Using Community Service Activities To Invigorate ... - ACS Publications

Chapter 9

Downloaded by UNIV OF IDAHO on November 18, 2016 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): October 5, 2016 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2016-1230.ch009

Using Community Service Activities To Invigorate the SFU Chemistry Club Rose A. Clark, Cathleen M. Fry, Dallas R. Mosier, and Edward P. Zovinka* Department of Chemistry, Saint Francis University, Loretto, Pennsylvania 15940, United States *E-mail: [email protected]

Over the past 20 years, the Saint Francis University Chemistry Club has used community service to invigorate the club, bringing excitement and focus to the Department. Through the development of new, exciting, and safe ways to engage the community, student interest in the Chemistry Club has been cultivated. To fund the outreach activities, students are encouraged to write grant proposals. These learning opportunities have been sustained through the combined efforts of the students and faculty advisors.

Introduction Saint Francis University, founded in 1847, is a small private Franciscan university located on a 600-acre mountaintop campus in Loretto, PA. Currently, the university has a total enrollment of 2700 students, with 1750 undergraduates. The Franciscan values of humility, generosity, respect for others, service to the needy, ethical behavior, and reverence, inspired by the founding fathers, are evident throughout the campus and are incorporated into every aspect of the educational experience. Incorporating the Franciscan Goals of Learning, the chemistry department has been able to make a name for itself in the region. Amongst the Franciscan goals embraced are “Service to the Poor and Needy”, as well as a “Humble and Generous Attitude Toward Learning”. The chemistry department at Saint Francis University (SFU) is now a thriving ACS-certified department with 8 Ph.D. faculty and 50 chemistry majors to help facilitate the SFU Chemistry Club service efforts. © 2016 American Chemical Society

Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.


In 1994, the department looked very different with only 3 chemistry professors and 4 chemistry majors. The department has changed dramatically partly because of the strong outreach program we have developed. The refocusing of the SFU Chemistry Club toward service to the community has been an excellent way to invigorate and continually renew the club. As a tool to reach out to the community, the Rural Outreach Chemistry for Kids (ROCK) program was established in 1995 through an ACS Innovative Activities Grant, IAG, and has expanded markedly from our humble beginnings over the past 20 years (Figure 1) (1). The Chemistry Club with guidance from Dr. Edward P. Zovinka initiated the program to provide free, hands-on science activities to local K-12 schools and area youth. Dr. Rose A. Clark was integrated into the program in 1997, and additional faculty have served as ROCK leaders over the past 20 years. The program has grown from 6 events in 1995 to now hosting 197 individual school events in 2014-15, interacting with over 5,400 K-12 students.

Figure 1. Growth of the ROCK program from 1995-2014. The ROCK program provides a way to “brand” the SFU Chemistry Club, facilitating visits to local K-12 classrooms to augment their science offerings. The ROCK program is not demonstration driven (i.e., not a magic show); the experiments are held in small group settings and directly engage the students in the science activity (see www.francis.edu/rock). Each event is hosted by a Saint Francis faculty member or trained upper level undergraduate club member who oversees the other Saint Francis Chemistry Club members or volunteer undergraduates. The SFU students assist the school children in completing a chemistry related activity in their classroom. In an ideal event, each volunteer monitors four K-12 students to ensure maximum effort and safety. Teacher 96 Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.


feedback from our visits has been encouraging and helps keep the program moving forward: “I wanted to take a moment and thank you and your staff for such a great experience! My students were captivated and motivated to learn thanks to your ROCK team. They worked together so well and provided a learning experience that would not have been possible without their awesome teaching skills and knowledge of chemistry. They really related to the students and did a great job of tying together science and fun. Even all of the other teachers in my building were stopping by to see what all of the buzz was about! The team was truly professional and represented St. Francis University in a wonderful way! Thanks again for making this program possible for our students. We really appreciate it!” Rachel Reissman, Yough Intermediate Middle School, Westmoreland County The ROCK program and a variety of service events that have sprung up from the ROCK program are highlighted. In addition to the traditional K-12 classroom, the SFU Chemistry Club has developed programs to work with underprivileged youth at afterschool programs, educated the public about the importance of radon testing, measured water quality in the local community, hosted ACS Earth Day haiku contests and partnered with other organizations on and off campus to improve chemistry outreach.

ROCK Events To accommodate the growth of the outreach effort, changes to the program management have been adapted over the years. Initially, the Chemistry Club advisor scheduled all of the events. By 2000, a student ROCK leader was selected who handled the communication with the schools through email and phone calls. The current process is managed by the student ROCK leaders and Chemistry Club advisor. A letter is crafted and mailed to local science teachers in a four county area, inviting them to schedule an event. As the program continues to grow, we now have a number of student ROCK leaders, with one responsible for scheduling while several other students act as event leaders. Once a teacher responds to our invitation, a student ROCK leader schedules event visits and posts events for student volunteers to sign up. For a number of years, we used a paper sign up system outside the chemistry student work space (lounge) or outside of a chemistry classroom. However, as the university has become more interested in tracking service hours, we recently switched to OrgSync (http://www.orgsync.com), an online system that centralizes planning for campus organizations. Every SFU student can log into OrgSync to see what campus organizations are planning or hosting. Using OrgSync, students can also sign up to participate in a ROCK outreach event. In addition to using OrgSync, club meetings are also an important tool to highlight upcoming outreach events and to recruit volunteers. 97



As is normal at any university, the members of the Chemistry Club turn over due to graduation, forcing the SFU Chemistry Club advisor and senior members to be in a continuous search for new leaders and to train them to lead ROCK events. Even though the outreach events are not focused at an advanced science level, many students are intimidated at first to engage K-12 students in a science-based activity. To ease the transition into the program, the new members are invited to attend outreach events to gain more experience in the different experiments we perform before leading an event. Rallying the troops is not always easy; unless the club advisor specifically recruited assistants, turnout was low. To provide further incentive, many of the SFU Chemistry faculty allow the freshman/sophomore students to drop their lowest quiz or homework score if they participate in an outreach event. Another great source of volunteers is the university service requirement for all students. Every student must conduct 10 hours of service in their freshman year and the ROCK program is one of their options. In this manner, the Chemistry Club members (and other campus students!) learn more about the program without taking on too much responsibility. Each year, several students are excited by their introduction to outreach and request to become more involved. Some of these students have even moved up to becoming a ROCK leader. We have had ROCK leaders from several majors/disciplines: psychology, education, physician assistant, physical therapy, and of course chemistry. Over the years, a menu of events and scripts have been developed to help maintain quality and continuity. The events have been categorized for age/curriculum appropriate activities (Table 1). As a way to improve our efforts, a number of chemistry/secondary education majors and education majors have reviewed and updated the scripts with PA state standards to maximize the educational impact of our events.

Elementary Science Days In our region, many schools take a day out of their school year and sometimes on a weekend to celebrate the sciences. The SFU ROCK program is often invited to be a key part of these events. The events can vary from a class-like setting, where students are dismissed from session to session, to a much more informal “Family Science” night. During the “science night” settings, families and students wander around the school, viewing science fair projects, while also being invited to informally engage in science activities by different clubs and community groups. Because of the vastly different audiences (captive vs. wandering), the types of events must be different. During an informal setting, we have chosen events such as “Straw Rocket Science”. The students build their own straw rocket, including fins, and then attempt to hit a target. We have also successfully led these informal events at locations such as the local Double AA Baseball Team Education Days. In these circumstances, we set up a booth in the concourse of the stadium and try to capture the student’s attention with science. For a more structured classroom setting, we will lead a typical ROCK event such as Birthday Party Chemistry where we explore phase changes using liquid nitrogen and Easy-Bake ovens (2). 98



Table 1. Most requested ROCK events with Grade Level Event Title

Target Audience (Grade Level)

Acids & Bases with Purple Cabbage

4-8

Birthday Party Chemistry

4-7

Cleaning Water with Dirt

2-6

Density Towers

K-3

The Effects of Temperature on Light Sticks

3-8

Eggshell Geodes

3-6

Food Chemistry

6-10

Liquid Nitrogen

9-12

Oily Oceans

K-4

Oobleck

K-2

Super Soakers (or “Diaper Dissection”)

7-12

Gloria Gates Memorial Foundation Much of our outreach has been directed toward K-12 classrooms in order to promote chemistry in an academic environment. However, in an effort to meet the goals of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) community, we are branching out to reach more disadvantaged youth outside of the classroom. With the aid of an American Chemical Society Community Interactions Grant (www.acs.org) as well as a Gamma Sigma Epsilon Honor Society Grant (www.gammasigmaepsilon.org), the SFU Chemistry Club has partnered with the Gloria Gates Memorial Foundation (GGMF) in nearby Altoona, PA. The main purpose of this partnership is to help underprivileged children in an urban environment learn more about science and promote an interest in science. The children who attend the after-school program provided by the Gloria Gates Memorial Foundation are the target audience. Approximately 25 children ranging in age from 5 to 12 years old attend the afterschool programs at several different housing complexes. For the past three years, we have visited several sites funded by the Gloria Gates Foundation and have chosen sites with larger enrollments. At least 95% of the children at the after-school program are considered economically disadvantaged, and approximately 25-30% of the children are of African-American descent, an under-represented minority in the sciences. Records maintained by the foundation show students enrolled in GGMF have improved school attendance and performance. The children are encouraged to do their best in school so that they will become responsible adults capable of supporting themselves and their families. Most of the previously discussed outreach has focused on small groups, in classroom settings, either during or after school, in academic-like settings (Figure 2). However, there are many opportunities to engage in outreach outside of the classroom. 99



Figure 2. ROCK Leaders Sarah Makin, Jessica Biter, and Sabrina Blake prepared to lead an “Oily Oceans” event in an elementary school classroom. Photo courtesy of Christopher Evans.

Partnering with Other Service Organizations For the past four years, we have partnered with the local Boy Scouts of America council to bring hundreds of Scouts to the Saint Francis University campus. The Scouts spend a day on campus, earning STEM merit badges (including chemistry!), eating a lunch at the dining hall, and meeting with Saint Francis students. For such a big event, the SFU Chemistry Club has partnered with the service fraternity, Alpha Phi Omega to cover all of the stations and logistics needed to host over one hundred scouts. In this way, we maximize our reach while sharing the workload. SFU Chemistry Club has also partnered with The Kiski-Conemaugh Stream Team of the Conemaugh Valley Conservancy, a volunteer group devoted to improving stream water environments. The Conservancy hosts a number of Trout in the Classroom events, described by a member: “After students release the brook trout they raised throughout the school year, most participate in Outdoor Discovery Workshops that engage students in lessons that expand upon their classroom learning” (3). During the Discovery Workshops, groups of K-9 grade students circulate through a number of science stations. Members of the Chemistry Club have served as station hosts, teaching students a water-based chemistry lesson. The club enjoys teaching about environmental issues and has a section of the local road to clean each semester (Figure 3).

100 Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.


Figure 3. SFU Chemistry Club members after doing the annual fall semester road clean up. Photo courtesy of Dallas R. Mosier.

Partnering with Companies In addition to partnering with schools and service organizations, the SFU Chemistry Club has partnered with local companies such as Vale Wood Farms. Vale Wood Farms, a 500 acre dairy that processes the milk from their own cows, hosts a number of elementary school tours titled From Moo to You. The tour highlights each step in the milk story. “Visitors rotate through stations to learn what a cow eats, how she makes milk, and how that milk is turned into the dairy products found in your refrigerator” (4). The Chemistry Club students host one of the stations, using liquid nitrogen to make instant ice cream from the fresh milk. Because of our cooperation, Vale Wood provides a steady source of cream, milk, and other dairy products as needed for ROCK events.

Partnering with SFU Campus Groups Often the easiest partners are those right on your own campus. Several Campus Organizations that the Chemistry Club has partnered with are highlighted.



Saint Francis University Science Outreach Center The SFU Science Outreach Center’s mission is to develop relevant, effective, and systemic efforts to promote STEM in the community; increase the number of students pursuing an education in STEM fields; and support K-12 schools and their students in the areas of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (5). In order to highlight science while fundraising, the Science Outreach Center annually hosts a “Solar 5K”. The Solar System 5K unifies health and natural sciences in one event. It is a fun, family activity and a 5K run/walk through our Solar System that is scaled down to five kilometers. While on the journey through the Sun’s domain, participants experience the solar system and learn to appreciate distances that separate planets and other objects of our Solar System. On the course, each planet is equipped with a science station where walkers can stop to learn about a particular science field, discover interesting facts about the planet, play games, and participate in hands-on activities. As host of Saturn, the SFU Chemistry Club talks to participants about gases, pressures, temperatures, and makes liquid nitrogen ice cream (Figure 4).

Figure 4. The Chemistry Club hosting “Saturn” and making Liquid Nitrogen Ice Cream for the SFU Solar 5K. Photo courtesy of Edward P. Zovinka. The Quantum Quest Fest (Q2Fest) program is dedicated to increasing science awareness and initiating a life-long love of science in the younger generation. The program is built around the Quantum Quest: A Cassini Space Odyssey movie. Elementary and middle school children explore various sciences and participate in hands-on activities prepared for them by high school students, teachers, and SFU students and faculty. During Q2Fest, SFU Chemistry Club members discuss Neptune’s moon, Triton. The moon has cryogenic volcanoes that spew out liquid nitrogen. In conjunction with this, the students are introduced to liquid nitrogen (how it is made and used on Earth). After this, marshmallows are frozen in liquid nitrogen and once the marshmallows are removed and at a safe temperature, the 102 Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.

students are allowed to eat them. The main idea is to demonstrate to the students how frigid it is on Triton compared to Earth and the large temperature differences between things on Earth and Triton.


Saint Francis University Institute for Energy The Saint Francis Institute for Energy seeks to be a “reliable source of energy information for businesses, schools, policy makers, and communities”. They are committed to assisting Pennsylvanians in making educated and sustainable energy choices (6). Because of our location in the Appalachian Mountains, the SFU Institute of Energy and the university have explored using wind turbines to generate electricity on campus and set up a demonstration turbine. While turbines were being erected across our area, we found that many teachers and students were curious about a modern wind turbine. In cooperation with the Institute of Energy, the SFU Chemistry Club led events using model turbines to generate electricity with fans. Students would study the effect of shape, size, and number of turbine blades as well as wind velocity. Saint Francis University Physical Plant The SFU Water Treatment Facility manages the water for the University and the town of Loretto, PA. The Chemistry Club was interested in investigating the local water supply. For the students, working outside of the laboratory was a welcome break. Club members worked on a community grant to investigate “Water quality of a Small Town and its Supplies”. The work led to an InChemistry article “Saint Francis University SAACS dedicated to community service” (7). The project focused on collaborating with the town and local water treatment plant to measure nitrate levels in the local streams that feed into the town water supplies. Saint Francis University is fortunate to have its own golf course, Immergrun, constructed in 1917 for steel magnate Charles M. Schwab, which has been minimally modified since its construction. Students sampled above the golf course, at several locations on the golf course, near the town wells, and after the water treatment facility. The town has three wells, but only one is in use. At the time of the measurements one was contaminated with high nitrate concentrations, and the other unused well had a low water table. The data helped to better understand the nitrate levels since the streams above the farm fields and golf course were low in nitrates and the nitrate levels were much higher downstream from the golf course and farm fields. The SAACS student members had a great time using their chemistry background to study the chemistry of the local streams. Saint Francis University Clubs The SFU Environmental Action Society hosts the Earth Day Carnival each year. The event is a great lead-in for the Chemistry Club because the ACS Celebrates Earth Day – ACS even hosts ACS education sessions at the spring National meetings to encourage Earth Day activities. 103 Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.

Using ACS Resources as an Inspiration


In addition to providing grant monies for outreach efforts, the American Chemical Society also provides tools to engage local students. As mentioned above, each spring ACS sponsors Chemists Celebrate Earth Day (CCED) activities. In addition to on-campus events, the SFU Chemistry Club has partnered with our section, hosting a local Earth Day Poster and Haiku competition for a small number of schools, selecting winners, and then passing those winners to the local section contest.

Service Connected to National Issues, Radon January is designated as “National Radon Action Month” and provides an opportunity to highlight chemistry in the home. In order to bring citizen science into action, students can interact with the campus or the community. A systematic measurement of radon levels on the Saint Francis University campus was initiated as an active learning course for a freshmen-only colloquia but evolved into a Chemistry Club research project (8). After determining the university had only completed a limited radon survey, the Chemistry Club set out to measure radon levels in every building on campus and present their findings to the campus community. During the service activity, the club members expanded their knowledge of radioactivity, how to propose a project to a somewhat interested audience, how to design experimental protocols, had to handle data, and how to present data at the end of the project. Based on our findings, the university physical plant became more pro-active in measuring radon levels, especially after any campus construction that may have disturbed the strata, thus altering radon levels. Radon became an important environmental issue during the 1980s as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommended that home levels of radon not exceed 4.0 pCi/L (7). It was not until 1989 that the EPA recommended that schools also measure radon levels in all areas that students and faculty utilize frequently and take action when necessary (7). Due to the government recommendations, people in the US measure the radon levels in their homes and contract for remediation when the action level of radon (≥4.0 pCi/L) is measured. It is not unusual for buyers of older homes to require measurement of radon and installation of radon remediation prior to a sale. Many people are concerned about radon since it is a radioactive material that cannot be detected by human senses. It is an odorless, colorless gas that often enters buildings through floor cracks or slab joints. As a member of the noble gas family, it is relatively unreactive and difficult to trap. However, radon testing kits are a very simple device that anybody can use to obtain accurate readings. The Chemistry Club purchased 100s of these kits to sample radon levels on campus and were awarded an IAG grant in 2011 to encourage testing by the local community and provide the kits to the community, free of charge. The main distribution tool 104



was hosting a booth and distributing the kits at a local fall festival, Potato Fest (Figure 5).

Figure 5. SFU Chemistry Club Members sharing Radon Kits with the community (7). Photo courtesy of Edward P. Zovinka.

Student Safety/Child Safety The American Chemical Society places a great deal of emphasis on presenting chemistry topics safely during outreach activities. Our events are designed to minimize chemical safety hazards. A number of protocols have been developed to educate and prepare outreach coordinators (9). However, since the SFU Chemistry Club started leading K-12 events in 1995, the child safety environment has changed dramatically! We used to walk into schools, sign in at the office, lead our event, and head home. However due to the increasing school violence, all schools require us to “buzz in”; often we have to scan driver’s licenses’, and must be escorted to the classroom. To adjust to the changing climate, all ROCK volunteers are required to read and sign a “Code of Conduct” regarding expectations and behavior when assisting the ROCK leaders at an event (www.francis.edu/rock). In response to the changing national expectations, Saint Francis University instituted a Protection of Minors Policy for on-campus events that includes all leaders working with minors (under the age of 16) to complete three clearances (below), as well as requiring all leaders to complete a web-based program called “Sexual Misconduct: How Teachers and Other Educators Can Protect Our Children” developed by United Educators. Each faculty member or student who works with minors must recertify their web-based program annually. As times have continued to change, most elementary, middle, and high schools in Pennsylvania require volunteers to have completed a number of security clearances, including: 105



1. 2. 3.

Act 34: PA State Criminal History (10) Pennsylvania Child Abuse History (11) Federal Criminal History (FBI fingerprint clearance) (12)

In order to maintain the highest safety conditions possible, all of the ROCK student leaders and faculty complete the three clearances prior to leading events. While the PA State Criminal History is free for volunteers, the PA Child Abuse History costs $10 and the FBI Criminal History costs $27. It can take up to four weeks for all of the clearances to be obtained. The Chemistry Club pays for the clearances for the outreach leaders. Additionally, traveling to off campus service events has become more complicated. Anyone using a campus vehicle to drive to an outreach event must have their driving record checked and approved by the SFU Police Department. When approved, a person can drive campus vehicles and the vehicle is covered by the campus insurance policy. In addition, the faculty advisor must complete travel forms and email them to four different campus offices, including: SFU Campus Police, SFU Residence Life, Associate Dean of Students, and SFU Office of Student Life. The forms must be filed 48 hours prior to students leaving the SFU campus for a service event. The travel policies are different for local (up to 200 miles roundtrip) compared to domestic travel (more than 200 miles or involving an overnight stay). Fortunately, our service events fall within the local travel policy and we only need to provide a trip roster of student names, cell phone information for the event leader, and the contact information for the faculty advisor. As traveling to, and leading a service event has become complicated, the Chemistry Club and advisor continually seeks members from the club to serve as student leaders. The leaders are taught to lead the events, complete SFU webtraining, and complete the security clearances. Upon receiving the clearances and appropriate event training, the ROCK leaders are allowed to lead the ROCK events off campus. Even with all of these changes, when we lead the events, at least one representative of the school (usually a teacher) must remain with us at all times during the service event.

Funding/Grant Writing In order to support the many service programs, the Chemistry Club advisors have written a number of grant proposals, often with the Chemistry Club officers. The officers learn about the effort and planning required to lead an activity. The students also realize how important effective communication is to the success of an event, before they have ever worked with the K-12 grade students. ACS support has been critical to our long term success. We obtained funding from an ACS Innovative Activities Grant to start our outreach efforts in 1995 and also to lead the community radon program in 1999. A Community Interactions Grant helped initiate our service to the Gloria Gates Memorial Foundation in 2014 and we were able to expand the program with grants from Gamma Sigma Epsilon, the chemistry honor society. In addition, the Pennsylvania and West Virginia 106 Mio and Benvenuto; Building and Maintaining Award-Winning ACS Student Member Chapters Volume 2: Specific Program Areas ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2016.

Campus Compact provided funding to complete a study on the impact of our outreach on K-12 and SFU students (13). Other major funding has been provided by the Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh, the Buhl Foundation, the Conemaugh Health System, and the Columbia Pipeline Group. Funding from these organizations make the programs offered possible since all materials and programs are free to the school districts.


Dissemination The SFU Chemistry Club has been featured in local newspapers as well as on a local TV show, Kaleidoscope - The Series (14). The students greatly enjoyed the filming process and the attention gained when the show was broadcast. Two ACS InChemistry articles have been published based on the club’s outreach efforts (2, 7). Other articles have been published highlighting club activities bringing publicity to the club. The recognition provides points of discussion when recruiting new chemistry majors and for club member recruitment and retention.

Conclusion By brainstorming new service ideas and offering new programs, the SFU Chemistry Club continually renews the interest of current and potential club members. Allowing each new set of students to propose new ideas gives them ownership and invigorates the club. The excitement for chemistry permeating the club is spread throughout the local community. The number of requests for events by K-12 STEM educators continues to increase. By focusing on service, the Chemistry Club has become an important contributor to the STEM community while enhancing the SFU mission and culture.

References 1.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Howard, R. J.; Ropp, J. A.; Wasil, C. M.; Zovinka, E. P. Rural Outreach Chemistry for Kids (R.O.C.K.) A Service Project to Involve More than Chemistry Majors in a Chemistry Club. The Chemical Educator 1997, 2, S1430–4171. Minor, J.; Rosmus, T.; Zovinka, E. P. Science ROCKs at Saint Francis University…and Will Soon ROLL! InChemistry 2012 (April/May), 19–23. Kiski-Conemaugh Stream Team. http://www.conemaughvalleyconservancy. org/conservation/pdf/2014%20Annual%20Report%20-%20FINAL.pdf (accessed March 15, 2016) Vale Wood Farms. http://www.valewoodfarms.com/ (accessed March 15, 2016) Saint Francis University Science Outreach Center. http://francis.edu/scienceoutreach-center/ (accessed March 13, 2016) Saint Francis University Institute for Energy. http://francis.edu/institute-forenergy/ (accessed March 13, 2016) 107


7. 8.

9.

10.


11. 12. 13.

14.

Bopp, J.; Clark, R. A. Saint Francis University SAACS Dedicated to Community Service. InChemistry 2003 (April/May), 6–8. Solomon, D.; Bopp, J.; O’Donnell, L.; Petrovic, J.; Snavely, R.; Zovinka, E. P. Using Campus Radon Testing as a Freshman Colloquium. The Chemical Educator 2003, 8, 37–40. Safety in the Elementary Science Classroom, Safety Guidelines for NCW and Community Activities. http://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/ policies/safety/safety-guidelines-for-ncw-and-community-activities.pdf (accessed March 21, 2016) Pennsylvania State Police. http://www.psp.pa.gov/Pages/Request-aCriminal-History-Record.aspx (accessed on March 20, 2016) Pennsylvania Child Welfare Information Solution. https://www.compass. state.pa.us/cwis/public/home (accessed on March 20, 2016) PA Applicant Fingerprinting Online Services. https://www.pa.cogentid.com/ index.htm (accessed on March 20, 2016) Lynch, M. T.; Zovinka, E. P.; Zhang, L.; Hruska, J. L.; Lee, A. M. Rural Outreach Chemistry for Kids (R.O.C.K.):The Program and Its Evaluation. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement 2005, 10, 125–141. Kaleidoscope The Series. http://www.kaleidoscopetheseries.com/media04. html (accessed March 28, 2016)


Using Community Service Activities To Invigorate ... - ACS Publications

Recommend Documents