Vertical Ozone Distributions from Absorption and Radiation by Ozone EDWARD S. EPSTEIN
Downloaded by IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON on June 2, 2018 | https://pubs.acs.org Publication Date: January 1, 1959 | doi: 10.1021/ba-1959-0021.ch034
Air Force Cambridge
Research Center
ARTHUR ADEL Atmospheric Research Observatory, Arizona
State College,
Flagstaff, Ariz.
The fundamental innovation of the V O D A R O technique (vertical ozone distributions from absorption a n d radiation by ozone) is application of infrared observations to determination of the vertical distribution of ozone. As with most new developments, the initial discovery must be followed by a period of modifications a n d testing before anything like perfection a n d wide usage can be expected. This is a summary of one year's data applied to computations of temperature changes in the stratosphere.
T h e first w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d p u b l i c a t i o n w h i c h a n n o u n c e d t h e use of i n f r a r e d m e t h o d s i n d e t e r m i n i n g ozone d i s t r i b u t i o n s {3-5) a p p e a r e d i n 1956, c u l m i n a t i n g a y e a r - l o n g s t u d y of d a t a t h a t h a d b e e n c o l l e c t e d a t t h e A t m o s p h e r i c R e s e a r c h O b s e r v a t o r y since i t s e s t a b l i s h m e n t i n 1 9 5 3 . S h o r t l y a f t e r t h e a p p e a r a n c e of t h i s a n n o u n c e m e n t , t h e present a u t h o r s w e r e i n f o r m e d t h a t G o o d y of t h e U n i v e r s i t y of L o n d o n w a s w o r k i n g i n d e p e n d e n t l y o n a s i m i l a r s c h e m e {6). T h e r e w e r e s e v e r a l s u b s t a n t i a l differences b e t w e e n t h e m e t h o d s d e v e l o p e d i n L o n d o n a n d i n F l a g s t a f f , b u t t h e i m p o r t a n t f e a t u r e of b o t h w a s t h a t i n f r a r e d o b s e r v a t i o n s — - i n p a r t i c u l a r , m e a s u r e m e n t s of e m i s s i o n b y t h e ozone i n t h e 9 . 6 - m i c r o n b a n d — w e r e u t i l i z e d . T h e s e m e t h o d s a t t r a c t e d so m u c h i n t e r e s t t h a t t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l O z o n e C o m m i t t e e of t h e W o r l d M e t e o r o l o g i c a l O r g a n i z a t i o n a p p o i n t e d a p a n e l o n i n f r a r e d m e t h o d s , w h o s e f u n c t i o n w a s t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n of s t a n d a r d i z e d p r o c e d u r e s f o r m o r e g e n e r a l use of t h e V O D A R O t e c h n i q u e , i n p a r t i c u l a r f o r t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l G e o p h y s i c a l Y e a r , c o m b i n i n g the developments arising f r o m the w o r k done i n Flagstaff a n d i n L o n d o n . T h i s p a n e l m e t i n L o n d o n e a r l y i n 1957. T h o s e p a r t i c i p a t i n g w e r e R . M . G o o d y ( c o n v e n e r ) a n d W . T . R o a c h , U n i v e r s i t y of L o n d o n ; M . V . M i g e o t t e , E . V i g r o u x , a n d H . A . G e b b i e , U n i v e r s i t y of L i e g e ; H . K . P a e t z o l d , M a x P l a n c k I n s t i t u t e , Weissenau; C . D . Walshaw, Oxford University; L . D . K a p l a n , Princeton University; a n d E . S. E p s t e i n , representing A . A d e l . V O D A R O m e a s u r e m e n t s , i n a d d i t i o n t o those b e i n g c a r r i e d o u t i n t h i s c o u n t r y a n d i n E n g l a n d , a r e u n d e r w a y a t A r o s a , S w i t z e r l a n d , u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n of M i g e o t t e ; a n d P a e t z o l d i s p l a n n i n g i n s t a l l a t i o n of e q u i p m e n t a t W e i s s e n a u , G e r m a n y , w h e r e he w i l l be a b l e t o m a k e d i r e c t c o m p a r i s o n s a m o n g t h e results of V O D A R O , u m k e h r m e a s u r e 221
OZONE CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY Advances in Chemistry; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1959.
A D V A N C E S IN
222
CHEMISTRY SERIES
m e r i t s , a n d d i r e c t b a l l o o n o b s e r v a t i o n s of t h e v e r t i c a l ozone o b s e r v a t i o n s . These c o m p a r i s o n s are, of course, e s s e n t i a l , a n d t h e i m p o r t a n c e of P a e t z o l d ' s efforts a l o n g t h i s l i n e c a n n o t be m i n i m i z e d . the
VODARO
Method
S e v e r a l p a r a m e t e r s are o b s e r v e d : t o t a l a m o u n t of ozone ( D o b s o n spectro p h o t o m e t e r ) , a b s o r p t i o n i n t h e 9 . 6 - m i c r o n b a n d , a n d e m i s s i o n f r o m t h e ozone a t s e v e r a l different z e n i t h d i s t a n c e s . T h e v a l u e of e a c h of these o b s e r v a t i o n s m a y be expressed as t h e s u m of c o n t r i b u t i o n s f r o m t h e different l a y e r s of t h e ozone. T o t a l a m o u n t of ozone i s , of course, m e r e l y t h e s u m of t h e a m o u n t s i n e a c h l a y e r ; t h e i n f r a r e d a b s o r p t i o n , h o w e v e r , is p r e s s u r e - d e p e n d e n t a n d a p r e s s u r e - d e p e n d e n c e t e r m m u s t be i n t r o d u c e d . T h e s u m s are s o m e w h a t m o r e c o m p l i c a t e d f o r t h e e m i s s i o n , b u t s t i l l are easily c a l c u l a t e d . T h e p r o b l e m is t o find a d i s t r i b u t i o n of ozone w h i c h w i l l g i v e rise t o t h e
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