NEW ACID
Shell announces Versatic* 911 Acida new carboxylic acid that forms compounds of interest as catalysts, plasticizers, stabilizers
ν
ERSATIC 911 Acid is available in de
velopment quantities now—commer cial quantities in late 1962. We'll be glad to send you a sample for evaluation.
This highly branched and principally tertiary acid is a mixture of 9 to 11 car bon fully saturated acids. Its neopentyl structure leads to significant differences in reactivity and in properties of deriva tives compared to straight chain acids of similar molecular weight. Suggested uses : Metal salts of Versatic 911 Acid show promise as polyurethane catalysts, vinyl stabilizers, fungicides and wood preserv atives. Esters have outstanding resistance to chemical and thermal degradation. Possi ble uses: plasticizers, synthetic lubricants, intermediates for surface active agents. Alcohols of the neopentyl type can be produced by the hydrogénation of this acid. Shell Versatic 911 Acid is essentially colorless, of low odor and viscosity. Acid value is in the 300 range. SEND FOR SAMPLE. Just write: Product
Development Department, Industrial Chemicals Division, Shell Chemical Company, 110 West 51st Street, New York 20, Ν . Υ. * Shell Chemical Trademark
Shell Chemical Company
SHELL
Industrial Chemicals Division
36
C&EN
JUNE
4, 1 9 6 2
Allied Develops Extra-Soft Foams Urethane foam formulated with new Allied polyether holds physical properties and hydrolytic stability Latest .development in flexible ure thane foams is a new extra-soft grade developed by Allied Chemical's Na tional Aniline Division (C&EN, May 28, page 4 7 ) . The foam is softer than conventional foams of the same den sity: Only about one third the force is needed to produce a 25% deflection. Yet it retains good physical properties and hydrolytic stability, the firm says. It falls under the "extra-super-soft" des ignation of the Society of the Plastics Industry. It's based on a low molecu lar weight, high hydroxyl number poly ether. Allied feels that the new foam is ideal for such products as bed and throw pillows, blankets, comforts, backs for automotive seats, textile laminates, and chair arms and backs. The firm figures that the new foam is a good bet to quickly capture 10% of the total flexible foam market. And it looks for the share to climb eventu ally to about 2 5 % . Standard flexible foams will hit about 125 million lb. this
year and should increase about 20 mil lion lb. a year for the next several years, climbing to about 220 million lb. yearly by 1966, according to Na tional Aniline's market research de partment. In addition to this, t h e division sees a market opportunity for the new extra-super-soft foam of 60 million lb. a year by 1966. Key to the foam is a new Allied polyether called Actol 32-160 triol-a polyoxypropylene triol having a mo lecular weight of about 1000 and a hydroxyl number of about 160 mg. KOH per gram. Conventional foams —such as Allied's Actol 31-56 triol, for example, are based on polyethers with a molecular weight of about 3000 and a hydroxyl number of 40 to 70. According to Allied, the main vari ables controlling physical properties of a foam are cross-link density, ratio of urea to urethane groups, and toluene diisocyanate index ( ratio of isocyanate groups to active hydrogens). Cross link density in turn is determined
mainly by equivalent weight and functionality of the polyether. A secondary factor is number of branching reactions forming such groups as biurets, allophanates, and isocyanate trimers. To produce a soft foam, these factors should be kept as low as possible while still keeping a stable foam. It's possible to formulate somewhat softer foams using conventional polyethers with hydroxyl numbers in the 40 to 70 range by lowering the TDI index, dropping the urea/urethane ratio, or adding a fluorocarbon blowing agent. But these methods are of limited value, Allied says. When the TDI index drops much below 1, foam quality falls rapidly. For hydrolytically stable foams, the minimum urea/ urethane ratio is 3. And blowing agents lower density and degrade some physical properties. But Allied has found that with a polyether having low molecular weight and high hydroxyl number, the urea/ urethane ratio can be dropped to 1.2 to 1.6 and the T D I index to about 0.7. This removes much of the foam's stiffness while retaining good physical properties. For example, the indentation load on a 4-in.-thick piece of extra-supersoft foam having a density of 1.6 lb. per cu. ft. is 11 lb. for 2 5 % deflection. This is a standard ASTM test. The load for a conventional foam of the same density is about 35 lb. Adding 20 parts of a fluorocarbon. like Genetron 11 per 100 parts of Actol 32-160 triol drops* the density of the extrasuper-soft foam to 1 lb. per cu. ft. and the 2 5 % indentation load to 5 lb., Allied says. On the surface, going to a low molecular weight polyether seems to be a move in the wrong direction, since it increases the number of cross-linking sites and thus raises the potential cross-link density, Allied says. But the low TDI index offsets this effect, the firm adds. Lowering the relative amount of TDI leaves some OH groups unreacted and dangling. This limits secondary branching reactions and cross-link density. Exactly why the system works the way it does isn't completely clear. Allied has a theory that does give a satisfactory picture, however. Trouble is, it's impossible to prove how much TDI reacts with the water to form urea linkages and how much reacts with polyether to form urethane linkages. At any rate, in conventional foam systems, there are barely enough cross-
Liquid Hydrogen Facility at National Nuclear Rocket Development Station in Nevada
Opportunities exist for experienced scientists and engineers in development and testing activities related to nuclear rocket propulsion. These employees will be staff members of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, but will reside in Las Vegas, Nevada and be permanently assigned at the nuclear rocket development center. Qualified applicants please I send resume to: Director of PersonnelrDivision 62-52
los
alamos scientific laboratory OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
*
LOS ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO All quolifitd applicants will rtctivt consideration for employment without regard to raci, creed, color, or national origin. U.S. citizenship required.
JUNE
4, 1962
C&EN
37
H a r s h a w Scientific Offers Laboratories National Service on a Local Basis
BRANCHES*
Our Branch W a r e h o u s e s and Sales Offices
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are strategically located to serve you. Select the o n e nearest you and contact them today. Our c o m b i n e d stock, w h i c h is p r o b -
CINCINNATI 37, OHIO 6265 Wiehe Rd. Tel. REdwood 1-9100
ably the largest i n the country, is at your
linkages to make a reasonable foam, Allied says. Subjecting such a foam to hydrolytic aging breaks a few crosslinks. But since there are barely enough, foam properties change substantially. Thus, the ratio of urea groups, which are more hydrolytically stable than urethane groups, must be kept high. In the new system, though, there are more urethane cross-links. Even when a few are broken, there are still enough others to maintain foam properties. So a high urea content and TDI index aren't required. To get foams with properties between conventional and the new soft grade, blends of polyols of hydroxyl numbers 56 and 160 can be made. TDI index and urea/urethane ratio would have to be suitably adjusted at the same time. Actol 32-160 triol costs about 2 cents a lb. more than Actol 31-56 triol. But since less TDI is needed, the over-all foam cost is about the same, Allied explains. The firm also makes Nacconate diisocyanates and Genetron fluorocarbon blowing agents for use in urethane foams. But Allied's National Aniline Division stresses that it's not in the foam business. It does conduct applications research on foams at its applications research laboratory, Buffalo, N.Y. The division has applied for a patent on the use of its new polyether in making the new foam.
d i s p o s a l regardless of w h e r e it is located. DETROIT 28, MICHIGAN 9240 Hubbell Avenue Tel. VErmont 6-6300
T e l l us w h a t you need. W e ' l l g e t it to you, when you need
HOUSTON 11, TEXAS 6622 Supply Row Tel. WAInut 3-1627 LOS ANGELES 22, CALIF. 3237 So. Garfield Ave. Tel. OVerbrook 5-8060
Harshaw Scientific, Division of The Harshaiv Chemical Company is unique among laboratory supply houses. We know what laboratories require since our company employs several hundred chemists, scientists, engineers and technicians in its many research, develop?nent and control laboratories and we stock accordingly. — Glassware - Apparatus Equipment - Furniture - Chemicals.
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C&EN
JUNE
4,
1962
BRIEFS
it. A new tape for built-up roofing has been developed by Koppers Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Called Bitumagic, the tape is a prefabricated waterproof membrane system composed of asbestos or glass mat, impregnated and covered with a special mastic tar formulation in a uniform thickness. A disposable release paper prevents the material from adhering to itself in packaging and facilitates application. An emulsion top coating is brushed or sprayed cold to complete the system. According to Koppers, Bitumagic bonds firmly and permanently to concrete, brick, wood, steel, or insulation. It will adhere to vertical surfaces permanently without sag or flow, the company adds. The material is now in pilot plant production with commercial production expected before 1963. It will be marketed in 3-ft. wide, 50-ft. long rolls weighing about 80 lb.
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FOUND—One source for monomers for almost every need. Dow. Styrene is one of many monomers available. It poly'merizes readily and is one of the lowestι c o s t . .,». Λ * -iti ι . i building blocks available to the poly!mer chemist. Other uses include inter(mediates in the organic chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Some use it as a solvent. Write us on your letterhead for a sample and complete technical information. Today. The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan. ^tf!fr^>
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NEW CHEMICALS
Butyl Ether, Spectroquality Especially purified for maximum transparency... Orig inally created to use for the Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Determination of Blood Salicylate *, and Barbiturates 2, 3. SPECIFICATIONS Ultraviolet cut-off 210 πιμ Infrared bands of maximum transmission 2.0-3.3, 3.8-6.6, 10.5-11.8, 12.2-13.3, 13.6-15.5.
A solvent of particular interest to the pharmacologist, toxicologist, and criminologist. Generally useful in spectroscopy. Miscible with most com mon organic solvents; immiscible with water. A solvent for hydrocarbons and fats. Write for Abstract. 1. Anal. Chem., 32 1522, 1960
2. Ibid, 33 1375, 1961
3. Ibid, 33 1902, 1961
IMa/theson. Coleman & Bell D i v i s i o n of The Matheson Company, Inc. N o r w o o d (Cincinnati), Ohio; East Rutherford, N e w Jersey
NOW!-from NANMAC CORPORATION . . . α complete selection of "Flow-Thru" thermocouples for all standard tube and pipe fittings!! model ' C " (shown in pipeline)
• •
Ideal for inner-wall surface temperature measurements in pipes and tubings! Measure the temperature of gases and fluids without disturbing the flow pattern!
FEATURES ν Thermal junction in two dimensional plane V Thermal junction contoured flush with inner wall surface V Thermal junction does not disturb fluid flow characteristics ^ 20 milliseconds response time to transients V Pressure range to 4,000 PSI v' Temperature range from — 3 2 0 ° F to 1 250° F continuous (2500"F transient) v' All stainless steel fittings (other materials available) ^ Standard fittings for tubes from V4 " O.D. to 1 V2 " O.D. (flareless or non-flareless unions) V All units furnished with complete set of nuts and sleeves for easy installation in tube or pipe line V All units furnished with standard male and female polarized quick-connect connectors attached WRITE FOR BULLETIN TBI 62
APPLICATIONS • • • • • • •
Chemical processing Heat transfer, superheaters, feed-in-lines Oil, fuel, gas, water, steam pipes Cryogenic hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, helium Alcohol, kerosene, hydrazine lines Hydraulic, pneumatic systems Any tube or pipe line where accurate inner-wall surface temperatures are desired.
N A N M A C CORPORATIONi P.Ο BOX 8
INDIAN HEAD, MARYLAND*
Other Bulletins— TBI 60 Microsecond Response Thermocouples TBI 61 5000° F Multi-Function "Plastic" Thermocouples
40
C&EN
JUNE
4,
1962
Polypropylene molding compound with built-in antistatic properties is com mercially available from Union Car bide Plastics Co., New York, N.Y. Ac cording to the company, the antistatic properties are a characteristic of the bulk material, protection is permanent and does not diminish with time as is the case with surface treatments. Called Bakélite JMD-4501, the new material was developed especially for appliance housings and housewares where the normal tendency of conventional polypropylene to retain static charges can produce unsightly results, Union Carbide adds. C 1
Insecticide formulation that combines the antiresistance of Antiresistant/ D D T with the rapid paralytic action of synergized pyrethrins has been developed by S. B. Penick & Co., New York, N.Y. Called Pramex, it has been granted label clearance by US DA for killing DDT-resistant houseflies and roaches that have developed resistance to chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. It also kills bedbugs, ants, and silverfish, the company says. C2
Depolymerized rubber is available from DPR, Inc., subsidiary of H. V. Hardman Co., Belleville, N.J. Called DPR, it is pure natural rubber reduced to a flowable form, available in low and high viscosity grades. Intermediate grades of fluidity can be obtained by blending. DPR and its compounds are used in three basic forms—uncured, soft rubber, and hard rubber. C3
New thermosetting resin is being introduced by Freeman Chemical Corp., Port Washington, Wis. Called Nypol, the resins are extremely resistant to heat, solvents, and chemicals, the company says. They are compatible and copolymerize readily with a wide range of unsaturated materials. Freeman recommends them for prepreg, pre-mix, and filament winding and molding applications. C4
Further useful information on keyed Chemical items mentioned is readily available . . . Use handy coupon on page 46
