RESEARCH RESULTS . . . immediately auailable
I
All manuscripts listed here are being considered for possible publication in I&EC and I&EC quarterlies. They are available to I&EC subscribers a t reproduction and handling cost, a t any time prior to publication. Papers withdrawn from consideration will generally remain available for 90 days if authors approve. A Research Results Service manuscript should be treated as a personal communication. Reference to its content in any publication should have the author’s prior approval. Please use the printed coupon, and include payment with your order.
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Total Remittance (check, money order, cash) (Payable to American Chemical Society) Send lo:
Research Results Service, I&EC 1 1 55 Sixteenth Street, N.W.
Washington, D. C.
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SUBSCRIBER’S NAME. ............................... ADDRESS .......................................
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Free Convection of a liquid Melal from a Uniformly Heated Vertical Plate
Concenlralion Polarization on Ion Exchange Resin Membranes in Eleclrodialylic Demineralization
Kun So0 Chang, Northwesletn University and Argonne National Laboratory R. G. Akins, Argonne National Laboratory S . G. Bankoff, Northwestern University
W. G. B. Mandersloot and R. E . Hicks, Counctl f o r Scientzj5c and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Afrzca
First-order perturbation analysis of free convection from an isothermal vertical finite plate has been extended to the case of uniform heat flux. Ms. 6 4 - 2 7 2
26 pages, including 79 jgures, 7 table
$3.00
Methods for determination of concentration polarization on ion exchange resin membranes in narrow electrodialysis cells filled with spacer materials are discussed. A method using currentless probe electrodes is introduced. An equation which describes adequately concentration polarization in spacerfilled electrodialysis membrane pack compartments is presented. Ms. 64-288
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Thermal Decomporrition of Sodium Dithionite in Aqueous Solution
Robert G. Rinker, Scott Lynn, Dauid M . Mason, and William H . Corcoran, California Institute of Technology Rates of decomposition of sodium dithionite in aqueous solution were measured for the temperature range of 60° to 80’ C. From those data, the reaction was found to be half-order with respect to hydrogen ion and three-halves order with respect to dithionite. A suggested mechanism involves SOz- and HS02. Ms. 64-283
30 pages, including 12~?gures,2 tables
2 0 Q a p s , including Gfigures, 2 tables
$2.00
Binary Copolymer Azeotropes
Jerome A . Seiner, Piltsburgli Plate Glass Company Reviews method for calculating binary copolymer azeotropes and presents graphs which simplify computations. Includes a table of useful examples. Ms. 64-289
7 pages including 2$gures, 7 table
$7 .00
$3.00 Preparation of Polyglycolamines
Time Oplimum Conlrol of Second Order Overdamped Syslems with Transporlalion l a g
G. P . SQeran%a, S. D. Lesesne, and E. L. Yeakey, Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc.
L. B. Koppel and P . R. Latour, Purdue University
Monoethanolamine can be ethoxylated with preservation of the primary amino group by employing a Schiff base prepared from the amine and a ketone. Sodium is a selective reaction catalyst. T h e desired polyglycolamines are recovered by hydrolysis of the Schiff base.
T h e time optimum bang-bang control function for a secondorder overdamped system with transportation lag and manipulated variable saturation was derived. This controller provided significant response time improvement over a well tuned proportional-integral-derivative controller. Comparisons were made with various process parameters.
M s . 64-286
27Qages, including 7 3 j g u r e s , I table
$3.00
M s . 64-294
70 pages, including 2 tables
$1 .00
Adsorplion and Condensation Processes
J o h n B. Hudson and Sydney Ross, Rensselaer Polylechnic Institute The Tapered Flow Path and Concentration Polarization in Electrodialytic Demineraiizalion
W. G . B. Mandersloot and J . Koen, Council f o r ScientzQfc and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa Previously established correlation between limiting current density electrolyte concentration and flow velocity permits calculation of desired tapering of dialyzate compartments. Sea water needs a strong nonlinear taper; straight compartments are satisfactory for brackish.
Ms. 64-287
8 pages, including 2 j g u r e s
87.00
Considers relation of physical adsorption processes to first-order phase changes in systems where surface considerations are significant. Generalized phase diagram permits relation between bulk and monolayer condensation to be clearly seen. Kinetic effects also considered. Treatment is applied to systems of practical interest and relevance to technologically important processes shown. Ms. 64-300
26 pages, including 7figures
$3.00
( C o n t i n u e d on p a g e 9 3 ) VOL. 5 6
NO. 1 0
OCTOBER
1964
91
WHO MAKES PAINTS SPREAD BETTER, SOAPS LEAN BETTER, LOTIONS FEEL SMOOTHER?
Does it with AEROSOL* Surface Active Agents. Through their amazing detergent, dispersing, foaming and emulsifying powers, these versatile chemicals endow scores of products with more desirable properties. They are especially valuable in emulsion polymerization. Cosmetics, paints, polishes, detergents, plastic films are just a few products which benefit from AEROSOL Surfactants. Six outstanding grades are AEROSOL 18, 22, 109, OT 7 5 , OT 100, ancl T R 70. Who makes good products even better? Cyanamid does. Contact your distributor or write to: *Trademark
CYANAMID INTERNATIONAL, General Chemicals Department, Wayne, New Jersey Circle No. 506 on Readers' Service Card
92
INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING C H E M I S T R Y
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C Y A N A M I D
3
RESEARCH RESULTS
tert-Butylperoxy Isopropyl Carbonate. Catalyst
A New Polymerization
K . K . Verma and L. K. Doraiswamy, National Chemical Laboratory, Poona, India
W . A . Strong, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company Properties and uses described. BPIC as initiator increases capacity of polyethylene reactors as much as 10%. Effective in polymerization and copolymerization-bulk and solution as well as emulsion and dispersion also as crosslinking agent. Not sensitive to friction or mild mechanical shock.
M s . 64-303
15pages, including 3jFgures, 4 tables
Estimation of Heats of Formation of Organic Compounds
Proposed method predicts heat of formation of hydrocarbons in temperature range 300° to 1500' K. with average error of 1 .S%, and of nonhydrocarbon compounds in same range with average error of 0.93%. Ms. 64-315
25pages, including l f g u r e s , 13 tables
$3.00
$2.00 Salt Concentration at Phase Boundaries in Desalination Processes
The Cluster Model of Gas Adsorption
John Marangoxis, Union Carbide Corporation
T . K. Sherwood, P. L. T . Brian, and R. E. Fisher, Massachusetts Ittstitute of Technology, and L. Dresner, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
New model of physical adsorption for gases proposed. Leads to derivation of adsorption isotherms applicable over wide ranges of temperature and pressure for single component and mixture adsorption. Application of suggested equations shown for system hydrogen-carbon dioxide on activated carbons.
Magnitude of salt build-up effect investigated for turbulent and laminar flow in round tubes, and for laminar flow in twodimensional channel. This effect may become a serious problem as better membranes for reverse osmosis are developed.
M S . 64-305
Ms.64-322
23 pages, including 4 fgurcs
$3.00
2 6 pages, including 7Jgures
$3.00
liquid Permeation through Plastic Films Distillation Calculations for Complex lowers
R. B . Long, ESSOResearch and Engineering Company
Y u i Loong Wang and A . Paul Oleson, BurroughsCorporation
Classical diffusion model explains liquid permeation : Exponential concentration dependence of diffusivity leads to equations very sensitive to concentration of liquid in upstream side of film. Model experimentally tested for permeation of hydrocarbons through polypropylene film; predicts observed effect of downstream pressure as well as solvent absorption rate for bulk plastic.
New method for steady-state distillation problems involving complex towers applies Newton-Raphson technique to set of nonlinear algebraic equations which govern behavior of these towers. Convergence usually smooth and rapid. Extensions of method discussed.
M S .64-306
23 pages, including 8 tables
Crosslinking of Polyethylene.
83.00
Decomposition products of several peroxides identified using gas phase chromatography. Fate of decane established by analysis of resulting dimers. Results provide insight into crosslinking mechanism and give direct measure of efficiencies of peroxides; have been compared with crosslinking efficiencies in polyethylene. 18 pages, including I f g u r e s , 4 tables
36 pages, including 7 8 f g u r e s
$4.00
Dynamics of a Class of Nonlinear Distributed Parameter, Chemical Reactors
Study of a Model System
H. S. Blanchard, H. A . Dcwhurst, and M . M . Saford, General Electric Research Laboratory
Ms. 64-310
MS. 64-323
Lowell B. Koppel, Purdue University Dynamics of homogeneous tubular flow reactor with nonlinear kinetics solved, and exact solution compared with solutions to lineariied equations to assess accuracy of representation of such systems by their linearized dynamics. Linear solutions accurate when disturbances are less than 25% of design values. Extension of results to more complex reactors discussed. MS.64-325
26 pages, including 5fgures
83.00
$2.00 Chlorinated Xylene Derivatives for Flame-Retardant Rigid Polyurethane Foams
Heat Transfer In Parallel-Plate Channel with Periodic Boundary Conditions
Chia-Jung Hsu, Brookhaven National Laboratory Illustrates behavior of Nusselt number in periodic heat transfer process under assumption of slug flow between parallel plates.
Ms. 64-31 1
16 pages, including 3jFgures
82.00
Frank B. Slezak, John P . Stallings, and Irving Rosen, Diamond Alkali Company Polyols or their mixtures react with tetrachloroxylylene dichlorides, forming mixtures of chlorine-containing polyetherpolyols suitable for conversion into rigid polyurethane foams with built-in flame retardancy, even when diluted with substantial amounts of conventional polyols.
M S .64-329 Effect of Inclination on Radiant Heat Transfer through an Apellure with Reradialive Walls
Chia-Jung Hsu, Brookhaven National Laboratory
14 pages, including 4 tables
$2.00
Model and Experimental Results for Drainage of Solutlon between Foam Bubbles
Paul A . Hass and H. F . Johnson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Total radiation factors for radiative transfer through a rectangular aperture having reradiative walls are shown as a function of wall inclination. Also, analytical equations permit direct calculation of shape factors for radiative transfer between two arbitrary sizes of rectangles (having sides parallel to each other) located on mutually parallel or perpendicular planes.
Comparison of theoretical equations with data for four different foam drainage situations confirms postulate that drainage is principally through Plateau borders between bubbles. Use of equations permits flow rates and drainage conditions for countercurrent foam separation columns to be calculated.
Ms. 64-312
Ms. 64-330
24 pages, including 7fgures
$3.00
26pages, including 5fgures, 4 tables
VOL. 5 6
NO.
10
OCTOBER
83.00 1964
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