Utilization of Greenhouse Gases - ACS Publications - American

Preface This book is based on the papers presented at the Symposium with the rd

same title in the 223 American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting, at Orlando, Florida, in April 2002. The Symposium focused on the utilization of greenhouse gases, principally methane and carbon dioxide, for the

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synthesis of more valuable chemicals or for the catalytic combustion of methane as an ultraclean fuel. As is widely discussed, a very serious issue of increasing importance to the world is the control of emissions of the major greenhouse gases, predominantly but not exclusively, carbon dioxide. With regard to the concept of emission control, the primary emphasis has been that carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are considered as a new class of pollutants. O n this important issue, much negotiation and many arguments have been made. However, effective and economic methods to achieve major reductions of the net emissions of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, because it is the primary manmade contributor to the greenhouse effect, have not been found. O n the other hand, it is recognized that nature uses carbon dioxide as a primary building block to provide all of the energy we consume every day. How exciting it is! Although replication of the perfection of nature can only be an aspiration, at least we can try our best to mimic the philosophy. In this regard, a significant worldwide effort has been made to find a feasible way to use the greenhouse gases. In this book, recent progress in the development of methods of utilization of greenhouse gases is presented. Focuses on the simultaneous utilization of greenhouse gases, innovative utilization technologies, and processes for the conversion of greenhouse gases are included. The book's first section therefore begins with an overview of these concepts by covering the sources, separation, and utilization of carbon dioxide. The next section moves into simultaneous utilization of greenhouse gases (CH4, C 0 , and N O ) . The simultaneous conversion of two greenhouse 2

x

gases is to remove, eliminate, and convert one greenhouse gas by using ix

Liu et al.; Utilization of Greenhouse Gases ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2003.

another one as a co-reactant. Six papers are included in this book on this topic, including NO -catalyzed partial oxidation of C H to syngas, drying x

4

reforming o f methane to produce syngas, reaction o f

CH4-GO2 cofeed to

produce liquid chemicals and partial reduction of S 0 by CH4. The present 2

investigation w i l l help us understand the reactive relationship between greenhouse gases and also has significant potential to afford new utilization technologies. The next three to six sections are related to processes for conversion and innovative utilization technologies, which include biochemical fixation, plasma conversion, and microwave applications. The fundamental, economic,


technical, and future

development

issues with these technologies

are

discussed. Reports of investigations on the use of the innovative technologies for the utilization o f greenhouse gases are a typical feature of this book. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been found to have many important applications. In the next section, one new application o f supercritical C 0 for 2

the selective oxidation of alcohols over supported platinum catalysts is presented. The book concludes with the next section that covers the utilization of methane for combustion. The catalytic combustion o f methane has been considered to be one of the major techniques for reducing the emission of N O . The catalytic combustion o f methane has also been investigated for the x

combustion o f unburned methane effluents of natural gas fueled vehicles. A good catalyst is necessary for the cleanest methane combustion. The two contributions in this chapter show how the catalyst can be improved for better performance. The editors acknowledge the A C S Division of Fuel Chemistry for the sponsorship of the symposium and also thank Dr. Robert Warzinski, the Program Chair o f 2002 of the A C S Division o f Fuel Chemistry for his instructions in making the symposium and therefore the book better. The instructions from Kelly Dennis, acquisition editor of the A C S Books Department, are also very appreciated. The efforts of Stacy VanDerWall, in acquisitions, in handling the correspondence with the authors and editors for completion are gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge Margaret Brown, Production Manager o f the A C S Books Department for producing the book, lightly editing the titles, authors, affiliations, and the frontmatter o f

χ


the book and making it ready for printing. We also appreciate the efforts of Jeanne Wynn in the Department of Chemistry of Tianjin University very much for her excellent job in correcting the use of English with the contributions from East Asia. Finally, we thank the efforts of the reviewers and the authors. With their great effort, we hope to have ensured the technical clarity and quality of papers. We

trust you will enjoy reading this book and find the papers

informative and useful in dealing with the problems o f greenhouse gases and developing a perspective for possible solutions for the tremendous challenge


facing the world in this century

Chang-jun

Liu

A B B Plasma Greenhouse Gas Chemistry Laboratory State K e y Laboratory of C1 Chemistry and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072, China [email protected]

R i c h a r d G . Mallinson Institute for Gas Utilization Technologies School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science The University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 [email protected] Michele Aresta Department o f Chemistry and M E T E A Research Centre University of Bari 70126 Bari, Italy [email protected]

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Utilization of Greenhouse Gases - ACS Publications - American

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