Western Chemical Information FREDERICK J. HERE is n o "Open Sesame" to western chemical information. Anything worth knowing is difficult to find. In this respect, all sections of the country are similar. There are certain differences, however, between the western 11 states and other areas. In the first place, the chemical industry is not highly developed and integrated as in the East. For the most part, the units are small because production is geared to the needs of the 11 states, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, N e w Mexico, and Arizona, not to the entire country. Industry growth will be a direct function of population. Tho 11 western states must be considered as an economic unit. T h e Rocky Mountains are an effective barrier to the economic transport of many goods. An increasing number of firms are recognizing that it is cheaper to make certain commodities in the West than to pay the freight across the mountains. This presentation is not designed to lure chemical industry out here, but to tell where to find information o n what is already here. There are often so fewproducers of a particular chemical that publication of its total western production would reveal how much the individual firms made. Most Census statistics are of limited value in giving regional data because of the national scope. T h e term "chemical information" has been interpreted liberally. I t includes all those factors that must be known for successful operation of a chemical company. This means data on markets, freight rates, population, per capita income, utilities, legislation, raw materials, and labor. California is presented in considerable detail because its chemical development has been greatest and most diversified. Also, many of California's sources should be considered representative of similar ones in the other states. T h e sources of information presented are by no means complete. General Trade Publications CHEMICAL
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Chemistry,
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SOCIETY, Washington, D . C .
Chemical Engineering, Pacific Process Industries section, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., N . Y . Western Industry, King Publications, San Francisco, Calif. Chejnical Industries, MacLean-Hunter Publishing Corp., N. Y. Chemical Engineering Progress, American Institute of Chemical Engineers publication, New York, N . Y. California Among the organizations most interested i n industrial development of an
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area are t h e railroads, public utilities, and banks. T h e y employ engineers, traffic and rate experts, and market researchers t o ferret out statistics on which to base their o w n rates, operation, and expansion. These same data are i m portant to firms desirous of locating in areas served b y these organizations. Railroads Southern Pacific Co., 65 Market St., San Francisco. Western Pacific Railway, 526 Mission St., San Francisco. Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Co., 121 East Sixth St., Los Angeles. Union Pacific Railroad Co., Union Pacific Bldg., 422 West Sixth St.. Los Angeles. Publishes Industrial Properties, Los Angeles. Modesto and Empire Traction Co.. Modesto. Public Utilities Pacific Gas and Electric Co.. 245 Market St., San Francisco. Coast Counties Gas and Electric C o Santa Cruz. Southern California Edison Co.. 601 West Fifth St., Los Angeles. Department of Water and Power, City of Los Angeles, 207 South Broadway. Los Angeles. Publications include survey report F.O.B. Los Angeles. also m o n t h l y , The Production Expediter. Banks Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 400 Sansome St., San Francisco. Publishes Monthly Review of Business Conditions. Bank of America, 300 Montgomery St., S a n Francisco. Publishes California Trend. Wells Fargo Bank and Union Trust Co., 4 Montgomery St., San Francisco. Publishes monthly bulletin The Business Outlook. Security First National Bank of Los Angeles, 561 South Spring St.. Los Angeles. Publishes Monthly Summary of Business Condition* iti Southern California. Chambers of Commerce are extremely valuable sources of information. During recent years there has been a healthy trend toward hiring technically-trained men to staff industrial and research departments of the more active and progressive chambers. As a result, really useful surveys, reports on new industries and relocations of old, press tours, releases, and bulletins are now available. Chambers of Commerce California State Chamber of Commerce, 350 Bush St., San Francisco, publishes Economic Survey of California and Its Counties 1946. General supplement 1948; not b y counties. Handbook of Sources of Economic Data Pertaining to California. 1941. California Yesterday — Today — T o morrow—Its Resources, Economy, and Postwar Opportunities. April
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Factory Location in California. A guide to sources and services. 1947. Manufacturing Trends in California. 1939-1946. 1947. Economic Survey Series—Economic Data o n California. Manufacturers' Directory Sources in California, April 1948. Digest of California T a x Laws, 1946. Supplement 1949. Digest of California Labor Laws, 1948. Directory of Chambers of C o m merce in California, 1947. Supplement November 1948. Directory of Trade Organizations in California, 1947. California Profile, 1947. California's Industrial Resources—A Summary of the Major Factors in Plant Location. 1949. Sources of Economic and Business Information in the 11 Western States. 1949. San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, 333 Pine St., San Francisco. The San Francisco B a y Region as a Factory Location. 1946. Bay Region Business. Monthly review. San Francisco and the B a y Area, 1948. Economic survey. San Francisco Manufacturers' Directory. Part 8, Chemical Products, August 1947. Technical Data—Manufact urers, 1948. The Plastics Industry in San Francisco and the B a y Area, 1949. Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, 1151 South Broadway, Los Angeles. General Industrial Report for Los Angeles County. Periodic summary. Manufacturers' Directory. The Plastics Industry in Los Angeles County. The Western Steel Industry. Branch Plant Location Survey. 1946. Minerals of the Southwest—1946. 1947. Los Angeles—The Magic City and County." Southern California Business. Weekly. Southern California Crops. Annual. Other Chambers of Commerce Look to the Markets of the Far West. 1946, Long Beach. San Diego—As Others See U s . 1945. Commercial and Industrial Survey— City and County of San Diego. D a y and Zimmerman Report. 5 volumes, 1945. San Bernardino—Industrial Report. 1941, San Bernardino. Riverside. 1945. Riverside. Bakersfield—City of Industrial Opportunity. 1946, Bakerfield. H o w t o Win the Markets of the N e w West. 1947, Oakland. Richmond Wins the Peace. 1945 Richmond. Vallejo—Center of the Industrial San Francisco B a y Area. 1946, Vallejo. This I s Industrial Redwood City. 1946 Redwood City. Postwar Pacific Coast—The Story of Santa Clara County. 1945, San Jose.
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Stockton, California—The Port of Opportunity. 1944, Stockton. An Industrial Survey of Salinas. 1947, Salinas. Kern County Industrial Sites. 1945, Kern County. San Francisco Bay Area Council, Inc., 315 Montgomery St., San Francisco. Industrial Locations in the San Francisco B a y Area. 1949. 1948 Economic Series Reports. San Francisco B a y Region Industrial Studies. 1946. Industrial Survey of the B a y Area — Finance—Shipping—Insurance. 1947. Directory Federal and State Agencies, San Francisco Bay Area. 1948. Newspapers Among the newspapers that conduct surveys on product consumption are: San Francisco Examiner San Jose Mercury and Herald News Sacramento Bee Fresno Bee For excellent survey articles: The Wall Street Journal, PacificCoast Edition For construction news commercial information:
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The Daily Commercial New*. San Francisco Commercial News, Los Angeles ACS Local Section publications often carry information of this sort. Useful sources of information are the colleges and universities, especially the departments of chemistry, chemical engineering, metallurgy, mining, and agriculture. This is due not only to the specialized libraries connected with these departments, but also because of the faculty members who have taken part in the initial collection of these data. For information of scientific value, many of the institutions of higher learning publish bulletins on their research and development activities. This is highly developed wherever the college possesses an associated institute of technology. Word-of-mouth information may be obtained in m a n y ways, for example, meetings and expositions. Meetings ACS national. Local Section: California. Southern California. Sacramento, M o h a v e Desert. Boulder D a m , San Gorgonio, San Diego. San Jose and Fresno subsections. American Institute of Chemical E n gineers local sections. Northern and Southern California. Chemical market research groups. San Francisco and Los Angeles. Other groups such as American I n stitute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, American Institute of Chemists. Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, T h e Los Angeles Rubber Group, Inc., American Society for Testing Materials, Electrochemical Societv, California Natural Gas Association, Paper Makers and Associates of Southern California, Society of Automotive Engineers, American S o ciety of Industrial Engineers, S o -
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ciety of Aircraft Materials and Process Engineers, American S o ciety for Metals, and the American Petroleum Institute. Expositions Pacific Chemical Exposition. Alternate years. B a y Area Industrial Exposition. A n nual. Technical Scientific Societies Council of San Diego. Annual. Western Metal Congress and Western Metal Exposition. Other trade associations and professional societies m a y provide important collateral sources of specialized information on such matters as existing manufacturing facilities, sources of supply for basic or semifinished materials, prevailing labor conditions and labor relations practices, markets, freight rate structure, and similar matters in the scope of their activities. Among the larger industrial trade associations with full time staffs are the following: Trade associations and professional societies American M i n i n g Congress, California Chapter, 300 Montgomery St., San Francisco. Western Oil and Gas Association, Room 1217. 510 West Sixth St., Los Angeles. Pacific Coast Cement Institute, Room 407, 608 South Hill St., Los Angeles. Oil Producers Agency of California, 417 South Hill St., Los Angeles. Publishes bulletin periodically giving statistics on production of California crude oil. National Association of Manufacturers, Pacific Coast office, Russ Bldg., San Francisco. Pacific Southwest office, 523 West Sixth St., Los Angeles. California Fertilizer Association. 403 West Eighth St.. Los Angeles. Pacific Coast Association of Soap Manufacturers, 510 South Spring St., Los Angeles. Western Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association, 368 North Bronson Ave., L.os Angeles. T h e Los Angeles Rubber Group. Inc., M a y fair Hotel. 1256 West Seventh St., L.os Angeles. California Manufacturers Association, Mills Tower, San Francisco. California Fish Canners Association. Ferry Bldg., Terminal Island, Los Angeles. California Sardine Products Institute, 255 California St., San Francisco. Western Frozen Food Processors Association, 244 California St., San Francisco. Wine Institute, 717 Market St.. San Francisco; 126 West Third St., Los Angeles. California Redwood Association, 405 Montgomery St., San Francisco. The Rubber Institute, 681 Market St., San Francisco. Portland Cement Information B u reau, 564 Market St., San Francisco. American Marketing Association, San Francisco Bay Area Chapter, care of National Analyst. 681 Market St., San Francisco. Southern California Chapter care of Moffett Research Co., 6253 H o l l y wood Blvd., Hollywood.
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A number of government agencies are sources of useful chemical information. Government agencies __ U. S. Department of Agriculture, Western Regional Research Laboratory, 800 Buchanan St., Albany. California State Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Chemistry, State u t fice Bldg. 1, Sacramento. . Fertilizing Materials—1947. Special Publication N o . 227. Major Economic Forces Affecting Agriculture with Particular Reference to California. 1947. California Fruit and N u t Crop Acreage Estimates. California State Department of N a tural Resources, Division of Mines, Ferry Bldg., San Francisco. . m Mineral Industry of California m 1947. Western Paint and Varnish Industry as Consumer of Chemicals. 1949. California Mineral Production and Directory of Mineral Producers for 1946. Bulletin N o . 139. Mineral Resources of California by Counties nnd Production for 1917. Bulletin N o . 124. Economic Mineral Resources and Production of California. Bulletin N o . 130. California State Reconstruction and Re-employment Commission. 631 J St., Sacramento. . Estimated Range for Population Growth in California to 1960. 1946. California Steel and Steel Using I n dustries. 1946. Employment in California. Monthly bulletin. N e w Factories in California Communities. IT. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, R e gional Office, 101 Federal Office Bldg., San Francisco. Public Utilities Commission of the State of California, State Bldg., San Francisco. IT. S. Department of Commerce, 555 Bat.torv St., San Francisco. California — County Basic D a t a Sheets. Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce. Directory of Commercial and College Laboratories. National B u reau of Standards, Miscellaneous publication M187, issued Aug. 30, 1947. Bureau of the Census Reports. California Forest and Range Experiment Station, Giannini Hall, University of California, Berkeley. U. S. Bureau of Minos, Metal E c o nomics Division, 555 Battery St., San Francisco. Metal production data. P e troleum Economics Division, 1545 U. S. Post Office and Court House Building, Los Angeles. Pacific Experiment Station. Hearst Memorial Bldg., University of California, Berkeley. National Resources Planning Board. Pacific Southwest Region Industrial Development. December 1942. After the War—New Jobs in the Pacific Southwest. M a y 1943. As might be expected, the chemical industry provides a number of good sources of chemical information. The public; relations departments arrange plant tours when new facilities are opened. Either public relations or publicity departments distribute information on personnel as well as house organs and news releases. T h e advertising d e partments can be valuable as sources of
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information o n new products, largely from a specification standpoint. Miscellaneous sources of western chemical information are gathered in this section. Worthy of separate mention is The Commonwealth Club of California, a civic organization which studies and reports on a variety of current problems. There are regularly scheduled meetings of the following sections: Agriculture, Atomic B o m b , I n dustrial Relations, Mineral Industries, and Public Utilities among others. T h e findings of these groups are of interest in a general chemical way. Detailed reports on water, power, and agricultureare of specific interest. Miscellaneous Sources of Chemical Information California's Fuel Outlook (Oil, Gas. Electric Power). Special issue of The Commonwealth, J u n e 21,1948. Commonwealth Club of California. Agricultural Chemicals, Volume II. N o . 6, 47 (June 1947). "Use and N e e d of Insecticides in California." California Monthly, M a y 1945, University of California Alumni Association. "Plastics in California'* Postwar Picture." The Petroleum D a t a Book. Published annually by the Petroleum Engineer Publishing C o . Coalings. Published weekly by the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, 1500 Rhode Island Ave.. N. W.f Washington 5. D . C. Farts on the Basic Economy of the Pacific Coast. Foster and Kleiser. October 1943. Western Paint Review. Linley P u b lishing Co., Los Angeles. Sources and Distribution of Income in California. Dean Witter & Co., 1939. Power of the West, Fortune, January 1948. Moody's Directory. Thomas' Register. Proceedings of the First Annual Research Conference, January 1949. San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, University of California. Stanford University, Stanford Research Institute. Statistics on California Commodities. San Francisco B a y Regional Chapter o f Special Libraries Association assisted b y School of Librarianship, University of California. Directory of California Manufacturers. 1949. California Manufacturers Association. Consumer's Price Index—San Francisco, Oakland. January 1929April 1948. National Industrial Conference Board. California Magazine of the Pacific. California State Chamber of Commerce. List of Publications. 1948. California State Chamber of C o m merce. The Commonweath, Aug. 1, 1949, Commonwealth Club of California. "Can California Get Enough Water?" Oregon In addition to the normal Oregon sources of information such as the
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chemical industry, railroads, public utilities, and banks, there are others which are worthy of separate mention. Government agencies are covered in the accompanying article by W. C. M c l n d o e . Raw Materials Survey, 701 Wbodlark Bldg., Portland, was organized April 1947 and is sponsored by the chambers of commerce, banks, port authorities, steamship operators, utilities, and industries in the Northwest. This nonprofit organization does just what its name implies. Publications News Letter. Monthly bulletin. Industrial Silica for Pacific Northwest Industries. Report N o . 1. Oct. 15, 1946; revised June 1948 Principal Chemical and Metallurgical Industries Pacific Northwest. Information Circular No. 3, April 1, 194S; revised December 1948. Research Laboratories of the PacificNorthwest. Information Circula? N o . 4. June 1948. Industrial Coal Available t o Pacific Northwest Industries. Resource Report N o . 4. (fuel svmposium edition), February 1949. Possible N e w Industries for the Lowrer Columbia River Area Based on Imported or Off-Shore Raw Materials. November 19-18. The Portland Chamber of Commerce Industrial Department works in close cooperation with the Raw Materials Survey, and prepared a number of the above publications. T h e chemistry department at the University of Oregon, Eugene, and the chemistry and chemical engineering departments at Oregon State College, Corvallis, are valuable sources of information. T h e Oregon Business Review h» prepared b y the Bureau of BusinessResearch, School of Business Administration, University of Oregon. Articles of special'interest appeared in t h e March 1948 issue entitled, "Census Data Show Trends in Oregon Industries"; "Raw Materials Survey Will Aid Northwest Industry"; "Income Trends in Oregon and the United States." Washington Government Agencies U. S. Bureau of Mines, Northwesi Experiment Station, Seattle. Published Refractory Materials of the Pacific Northwest, June 1948. State of Washington, Department of Conservation and Development. Transportation Building, Olympia. T h e University of Washington, Seattle, and the State College of Washington. Pullman, are both useful sources of information. The Institute of Technology at the latter publishes a series of bulletins describing its research and development projects. In addition, othei divisions have published chemically interesting bulletins such as the following: Possibilities for Electrochemical and Electrometallurgical Industries in the Pacific Northwest Utilizing
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Bonneville and Grand Coulee Power and tne Raw Materials Resources of the Region—What Others Think.v Information Circular N o . 19, T h e State College of Washington, State Metallurgical Research Laboratories and Mining Experiment Station, April 1940. Estimated Electric Power Demandsfor Certain Electrochemical and Metallurgical Industries in the Pacific Northwest Over a Period of Thirty Years. Information Circular N o . 11, State College of Washington, Metallurgical Research Bureau, School of Mine? and Geology, June 21, 1985: second printing M a y 1941 Chambers of Commerce Seattle Plastics Directory—1946 Seattle Chamber of Commerce. Sulphuric Acid Market Survey of Pacific Northwest (as related t o Tacoma Smelter of American Smelting and Refining Company). Tacoma Chamber of Commerce, July 11, 1947. Phenol Market in Pacific Northwest. Tacoma Chamber of Commerce, Aug. 14. 1947. N ewspapers Certain newspapers conduct survey* on product consumption. Seattle Times Spokane Daily Chronicle Spokesman-Review (Spokane) For construction news and related t-ommercial information, there is the Seattle Daily Journal of Commerce. Miscellaneous sources of information Douglas Fir Plywood Association, Tacoma. ACS Local Section publications. Pacific Northwest Trade Association, Olympic Hotel, Seattle. Conferences on trade and development promotion Utah Increasing cognizance of Utah's natural resources will n o doubt lead toward an integrated source of chemical information. At present, this does not exist. T h e vast resources of coal, salines, potash, clay, silica, limestone, gypsum,, sulfur, oil shale, and perhaps oil itself will n o doubt someday be bases for a thriving chemical industry. The burgeoning steelmaking operations at Geneva should also b e a factor in this development. The most productive information founts are at the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, and the Salt Lake C i t y Chamber of Commerce, I n dustrial Department. T h e Bureau of Economic and Business Research, College of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, publishes q u a r t e r l y t h e Utah Economic and Business Review. This is printed under a grant from the Industrial Development Committee of the Salt Lake CityChamber of Commerce. Nevada T h e Nevada state agency, the C o l o rado River Commission, is middleman between War Assets Administration and
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chemical firms interested in taking ovei facilities of the war-built basic magnesium plant at Henderson. At present, Western Electrochemical Co. is making sodium and potassium chlorates and potassium perchlorate. Stauffer Chemical Co. is making caustic and chlorine. New York-Ohio Chemical Co. (jointly owned by Stauffer and Harshaw Chemical Cos.) uses some of the chlorine to make aluminum chloride. Montrose Chemical Corp. of California (joint venture of Stauffer and Montrose Chemical Corp.) produces monochlorobenzene and chloral, which are then used to make D D T in the Torrance, Calif., plant of Montrose. Ammecco Chemicals, Inc., makes chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated benzenes, and alkyl aryl sulfonate detergents Coulter, Harden & Co. is producing anhydrous chlorides of Mg, Ca, Ba, anil Mn. The best sources of information are the chemical companies themselves There is no rent™J information repository.
is largely appended to mining operations. For example, the Anaconda Copper Co.. Anaconda, makes sulfuric acid for subsequent production of treble superphosphate. Chemical research work is carried out both at the Montana State College at Bozeman, and also at the Greater University of Montana at Missoula. Information on these activities is available from George Selke, chancellor of the Greater University of Montana, and chairman of the Montana Research F a cility Task Forces. Data on industrial chemical applications ran be obtained from Earl Bardwell. superintendent of Copper Refineries, Anaconda Copper Co.. Great Falls and chairman of the Montana Chemical Industries Task Force. Montana Industrial Directory. 1946. Montana Chamber of Commerce. Helena. The Shift Is West. Montana Junior Chamber of Commerce in cooperation with the Greater University of Montana.
Montana There is no highly developed chemical industry in Montana. What does exist
Colorado Chemical activity in this state is intimately associated with mineral processing.
Government Agencies Department of Interior, Bureau of Mines, Rifle. Shale oil pilot plant. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, Golden. Liquid fuelp from coal. Universities and Colleges Colorado School of Mines, Golden University of Colorado, Boulder. University of Denver. Denver. Institutes Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute, Equitable Bldg., Denver. Sources of chemical information arc few and far between in Wyoming, Idaho. N"ew Mexico, and Arizona. Local chambers of commerce and the state universities are cooperative. The University of Idaho, with campuses a t Pocatello and Moscow, has organized a research council at Moscow that is a data source T h e tremendous phosphate deposits in Idaho provide the basis for a fertilizer industry around Pocatello. Research on oil shale is being done by the IJ. S Bureau of Mines at Laramie, Wyo. Potassium salts are recovered around Carlsbad. N . M. T h e chemical companies located in these areas are the only sources of chemical information.
Studies on Chemical Plant Locations W. C. MCINDOE, Portland, Ore. / V T THE request of the Division of Chemical Literature of the ACS. the following review of some literature sources on western chemical and procesF industries has been prepared. N o attempt has been made to report on patent literature. Also, from the viewpoint of feasibility studies of possible western locations of plants, western literature is fragmentary and incomplete, as the technical press of the West bases itself upon and serves those industries financially able to support such press. A major source of information was developed in the course of feasibility studies of western plant locations of electrochemical, electrometallurgical, and chemical process industries by the North Pacific Division of the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, in Portland, Ore.; the Industrial West Foundation, San Francisco; and Bonneville Power Administration, Portland. Under directives of Congress for the development of the Far West, the Corps of Engineers, the Department of the Interior, Forest Service, Bureau of Reclamation, and the Department of Agriculture have all made studies of the West's needs and desires coupled with public hearings. Of these, the original "308 Report" U) dealt with the recommended development of the Columbia River and tributaries and led to the construction of the Bonneville
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Dam as the first unit in the program. While the dam was under construction in 1935 the Corps of Engineers began a series of feasibility studies with a view to the development of markets for hydroelectric power in the Columbia River Basin. Work was discontinued in 1937 when Congress established the Bonneville Power Administration and charged the Interior Department with marketing of power from the federal system. T h e studies, eight in all. are now out of print but are available in various public and college libraries of the Pacific Northwest and of course in Washington. D . C. In late 1937 the Industrial West, Inc.. was organized in San Francisco as a nonprofit, fact-finding business and industrial service organization, backed by federal and state governments and by private and public power agencies. Its purpose was to prepare an exhaustive factual report covering every phase of western industrialization: raw materials, transportation, power, and markets. Later reorganization as the Industrial West Foundation made first publication possible in 1944 (2), with supplements intended to keep the data current. Natural Resources Four of t h e eight neers' North Pacific raw materials (1A, pendix N of the
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reports of the EngiDivision dealt with IB, 1C, ID). Apreport contains a
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wealth of data on resources and feasibility. The library of the Bonneville Power Administration is valued at between $150,000 and $200,000 and has a collection of geological and mineral information consisting of official technical reports, books, and pamphlets, including reproductions of out-of-print material, of the various geological surveys and mining bureaus, including those of the 11 states: Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho. Nevada. Montana. Wyoming. Colorado. Utah, N e w Mexico, and Arizona. The Bonneville Power Administration has also published (3) a collection of location maps for 25 strategic and other minerals in August 1939, with a revision to 41 minerals in April 1940, and t o 51 minerals in July 1941. This can b e found in the libraries of colleges and other libraries of the Northwest. Feasibility Studies Sources for feasibility studies include a number of technical magazines and several book-length studies. A bulletin b y H. K. Benson (4) contains 38 individual studies. Its companion (o) contains 27 individual studies. Ivan Bloch, chief, industrial and resources development division, Bonneville Power Administration, wrote several articles on feasibility (6-10). Other refer-
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