VOL. 6, No. 12
A~o~pnons A N D COLLOIDAL MATTER
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made up of chains of glucose molecules, each of which is an amylene oxide ring. The diagram shows the slightly modified arrangement preferred by Meyer and Mark' of Ludwigshafen-am-Rhein. The temptation to include the slightly improved diagram for a rubber latex particle due to Freundlich and Hauser (Figure 23) has proved irresistible for it reviews a number of the conceptions we have considered with its outer stabilizing layer of hydrated protein in contact with the water, the solidified skin of rubber membrane underneath and the honey-likesol within. T o sum up, there are but few systems in which one or other of these structures which we have rehearsed is not present. They concern equally the biologist, dealing with innumerable surfaces and colloidal materials as well as the physicist, chemist, or even more important, the industrialist, in their attempts to understand and control the properties of matter. I wish now to make a present of what may prove to be a useful idea to my biological friends. The principle of like to like is complementary to the occurrence of the expulsive thrust of extraneous matter from the regions in which any such structures are in the act of forming. For example, if the M E Y and ~ ~ art, go. structure is forming from the surface of a cell, F I G U R-ONE E ~ ~ CONCEPT~ONO~' THE STRUCTURE OP RAMIit will drive other matter toward the center. CELLULOSE Analogies may be found in the separation of pure ice from aqueous solutions or in the destructive crystal thrust that disintegrates building stones when calcium carbonate is being replaced by the smaller but longer crystals of calcium sulfate. In conclusion, the object of scientific investigation is the discovery of law. Such barely understood and bewilderingly varied phenomena as we have passed in review offer a stirring challenge to constructive and critical imagination and experiment. K. H. Meyer and H. Mark, BeriJte, 6lB,593 (1928).
Uses of Butyl Alcohol. Butyl alcohol may (according to the Commercial Solvents Corporation of New York) he used for the prevention of frothing in the preparation of glue and in the sizing of paper, as well as for extracting water from organic liquids and for the drying of metal surfaces (if the latter are required quite free from moisture). Alone, or mixed with soap, it finds application in the cleaning of metal and leather, and in the extraction of fat from fur, wool, and textiles.-Chem. Age, 21, 109 (Aug.3, 1929).
