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Energy, Environmental, and Catalysis Applications
Efficient bifacial semitransparent perovskite solar cells using Ag /V2O5 as transparent anodes ShangZheng Pang, Xueyi Li, Hang Dong, Dazheng Chen, Weidong Zhu, Jingjing Chang, Zhenhua Lin, He Xi, Jincheng Zhang, Chunfu Zhang, and Yue Hao ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01611 • Publication Date (Web): 27 Mar 2018 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on March 27, 2018
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Efficient bifacial semitransparent perovskite solar cells using Ag /V2O5 as transparent anodes Shangzheng Pang, Xueyi Li, Hang Dong, Dazheng Chen, Weidong Zhu, Jingjing Chang, Zhenhua Lin, He Xi, Jincheng Zhang, Chunfu Zhang*, and Yue Hao
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Technology Disciplines State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
*
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Abstract Bifacial semitransparent inverted planar structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on Cs0.05FA0.3MA0.7PbI2.51Br0.54 using an Ag thin film electrode and V2O5 optical coupling layer are investigated theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that the introduction of the cesium (Cs) ions in the perovskite could obviously improve the device performance and stability. When only the bare Ag film electrode is used, PSCs show a bifacial performance with the PCE of 14.62% illuminated from the ITO side and 5.45% from the Ag film side. By introducing a V2O5 optical coupling layer, the PCE is enhanced to 8.91% illuminated from the Ag film side, which is 63% improvement compared with the bare Ag film electrode, while the PCE illuminated from the ITO side keeps almost unchanged. Moreover, when a back-reflector is employed, the PCE of device could be further improved to 15.39% illuminated from the ITO side and 12.44% illuminated from the Ag side. The devices also show the superior semitransparent properties and exhibit the negligible photocurrent hysteresis no matter the light is illuminated from which side. In short, the Ag/V2O5 double layer is a promising semitransparent electrode for its low cost and simple preparation process which also point out one new direction for the bifacial PSCs and tandem solar cells. Keywords: perovskite solar cells, bifacial, semitransparent, Ag /V2O5, stability
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
1. Introduction Due to the advantages of adjustable band gap, solution processing and cost effectiveness,1-8 organolead halide perovskites are receiving more and more research attention. In only a few years, solar cells employing this kind of materials have made tremendous progress with the power conversion efficient (PCE) improved from initial 3.8% to 22.7%.9 As the very competitive photovoltaic devices, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been expected to be used in many fields including photovoltaic curtains, building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics devices, and tandem cells.10–16 To meet these requirements in these emerging applications, bifacial semitransparent PSCs, which could absorb light from both sides and may produce more power output, are considered one of very promising technologies. To acquire a high device performance, both the anode and the cathode of bifacial semitransparent PSCs should have the properties of the high light transmittance and the high electrical conductivity at the same time. There have been some reports about semitransparent PSCs where metal oxides (ITO, AZO), graphene, silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and metal thin films are adopted as the transparent electrodes.17-25 The sputtered ITO is traditionally used as the bottom electrode due to the high optical transparency in the visible light region and good conductivity. However, indium is a scarce and toxic material, and thus the highest share in material cost and energy input of ITO is inevitable in the fabrication process. More important, without the high temperature treatment the resistance of ITO would be very high, which restrict its application. When ITO is sputtered as the top electrode, such high a thermal
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treatment is not appropriate for the degradation of the underlying perovskite material. With the excellent optical properties, graphene is one candidate material for the transparent electrodes. However, the conductivity of single-layer graphene is not satisfactory and the preparation of multilayer graphene electrodes is relatively complex and time consuming.26 Carbon based materials such as carbon nanotube with the characteristics of low-cost and good stability have been used in photovoltaics. However, the high sheet resistance of the carbon nanotube films (2–25 kΩ sq−1) adversely restricts their application in the semitransparent PSCs.27 The performance of Ag NWs is compared with the commercial ITO electrode with
