SEPTEMBER 15, 1939
ANALYTICAL EDITION
Spirits which contain approximately equal proportions of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics, however, have good solvency for any of the spirit-soluble resins. Theoretical background based on the work of McBain, Kraemer, and Staudinger provides a reasonable explanation of the fact that relatively high viscosities are obtained when resins are dispersed in solvents which do not contain enough of the right type of molecule to solvate them completely. The logarithm of the kinematic viscosity is proportional to the concentration expressed as grams of resin per gram mole of solvent. This is an extension of the generalization of Staudinger, and accounts for the lower viscosity of dispersions prepared with low-boiling cuts of spirits. The entire study reported is confined to spirits or cuts lying within the boiling range of 300 O to 400 O F. A means of standardizing the petroleum spirits used as a working standard is given. The ultimate standard is a mixture of equal volumes of diethylbenzene, decahydronaphthalene, and isooctane. The resin solvency test is recommended as precise and quantitative, showing relative solvent power of spirits for resins on a cold-cut basis and in the absence of any third component.
Literature Cited (1) Am. Soc. Testing Materials, Designation D445-38T. (2) Baker, F., J. Chem. SOC.,103, 1653-75 (1913). (3) Baldeschwieler, E. L., Morgan, M. D . , and Troeller, W. J., IND.ENG.CHEM.,Anal. Ed., 9, 540-3 (1937). (4) Baldeschwieler, E. L., Troeller, W. J., and Morgan, M. D., Ibid., 7,374 (1935). (5) Beard, L. C., Shipp, V. L., and Spelshouse, W. E., Ibid., 5, 307 (1933). (6) Biltz, H., tr. by Jones, H. C., and King, S. H., “Practical Methods for Determining Molecular Weights,” pp. 128, 194, Easton, Penna., Chemical Publishing Co., 1899. (7) Bruson, H. A., U. S. Patent 1,846,247, assigned to Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. (1932). (8) Doolittle, A. K., IND. ENG.CHEM.,30, 189-203 (1938). (9) Duclaux and Wollman, Bull. soc. chim., (4) 27, 417 (1920).
483
Ellis, Carleton, IND. ENG.CHEM.,28, 1130 (1936). Gardner, H. A., “Examination of Paints, Varnishes, Lacquers, Colors,” Washington, D. C., Institute of Paint & Varnish Research, 1935. Joachim, B., Applied Paint Varnish Chem., 2, 215 (American Paint Journal Co., St. Louis, Mo., 1937). Kiehl, S. R., Sci. Sec., Am. Paint Varnish Mfrs. Assoc., Circ. 319, 585-98 (1927). Kraemer, E. O., IND.ENG.CHEM.,30,1200 (1938). Krumbhaar, W., “Chemistry of Synthetic Surface Coatings,” New York, Reinhold Publishing Corp., 1937. Kurtz, S. S., Jr., U. 5.Patent 2,052,411, assigned to Wingfoot Corp. (1936). Kurtz, S. S., Jr., Lipkin, M. R., and Harvey, W. T., IND. ENQ. CHEM.,Anal. Ed., 11, 484 (1939). McArdle, E. H., Chem. Met. Eng., 44, 598-601 (1937). McBain, J. W., J . Phys. Chem., 239-47 (1926). McBain, J. W., Grant, E. M., and Smith, L. E., Ibid., 38, 121731 (1934). McBain, J. W., Haney, C. E., and Smith, L. E., Ibid., 30,312-52 (1926). Mantell, C. L., and Skett, A., IND.ENG. CHEM.,30, 417-22 (1938). Philadelphia Paint & Varnish Production Club Committee on Solvents, “Proximate Analysis of Hydrocarbon Thinners,” Girc. 568, Sci. Sect., Natl. Paint, Varnish, Lacquer Assoc. (November, 1938). Pickard, G. H., “Volatile Thinners,” p. 32-8, American Paint Journal Company, St. Louis (year of publication not given). Picket, C. F., Oficial Digest Federation Paint & Varnish Production Clubs, No. 177, 300 (June, 1938). Schwartz, H., 2. Chem. I n d . Kolloide, 12, 32 (1913); J . SOC. Chem. Ind., 32, 191 (1913). Staudinger, H., “Die hochmolekularen organischen Verbin’ dungen,” Berlin, Julius Springer, 1932. Staudinger, H., Kolloid Z.,51, 71 (1930). Staudinger, H., 2. physik. Chem., (A) 153,410 (1931). Stewart, J. R . , Sci. Sect., Am. Paint Varnish Mfrs. Assoc., Circ. 378, 143-53 (1931). (31) Toby, E. M., Oficial Digest Federation Paint & Varnish Production Clubs, No. 176, 261 (May, 1938). (32) Ware, V. W., and Teeters, W. O., IND. ENG. CHEM., 31, 738 (1939). (33) Willihnganz, E. A,, McCluer, W. B., Fenske, M. R., and McGrew, R. V., Ibid., Anal. Ed., 6, 231 (1934). PRESENTED before the Division of Paint and Varnish Chemistry at the 97th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Baltimore, Md.
Vial Holder JOHN A. QUENSE AND WILLIAM M. DEHN University of Washington, Seattle, Wash.
T
HE vial holder depicted is of great convenience for heating test tubes or vials or filtering into them, as its large base prevents spilling. The holder is constructed of two pieces of No. 13 W. & M. spring brass wire or No. 16 W. & M. copper-plated steel wire, one piece forming most of the ring, including the two spirals, and the other forming the jaws and the part of the ring connecting the two spirals. The ring may be 3 to 4 inches or more in diameter, the size of wire being increased with the larger diameters. In filling or filtering into vials or test tubes, the holder frees both hands for manipulation. The jaws may be adjusted to allow any desired portion of a vial to project into a steam bath for heating. When heating on a hot plate, the vial can be raised from the plate to vary the intensity of heating. The holder serves as an individual test tube rack, facilitating the observation of exothermic and other reactions.
V~AL HOLDER
