book reviews treatment here should be developed further. The link between the equilibrium constant for a given reaction and the partition functions of the species involved is used, but a partition function is never defined. The other topics in this chapter are reactions of conjugated molecules and reaetions of transition metal complexes. The useful Appendix includes properties of the commonly encountered polynomials: Hermite, Legendre, associated Legendre Laguerre, and associated Lagueme. At the end of each chapter there are a few well chosen problems-ranging in number from 3 t o 8. The text makes reference t o primarily three classic texts: Pauling and Wilson, "Introduction to Quantum Mechanics;" Eyring, Walter, and Kimball, "Quantum Chemistry;" and Glasstone, Laidler, and Eyring, "The Theory of Rate Processes." Since the publication dates of these books are, respectively, 1935, 1944, and 1941, it would not be inappropriate to reference some more recently published texts. Overall the text is clearly and carefully written-only a few errors of a minor ebaracter were uncovered. The book appears suitable for consideration a t the undergraduate level for use as a supplementary text in a physical chemistry course or an inorganic chemistry course. Daniel Zeroka Lehigh University BefhWem. Pennsyivania 18015
A196 / Journal of Chemical Education
Auiomatlc Chemical Anafysls
affiliated with the Laboratow of the Government Chemist in London; American and European commercial instrumentation are covered about equally. The organization is good. The first chspter is a general introduction, which includes economic, error, and development criteria. For example, this reviewer was surprised to learn that discrete (segmented) methods have a faster measurement rate (100-300Ihr) than do continuous (flowing stream) devices (20-80fhr). After the preliminary generalizations come ten chapters devoted to specific techniques. There are two chapters on spectroscopic and colorimetric methods, and one chapter each covering electrochemistry, thermal methods, radio ehemistry-x-ray, and the role of computers. Separation methods are exhaustively covered in four chapters. All of the usual types of chromatography, plus solvent-extraction, distillation, filtration, and amino-acid analyzers are covered very nicely. This work will he required reading far anyone doing research in automated analysis. I t is the reviewer's opinion that mechanization of methods can be an excellent undergraduate research project, especially far those students who are fascinated with mechanical or electrical gadgets (they also gain a new respect for chemical kinetics in the orocess). The text could also serve as ~
James K. Foreman and Peter B. Stochwell, The Laboratory of the Government Chemist, London. Ellis Horwood Limited, Chichester,.England, 1975. xi 346 pp. Figs. and tables. 23.5 X 15.5 cm. $36.50.
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This is an excellent and timely book. The authors eorreetlv observe that automatic methods were virtually unknown 25 years ago, and yet most analytical laborataries today use one or more mechanized pracedwes. The authors acknowledge the differentiation between automatic and meehanized methods set forth by the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature. (The IUPAC definition of "automated" requires feedback control of one or more operations.) The majority of the methods described in this monograph are actually mechanized, rather than automated. However, the present state-of-the-art is such that there are few truly automated systems; the authors are well aware of this, hut they maintain that mechanization precedes the process of automation. They are to be commended for pointing out a serious nomenclature problem. The book is quite comprehensive and contains excellent historical reviews. The illustrations are profuse (over 170 total) and well done; most are from the original papers. One could duplicate or adapt many of the methods described using only this teat, without recourse to the original literature. Specifications, guidelines, and caveats abound throughout. The authors are both ~
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graduate courses. Our copy is being passed about in our lab (Continued on page A2001
book reviews now and is regularly consulted. There are only a few minor objections which have turned up. Most important, there is no single section on sample introduction and reagent handling techniques. One must flip through each chapter to collect this information. Some of the original electronic circuits are badly out of date; block diagrams would better illustrate the signal processing involved. Finally, there is no author index. This book will certainly become the standard against which future texts on automated and mechanized methods of chemical analysis will be measured. J.
M. Fitrgerald
University of h s m n
Mx,stm, Texas 77004 Structural EHects on Equlllbrla In Organlc Chemistry
Jock Hine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975. aii 347 pp. Figs. and tables. 15.5 X 23.5 cm. $17.50.
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This is a beautiful and, to my knowledge, unique book. It is not merely s compilation of equilibrium constants; it is a thorough and insightful introduction to the study of relative reactivity with collections of equilibrium constants used to illustrate its points. Major emphasis is given to the Hammett equation and its variants, and to the effect of solvent and structure on pro-
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A200 / Journal of Chemical Education
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ton transfer equilibria. Less extensive treatment is given to Lewis acidity, conformational changes, cyclizations, reactions of multiple bonds, and radical forming reactions. Hydrogen bonding is covered as a suhtopie under proton transfer reactions, sterie effects appear in a number of places, and the idea of hard and soft acids is discussed in the section on Lewis acidity. The book begins with two chapters of general considerations, including a particularly well done discussion of the application of thermodynamics to relative reactivity. Electrostatic calculations are discussed briefly, but the important results are given and the line of thought leading to them is nicely sketched in. Quantum mechanical calculations are only alluded to, hut leading references are given. This appears to be the only weak spot in an otherwise very comprehensive discussion. While the author makes no claims to completeness, his tabulated material is very extensive. Six hundred and sixty references are given. The introduction is dated May, 1974, and some citations to 1974 papers appear. Only for acid-base equilibria and hydrogen bonding are better compilations of data available. This hook should be very time-saving for the chemist with a new theory to test. It will make even less excusable the use of a small, subjectively chosen, body of data. The book was developed as a teaching text for advanced undergraduates and heginning graduate students. It should be readily understandable by anyone who has a reasonable grasp of the material of firstyear organic chemistry and physical ehem-
istry courlier. Each chapter hns a problem I helreve most teachers will want to supplemenr these heavily. An excellent selection of readings can he made up out of the references given, hut students will not be ahle to cope with anything approaching the full lists. Most courses in which relative reactivities are discussed emphasize rates. This book makes an excellent ease for n shift in emphasis to equilibria. Its availability is certain to promote such a shift. set, but
Maurice M. Kreevoy University of Minnesota Minnespiis, Minnesota 55455 Chemlcal Phase Analyslr
Roland S. Young, Victoria, Canada. John Wiley & Sans, New York, 1974. A Halsted Press Book. vii 138 pp. 22.5 X 14.5 em. $11.50.
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The analyst, particularly in industry, often needs to know not only the total amount of an element present in a substance hut also the amounts in various oridation states or in certain combined or mineralogical forms. This hook is a sunmary of the puhlished methods for making these differentiations quantitatively by chemical means for 34 elements. The author has also added suggestions for practical manipulations based on his own experiences in the field. While primarily for the industrial analytical chemist, the book would be a handy reference work for students and their professors. I t contains en index and an author index of literature citations. DAB
