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C: Surfaces, Interfaces, Porous Materials, and Catalysis
An Exploration about the Interaction of Mild Steel with Hydrochloric Acid in the Presence of N-(Benzo[d] Thiazole-2-yl)-1-Phenylethan-1-Imines Bhawna Chugh, Ashish Kumar Singh, Sanjeeve Thakur, Balaram Pani, Ajit Kumar Pandey, Hassane Lgaz, Ill-Min Chung, and Eno E. Ebenso J. Phys. Chem. C, Just Accepted Manuscript • Publication Date (Web): 19 Aug 2019 Downloaded from pubs.acs.org on August 19, 2019
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The Journal of Physical Chemistry
An Exploration about the Interaction of Mild Steel with Hydrochloric Acid in the Presence of N-(Benzo[d] Thiazole-2-yl)-1-Phenylethan-1-Imines Bhawna Chugha, †, Ashish Kumar Singhb, *, †, Sanjeeve Thakura, Balaram Panic, Ajit Kumar Pandeya, Hassane Lgazd, *, Ill-Min Chungd, *, Eno E. Ebensoe aDepartment
of Chemistry, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (formerly Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology), New Delhi-110078, India bDepartment of Applied Science, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, New Delhi-110063, India cDepartment of Chemistry, Bhaskaracharya College of Applied Science, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110078, India dDepartment of Crop Science, College of Sanghur Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea eMaterial Science Innovation & Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa † First
author
*Corresponding
author Email:
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +91-9560285447
Abstract Cost effective inhibition of mild steel corrosion employing eco-friendly materials is a high priority subject for the industries, these days. Therefore, in this work, a series of N(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1-imines(BTPEI, BTCPEI, BTTEI and, BTPIA)for mild steel protection in 1M HCl were explored by adopting methods like gravimetric, adsorption isotherms, and the electrochemical methods, for example, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarisation. Different spectral characterization such as FTIR and 1H NMR were used to confirm the synthesized derivatives. The experimental results affirmed that all the inhibitors are proven to be very efficient for combating corrosion for mild steel in acidic media. The determined thermodynamic and activation parameters were used to provide a further understanding of the
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mechanism of inhibitive activity. The computed Gibbs free energy values suggested strong chemical interaction of inhibitors with the mild steel surface, thereby supporting chemisorption. Potentiodynamic polarization data explained the mixed type nature of all the inhibitors. Impedance measurements point out that protective film deposits on the mild steel in the presence of the inhibitors. Studies like scanning electron microscope (SEM) with electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further supported the adsorption inhibitive mechanism. The theoretical findings such as density functional theory (DFT), Fukui indices and molecular dynamics (MD) provided good agreement with different experimental techniques. 1. Introduction The economic loss and safety concern due to the destruction in metallic structure led corrosion scientists to study corrosion and its protection measures that contribute to the reduction of corrosion rate. Various acids like hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and phosphoric acid are used for pickling and acidization processes by the pickling industry. These acids used for such pickling processes may cause corrosion and damage to the material used1, 2. Mild steel, an alloy of iron having a very low amount of carbon, is so versatile, easy to use and cost-effective material. The low carbon content provides good mechanical strength and high resistance, thus it has gained huge importance in the construction industry3, 4. However, one of the major problems with mild steel is that it is easily susceptible to corrosion on exposure to various aggressive environments. Thus, in view of all these, there has been a demand to search such methods that help in solving the big problem of corrosion. From the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness and ease, the development of corrosion inhibitors is considered primarily the major and desirable approach nowadays5, 6. A study of the literature affirms that numerous organic inhibitors have been studied to explain the corrosion inhibitive
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The Journal of Physical Chemistry
action of mild steel in acidic media. Also, the development of nontoxic as well as ecofriendly inhibitor is predominantly favoured those are less harmful to the environment. Thus, the use of organic inhibitors especially the green inhibitors as one of the promising materials in different types of corrosion for protecting the mild steel surface in the acidic medium has been reported by many researchers7–9. The anti-corrosion action of organic inhibitors is due to its ability to inhibit cathodic and/or anodic reactions taking place over the metal electrode surface that lowers metal dissolution10. The structure of an inhibitor also provides significant importance in the inhibition mechanism11. Presence of heteroatoms viz. O, N, S and, P facilitates the adsorption phenomenon of the inhibitor over the metallic surface and thereby leaving fewer surfaces for aggressive species to attack and cause corrosion12,
13.
Organic
moieties like benzothiazoles have been widely known for its extensive pharmacological and biological properties viz. anti-tubercular
14,15,
anti-microbial16,17,
anti-malarial18,
convulsant19, analgesic20,21, anti-inflammatory22, anti-diabetic23 ,anti-tumour
24etc.
antiThe
different properties, as well as the widespread use of benzothiazoles, promote itself for designing and synthesizing its new derivatives. Thus, it led us to investigate the corrosion inhibition property of compounds derived from 2-amino benzothiazole. This study reports synthesis and investigation of corrosion inhibiting action of four 2-amino benzothiazole derivatives, N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-1-phenylethan-1imine (BTPEI), N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-1-(3-chlorophenyl) ethan-1-imine (BTCPEI), N(benzo[d]thiazole-2-yl)-1-(m-tolyl) ethan-1-imine (BTTEI) and, N-(benzo[d]thiazole-2ylimino) ethyl) aniline (BTPIA), obtained from the condensation of 2-amino benzothiazole with
acetophenone,
3-chloroacetophenone,
3-methyl
acetophenone
and
3-amino
acetophenone, respectively. The comparison of the anti-corrosion performance of different synthesized inhibitors was tested using various methods viz. gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization method. Different surface
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characterizations e.g. scanning Electron Microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to explicate the adsorption process on the metal surface. In addition, the theoretical analyses were also done that comprise density functional theory (DFT), Fukui indices and molecular dynamics (MD) and it gave the similar trend of results as achieved from various experimental methods. 2. Experimental 2.1 Materials & solutions Mild steel(MS) strips with chemical composition(% by weight) of C(0.05),Si(0.009), Mn(0.20), S(
