, lindane, and toxaphene. PIGMENTS-Methylpyrrolidone, as a dispersing and wetting agent, facili tates incorporation of organic and inorganic pigments into coating sys tems. Its dispersing action tends to increase tinctorial strength and reduce color drift. Thus, Methylpyrrolidone provides a means of extending expen sive pigments and aids in the economical preparation of a universal tint. DEGREASING-Butyrolactone improves the efficiency of anionic and nonionic surfactant systems in industrial cleaning and degreasing operations. HYDROCARBON REFINING-In the Sacchse-Wulff process, Methylpyrroli done has many advantages as a selective solvent for acetylene gas (39 volumes to 1). This lactam combines chemical and thermal stability with low toxicity and ease of recovery. Butyrolactone is a new extractant for C4 hydrocarbons in petroleum processing. CHEMICAL SYNTHESES-Chemically inert, Methylpyrrolidone is a reaction solvent which encourages high yields and reaction rates and discourages the formation of by-product, e.g., in the Rosenmund-von Braun synthesis of aromatic nitriles, catalytic ethynylation of ketones, vinylation of nitro gen compounds, organic alkaline reactions, and alkylation of enols. Buty rolactone is a chemical intermediate for herbicides, pharmaceuticals, rocket fuels, and plasticizers.
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