I N D U S T R I A L A N D ENGINEERING CHEiMIXTRY
February, 1925
Table 11-Eastern
No. 2R ~.
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
DESCRIPTION Raleigh Co W. Va. Glogora Coal c o . Harlan Co "Ky Jellico Seam Fayette C 6 Pa.. Pittsburgh Seam H. C. Frick Co. Letcher Co" Ky. Elkhorn Seam. Inland Steel Co. Letcher Co:: KY. Elkhorn Seam. Eaton Rhodes Co. Letcher Co.. KY. Elkhorn Seam. Eaton Rhodes Co. Indianola Pa. Inland Steel Co. Raleigh do., W. Va. Jefferson Co., Ala. Pratt Seam Berwind Colo Colorado Fuel & Iron Co. Fire Cre6k Sesm, W. Va. Scotia Coal Co. ~~
.
ticity temperature may be easily obtained by different operators, but as yet the value listed for the solidification temperature is possible of a variation of about 10" C. As pointed out under the preparation of the sample, it is necessary to make the determination as soon as possible after the finely ground sample has been prepared or else evacuate the air in the sample bottle and replace with nitrogen. I n fact, a large number of the samples sent to the authors for analysis showed no melting or softening point because the coals had oxidized in transmission. The authors expect soon to present their results on the effects of weathering upon the temperature of plasticity and solidification. It will be noticed that the coals for the State of Illinois are listed under the seam from which they come. Although as
Bituminous
Softening temperature OC. 366 375 379 400 390 393 365 370 400 400 370
Maximum pressure Mm. 842 914 980 378 750 450 931 557 950 662 1310
42
DESCRIPTION Pocahontas No. 3 W. Va. Inland Steel Co. Fayette Co., W. $a. Sewell Seam. Inland Steel Co. Pocahontas No. 3 W Va. Pocahontas Fuel Co. Sewell Seam, N e d Riber District, W. Va. Cranberry Fuel Co. McDowell Co., W. Va., Pocahontas No. 4. U.S. Coal and Coke Co. Green Brier Co., W. Va. Pocahontas No. 3
Temperature of maximum pressure e c . 460 407 415 427 422 455 418 447 430 442 462
Coke formation O
c.
492 515 525 555 445 480 525 467 450 478 502
Length coke Cm. 14
11 12 10 11 16 14
..
20 12 18
yet nothing definite may be concluded in regard to the temperature a t which coals of the different seams become plastic, in general the temperature is lower, the younger the coal is geologically. I n fact, the authors believe the method may be of advantage in identifying the seam to which a coal belongs. This fact is borne out in the sample of Pocahontas and New River Semibituminous coals of West Virginia. The proximate analysis may indicate that the coals are quite similar, but their temperatures of initial plasticity indicate clearly that the New River coals contain lower melting compounds than those of the Pocahontas seams. As yet the authors have not analyzed a sufficiently large number of Eastern Bituminous coals to be able to show any particular characteristics.
Table 111-Semibituminous
No. 37 38 39 40 41
167
Softening temperature
428 385 430 390
Maximum pressure Mm. 1300 1370 1500 1425
428 407
1185 1421
O
c.
Temperature of maximum pressure
c.
505 520 472 537 543 601
Coke formation O c . 597 569 546 580
590 557
Length coke Cm. 10 18 12 16.5
11 23
Arsenated Petroleum Oil as a Wood Preservative' By W. Lee Tanner THE GRASSELLI CHEMICAL Co., CLEVELAND, On10
XPERIMENTATION in wood treating where a meE dium petroleum fraction containing a small proportion of an organic compound of arsenic is used reveals properties of the treated wood toward decay and depredation of marine animals and insects which may be of great economic value. Timbers treated by the Bethell, Burnett, and Card processes were given the same tests along with the arsenated petroleum oil method. The resistance to teredo and limnoria destruction was especially determined. These marine borers were never found in any of the timbers given the treatment of arsenated oil during the 4-year period through which these tests extend, whereas in the test timbers given the Burnett treatment they had destroyed much of the wood, and in the Bethell and Card processes of treatment the timber samples were filled with many teredos. The test timbers were southern pine of pile size cut to meter lengths, the bark being removed. They were placed in an autoclave and evacuated for 2 hours at 80 O C. The preserving fluid was run in and the pressure built up to 125 pounds a t a temperature less than 200" C. where it was maintained until the proper penetration was reached. I n the arsenated petroleum oil process, however, a simple open tank was used and the timbers were immersed under atmospheric pressure only. The treated timbers were given the most drastic testing easily possible. Some were placed in sea water on the surface of the mud along with checks treated and untreated where there existed an abundant supply of teredo. Others were 1
Received June 26, 1924.
placed in fungi pits. Exhaustive records of the careful and frequent observations were kept. The arsenated petroleum oil treatment showed resistance to both decay and destruction superior to all the other methods. Railway and mine timbers painted with the arsenated oil are under observation, and give promise of excellent preservation against decay. This method of commercial wood preserving offers great promise as a substitute for expensive treatment involving a great amount of equipment such as pressure tanks, pumps, etc. Simple open vats serve to make the application, or the preserving material may be painted or sprayed on the surfaces to be protected. The cost is less than one-half that of any of the other successful processes. The arsenic compounds are produced cheaply from the base, white arsenic and salt, and may be readily added to the oilin which they are soluble to a sufficient extent-at the factory, or they may be sold separately and incorporated with the oil medium a t the wood-treating works. The loss of the active principle by dissipation in sea water in the timbers treated has been found to be less than 1 per cent per year. The petroleum used most advantageously was a paraffin melting at 40" C. The material was applied a t about 100" C . The arsenic compounds proving satisfactory in these tests are phenarsazine chloride, phenarsazine oxide, diphenylchloroarsine, and nitrosodimethylanilinechloroarsine. Other and similar tests with arsenic-phenol preparations have been under way by the Chemical Warfare Service in connection with tests a t Beaufort, N. C .
