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Uptake and depuration kinetics influence microplastic bioaccumulation and toxicity in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) Amanda Dawson, Wilhelmina Huston, So Kawaguchi, Catherine King, Roger Cropp, Seanan Wild, Pascale Eisenmann, Kathy Townsend, and Susan Bengtson Nash Environ. Sci. Technol., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b05759 • Publication Date (Web): 03 Feb 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on February 4, 2018
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Environmental Science & Technology
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Uptake and depuration kinetics influence microplastic bioaccumulation and toxicity in Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) Amanda Dawson*1, Wilhelmina Huston2, So Kawaguchi3, Catherine King3, Roger Cropp1, Seanan Wild1, Pascale Eisenmann1, Kathy Townsend4, Susan Bengtson Nash1
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1. Environmental Futures Research Institute, Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants
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Program (SOPOPP), Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road,
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Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia 2. School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia 3. Australian Antarctic Division, Department of the Environment and Energy, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, TAS 7050, Australia 4. School of Biological Sciences, Moreton Bay Research Station, University of Queensland, North Stradbroke Island, QLD 4183, Australia
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*Corresponding Author
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Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Telephone +61 0402550085
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Email address:
[email protected] 26 27
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Abstract
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The discarding of plastic products has led to the ubiquitous occurrence of microplastic particles in the
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marine environment. The uptake and depuration kinetics of ingested microplastics for many marine
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species still remain unknown despite its importance for understanding bioaccumulation potential to
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higher trophic level consumers. In this study, Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) were exposed to
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polyethylene microplastics in order to quantify acute toxicity and ingestion kinetics, providing insight
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into the bioaccumulation potential of microplastics at the first-order consumer level. In the 10 day
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acute toxicity assay, no mortality or dose dependant weight loss occurred in exposed krill, at any of
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the exposure concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 % plastic diet). Krill exposed to a 20% plastic diet
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for 24 hours displayed fast uptake (22 ng mg-1 h-1) and depuration (0.22 h-1) rates, but plastic uptake
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did not reach steady state. Efficient elimination also resulted in no bioaccumulation over an extended
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25 day assay, with most individuals completely eliminating their microplastic burden in less than 5
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days post exposure. Our results support recent findings of limited acute toxicity of ingested
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microplastics at this trophic level, and suggest sublethal chronic endpoints should be the focus of
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further ecotoxicological investigation.
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Introduction
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Plastic has become an integral part of modern daily life throughout, but its low production cost has led
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to many plastic products to be considered as single use. The short useful-life of plastic products, in
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combination with their recalcitrant long environmental persistence has led to the ubiquitous
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occurrence of microplastic particles in the marine environment. The routine monitoring of marine
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microplastics (defined as plastics