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Zinc oxide nanostructures modified textile and its application to biosensing, photocatalytic and as antibacterial material Amir Hatamie, Azam Khan, Mohsen Golabi, Anthony P. F. Turner, Valerio Beni, Wing Cheung Mak, Azar Sadollahkhani, Hatim Alnoor, Behrooz Zargar, Sumaira Bano, Omer Nur, and Magnus Willander Langmuir, Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02341 • Publication Date (Web): 15 Sep 2015 Downloaded from http://pubs.acs.org on September 19, 2015
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Zinc oxide nanostructures modified textile and its application to biosensing, photocatalytic and as antibacterial material Amir Hatamie 2,1,3*, Azam Khan1,4, Mohsen Golabi2, Anthony P.F. Turner2, Valerio Beni2,Wing Cheung MAK2,Azar Sadollahkhani1, 3, Hatim Alnoor1, Behrooz Zargar3,Sumaira Bano5, Omer
Nur1 and Magnus Willander1* 1
Department of Science and Technology (ITN), Linköping University, Sweden
2
Biosensors and Bioelectronics Centre (IFM), Linköping University, Sweden
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran
4
Department of Mathematics,NED University of Engineering & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
5
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Linköping,
Sweden.
Corresponding Authors: Amir Hatamie (
[email protected]) and Mugnus Willander (
[email protected]) Contact: 009411363646
Abstract Recently, one-dimensional nanostructures with different morphologies such as nanowires, nanorods, and nanotubes..etc. have become the focus of intensive research owing to their unique properties with potential applications. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials has been found to be highly attractive because of the remarkable potential for applications in many different areas such as solar cells, sensors, piezoelectric devices, photodiode devices, sun screens, anti-reflection coatings and photo catalysis. Here, we present an innovative approach to create a new modified textile by direct in-situ growth of vertically aligned one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanorods (NRs) onto textile surfaces, which can serve with potential for biosensing, photocatalysis and antibacterial applications. ZnO NRs were grown by using a simple aqueous chemical growth method. Analyses results such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron 1 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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microscopy (SEM) revealed that the ZnO NRs were dispersed over the entire surface of the textile. We have demonstrated the following applications of these multi-functional textiles as: 1) a flexible working electrode for detection of aldicarb (ALD) pesticide, 2) a photocatalyst for degradation of organic molecules (i.e. an organic dyes: methylene blue and Congo red as models); and 3) an antibacterial agents against Escherichia coli. The ZnO based textile exhibited excellent photocatalyticand antibacterial activities, and showed a promising sensing response. The combination of sensing, photocatalysis and antibacterial properties provided by the ZnO NRs bring us closer to the concept of smart textiles for wearable sensing without a deodorant andantibacterial control. Perhaps the best known of the products that is available in markets for such purposes is textiles with silver nanoparticles. Our modified textile is thus providing acceptable anti-bacterial properties compared to available commercial modified textiles. Keywords: Textile substrate, Zinc oxide nanorods, Biosensor, Photo degradation and Antibacterial activity. 1. Introduction Nanomaterials when compared with their bulk form have novel and improved properties that are likely to impact on virtually all areas of science. Since nanomaterials possess unique, beneficial chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, they can be used for a wide variety of applications [1-2]. Currently, the research community has focused more on the discovery and development of new nanomaterials, constructing new nanostructures and exploring new applications. We can define nanomaterials as those which have nanostructured components with dimensions of less than 100nm [3]. Nowadays, some vigorous efforts begin to be focused on the growth and deposition of nanostructures on different metallic and nonmetallic surfaces both being solid and flexible in nature. Application of nanostructures on textiles has been the aim of various studies, and the target is to produce fabrics with diverse practical performance. For instance, nano silver, and some other nano metal oxides have been utilized to impart antibacterial activity [4-5]. For example nano TiO2 has UV and self-cleaning properties, while nano other metal oxides have a UV-blocking and nano-silver has shown a strong antimicrobial property [6]. Further Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most important metallic oxides. In addition, ZnO is a wide-band gap semiconductors and has been widely used for its non-toxicity and low-cost 2 ACS Paragon Plus Environment
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when it synthesis. The lack of a centre of symmetry in the wurtzite ZnO crystal, combined with a relatively large electromechanical coupling, results in strong piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties and as a consequence, ZnO is also widely used in mechanical actuators and piezoelectric sensors. In recent years, ZnO has become an important material with potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, field emission, displays and sensors. It could also be used in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants under UV or visible light irradiation [7-12].Further, ZnO is a versatile functional material that has a diverse group morphologies, such as nanorings, nanosprings, nanocombs, nanobelts, nanocages and nanowires and have attracted great interest due to the remarkable properties like non-toxicity, bio-safety, excellent biological compatibility, high electron transfer rates, and enhanced analytical performance with increased sensitivity, ease of fabrication and low cost of production [13-17]. In the present paper, we report a new in situ preparation method for the synthesis of ZnO NRs on the surface of a modified textile at a 90ºC. Advantages of this economical method are simple and facile preparation relatively low synthesis temperature and uniform nano rods. The resulting ZnO NRs on textile were examined for potential applications as photoactive materials for the degradation of two organic dyes. Their antibacterial activity against E. coli and its use in the fabrication of a biosensor for ALD pesticide were also assessed. Reference samples with ZnO NRs grown on bare cotton textile were also produced and analyzed for their corresponding response. The results of the two sets of samples were discussed and compared. 2. Experimental 2.1. Growth of ZnO nanorods Prior to the synthesis of the ZnO NRs, the textile samples were carefully cleaned with acetone, isopropanol and deionized water for several minutes to remove any unwanted contamination and/or particles from the surface of the textile substrate. This conductive textile (ARGENMESH™) fabric was purchased from “Less EMF USA” and is composed of 55 % silver and 45 % nylon with a conductivity of
