Books
Usanovich Definitions of Acids and Bases A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories. Harmon Finston, Allen Rychtman. viii + 216 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $45
evidence, and not accompanied by a general mechanism to explain why they were valid.
book. I can imagine a splendid graduate or undergraduate senior seminar taking shape around it, although, the price would be a bit steep for students.
Reviewed by Lawrence Potts, Department of Chemistry, Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minn. 56082
Readers with some knowledge of the physical chemistry of solutions and the basic arguments of quantum mechanics and molecular orbital theory will probably feel most comfortable with the book.
The Theory of Vibrational Spectroscopy and Its Application to Polymeric Materials. Paul Painter, Michael Coleman, Jack Koenig. xvii + 930 pp. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 605 Third Ave., New York, N.Y. 10016. 1982. $60
The authors of this small, tersely written book have set out to present experimental evidence to support the general acceptance of the Usanovich definitions of acids and bases. The book has the format of a journal article, with an introduction (chapters 1-5), an experimental section, and a section for results and discussion (chapter 6). The first five chapters are devoted to a detailed critical discussion of the historical development of acid-base theories. The treatment parallels that of I. M. Kolthoffs "Concepts of Acids and Bases" ("Treatise on Analytical Chemistry," 2nd éd.; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1980; Part 1, Vol. 2, Chapter 17), but is far more comprehensive and detailed. I found chapters 2 (BronstedLowry) and 4 (Lewis) to be particularly strong introductions to those very popular theories. All six chapters are sufficiently well documented to be of real use to those attempting to develop a deeper understanding of the subject. There are 209 citations in chapter 2 alone. Unfortunately, the review seems to have stopped in 1978—a disappointment in a book published in 1982. Chapter 5 is concerned with the Usanovich definitions and their recent interpretations. Like Lewis's definitions before them, Usanovich's were criticized as being far too general and inclusive. Usanovich's ideas arrived with some additional handicaps: They were published in Russian, presented without much support of experimental
In chapter 6 the authors provide the experimental evidence missing when Usanovich formulated his definitions. In a series of apparently well conceived and executed potentiometry experiments, they found that the oxidizing agents dichromate and ferric iron slightly decrease the pH of aqueous solutions. They go on to propose a plausible mechanism to account for the observed enhancement of acidity. Readers should note that while the help of several eminent chemists is acknowledged in the introduction to the book, the experimental work has not been published in a refereed journal. I suspect that analytical chemists will find this an interesting and valuable book. Readers with some knowledge of the physical chemistry of solutions and the basic arguments of quantum mechanics and molecular orbital theory (Lewis acids and bases, chapter 4) will probably feel most comfortable with the book. The book is generally well written, but there are occasional lapses into stiffness and pomposity. Occasionally a 50-word sentence trips up an otherwise smooth flow of ideas. The text has been carefully proofread and edited. This book has promise as a text-
Reviewed by Edward Brame, Research Associate, Polymer Products Dept., E.I. duPont de Nemours & Company, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Del. 19898 This book contains 16 chapters that cover in a very thorough manner the theory of vibrational spectroscopy. The application to polymeric materials begins with chapter 10 and continues through the remainder of the book. In addition to the generalized discussion on polymers, a number of selected topics are treated including polyolefins, haloethylene polymers, polydienes and polyalkenylenes, polymers containing aromatic rings, and polyamides, which also include some polypeptides and proteins. In the first part of the book, the theory includes not only the expected discussion on symmetry and force fields but also the use of computer methods to perform some of the calculations, as well as a discussion on infrared and Raman intensities. The application to polymers cites the usual and expected case of polyethylene. However, one would expect to find a discussion such as the one on fluorocarbon and chlorocarbon in a highly specialized book and not in a textbook such as this. The book is well written and there did not appear to be many errors, al-
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 54, NO. 14, DECEMBER 1982 · 1509 A
Industrial Applications of Surface Analysis
ACS Symposium Series No. 199 Lawrence A. Casper, Editor Honeywell-Solid State Development Center Cedric J. Powell, Editor National Bureau of Standards Based on a symposium jointly sponsored by the Divisions of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Petroleum Chemistry, and Paper and Textile Chemistry of the American Chemical Society To better understand and identify the techniques used to characterize surface and interface properties, this 17-chapter volume discusses various analytical techniques and outlines the status of current applications. Unlike other books which deal with the basic research of techniques, this book shows how the techniques are applied to problem solving in an industrial R&D context. Each chapter defines relevant problems, indicates the relative utility of the different analytical techniques for applications to these problems, and identifies areas where new or improved techniques are needed. CONTENTS Prologue and Perspective · UHV Techniques of Surface Characterization · IR, Raman, and Optical Spectroscopy Analysis of Surfaces and Thin Films · Near Surface Analysis with Energetic Ion Beams · Solid Surfaces Characterization by Wet Chemical Techniques · Chemically Modified Electrodes Analysis Prospects · Adhesive Bonding Materials Characterization Using Ion Beam Methods · Fibers and Polymers Analysis by X-Ray Photo-electron Spectroscopy · Surface Analysis of Glasses · Instrumental Surface Analysis of Electronic Materials and Processes · Surface Analytical Techniques Use to Examine Metal Corrosion Problems * Surface Characterization in Mineral Processing · Particle Charge in Nonaqueous Dispersions * Surface Analysis and Solar Energy Materials · Surface Analysis Applications in Nuclear Industry · Surface Chemistry of First-Wall Materials in Magnetic Fusion Devices · Thermal Analysis and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Applications for Characterization of Particulate Matter 421 pages (1982) Clothbound US & Canada $46.95 Export $ 5 6 . 9 5 LC 82-16290 ISBN 0-8412-0735-6 Order from: Distribution Office—11 American Chemical Society 1155 Sixteenth St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 or CALL TOLL FREE 800-424-6747 and use your credit card.
Books though I did find a few. On page 413 there is a typo in the heading for Fig ure 16.10. On page 437, Figure 16.16, the captions of (a) and (b) should be reversed. On page 442, Figure 16.19 shows a spectrum of density states with a 1400 c m - 1 label that should be replaced with 1000 c m - 1 . This book makes a valuable contri bution to the field of vibrational spec troscopy and will be especially useful to those involved with polymer inves tigations. It is up-to-date and includes much of the important material that has been published in polymer jour nals in recent years. Its references are adequate but one that has been omit ted is a recent publication entitled "Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers" by H. W. Siesler and K. Holland-Moritz. Even though Siesler and Holland-Moritz's book is more applied and less theoretical, it fits very nicely with the Painter, Coleman, and Koenig book in coverage of the same material. Instead of overlapping, the two books complement each other. Although I think this book should be on every shelf devoted to the subject matter contained therein, it does have one minor deficiency: It lacks a good subject index. Its index is only four pages long—not nearly ade quate for its intended use. In fact, the table of contents, which is five pages, provides a better index.
Books Received Handbook of Electrode Technology. 144 pp. Orion Research Inc., 840 Me morial Dr., Cambridge, Mass. 02139. 1982. $10. (number of pages was listed incorrectly in Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 1308 A.) Coal Science. Vol. 1. Martin Gorbaty, John Larsen, Irving Wender, Eds. χ + 293 pp. Academic Press, Inc., 111 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10003. 1982. $32.50 Modern Methods of Pharmaceutical Analysis. Vol. 3. Roger Schirmer, Ed. 243 pp. CRC Press, Inc., 2000 N.W. 24th St., Boca Raton, Fla. 33431. 1982. $72 Advances in Steroid Analysis. S. Gorog, Ed. xi + 551 pp. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, N.Y. 10017. 1982. $104.75 Critical Stability Constants. Vol. 5. Ar thur Martell, Robert Smith, xvii + 604 pp. Plenum Press, 233 Spring St., New York, N.Y. 10013. $69.50
1510 A · ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, VOL. 54, NO. 14, DECEMBER 1982
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