Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities : Subject Index

Downloaded by YALE UNIV on December 24, 2014 | http://pubs.acs.org Publication Date (Web): October 23, 2014 | doi: 10.1021/bk-2014-1172.ix002

Subject Index A

B

American cockroach octopamine receptor (Pa oa1), 113 aromatic compound structures, 117f cAMP, 127 carvacrol, 127 comparison of aromatic compounds, 123t comparison of monoterpenoid compounds, 122t constitutive activity of yeast cells, 120f eugenol, 127 express Pa oa1 in yeast, purpose, 128 functional expression in yeast, 117 GABA receptors, 128 growth responses of biogenic amines and octopaminergics, 121f growth responses of transformed yeast cells aromatic compounds, 125f monoterpenoids, 124f monoterpenoids and related aromatic compounds, 126f histidine-auxotrophic assay, 118 isolation and expression in Yeast S. cerevisiae, 119 materials and methods chemicals, 115 insects, 115 isolation of Pa oa1, 116 monoterpenoid structure, 116f octopamine receptors, 128 Amino acids and proteins, 149 Anthelmintic-resistant Caenorhabditis elegans, 133 maintenance, 135 mean percentage mortality C. elegans exposed to encapsulated TT-1013, 140t wild-type and anthelmintic-resistant, 140t median lethal concentration of monoterpenoids and TT-7001, 138t mortality bioassay, 135 simulated digestion protocol, 136 wild-type and three anthelminticresistant strains, TT-7001, 139t

Bacillus spp. biocontrol organisms, secondary metabolites, 95 components of LC-MS/MS system, 103 extracted ion chromatogram and MS/MS spectrum, 101f future advances, 105 genomic mining, 96 LC-MS methods, 102 liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), 102 mass spectrometry, 102 nonribosomal peptide synthases (NRPS), 97 fengycin family, 99 iturin family, 98 other products, 99 surfactin family, 98 other biosynthetic clusters, 100 polyketide synthases (PKS), 100 ring-opened surfactin structure and fragmentations, 104f structures of surfactin, iturin, and fengycin, 97f time-resolved mass spectral data, 103 Biochemical bioherbicides advantages, 34 approved by USEPA from 1997 through 2010, 33f bioherbicides, status, 32 control of roadside weeds in California, 35t examples of natural phytotoxins, 38t hindrances, 39 manuka oil applied to soil, 36f need for herbicides, 39 new modes of action of herbicides by year, 38f in organic agriculture, 33 as sources of new modes of action, 37 Biofumigation, advantages and disadvantages, 163 Biopesticide data requirements, 12 biochemical data requirements non-target organism testing, 13 product analysis and mammalian toxicology, 13 product performance, 14 microbial data requirements genetically modified microbial pesticides, 15

287 In Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities; Coats, et al.; ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2014.


non-target organism testing, 16 product analysis and mammalian toxicology, 14 product performance, 16 plant-incorporated protectant data requirements, 17 Biopesticides, 3 Botanical insecticides, 21 Asia and Latin America, 25t crude preparations recommended for insect control, 28t current status in the U.S.A., 23 newer botanical insecticides outside of the U.S.A., 25t pesticide regulation and use, models developing countries, 27 industrialized countries, 26 plants frequently recommended and used in Africa, 27 pesticide use in California, 24t Botanical nematicides alkaloids, 151 amino acids and proteins, 149 cannabinoids, 150 experimental results, aldehydes, 153 isothiocyanates, 146 lactones, 151 organic acids, 148 others, 152 polyphenols and phenolics, 151 terpenoids, 149

C Cannabinoids, 150 Coleopteran pests management in agricultural and forest systems, 211 control of oriental beetle, 214 Hook™ RPW, 227 repellent for mountain pine beetle, 231 Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology (SPLAT®), 212

G Gastrointestinal nematodes, 134 Glucosinolate and cyanohydrin aglycones, 179 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as biopesticide targets agrochemical targets, 46 botanical insecticides, 51 need for safe and effective insecticides, 45 octopamine and tyramine diverse physiologically active biogenic amines, 50 signal transduction, 48, 49f synthesis, 46, 47f terpenoid mechanism of action, 52 Growing need for biochemical bioherbicides, 31

I Insect pest management dsRNA, 62 dsRNA uptake by insects and diversity of RNAi pathway, 60 RNA interference (RNAi), 59 risk assessment, 64 technology, 64 Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) registration activities label expansions, 261 new active ingredient registrations, 260 regulatory changes biopesticide registration data guidelines, 262 Pesticide Registration Improvement Act, 265 regulatory guidelines under development, 263 toxicity testing, changes, 264 Isothiocyanates, 146 Isothiocyanates (ITCs), 160

D dsRNA Colorado potato beetle (CPB), 63 engineering crop plants, 63 method for delivery, 62 oral ingestion, 62 targeted genes, 62

L Lactones, 151



M

O

Market and potential for biopesticides acquisitions and joint ventures of biological companies, 250t agrichemical market conventional chemical pesticides, 246 crop protection, 245 crop protection sales by region, 247t increasing cost to develop one new chemical pesticide, 248f number of new chemical leads versus synthetic pesticide product, 247f bio-based pest management benefits, 252 challenges, 254 biological pesticide market, 248 distribution deals of biopesticide companies, 251t large companies move into biologicals, 249 resources and trade associations, 255 successful biopesticide, 253 total global market for all types of biopesticides, 249t Mimetic analogs of pyrokinin neuropeptides, 83 antifeedant or aphicidal activity, 86 diapause hormone, 88 hydroxyproline and octahydroindole-2carboxylic acid, analogs of proline, 86f other insect peptide classes, 88 pymetrozine and flonicamid, 87 stabilized PK analogs, 87 superposition of trans-peptide bond, 91f Modes of action (MOAs), 31 Mountain pine beetle, SPLAT® Verb, 232

Organic acids, 148

N Natural and synthetic isothiocyanates, pest control in soil, 159 Natural ITC biofumigation, advantages and disadvantages, 163 pest control using Brassica biofumigation, 162 production in soil, 161

P Pistachio mummy-produced semiochemicals average number of eggs oviposited on egg traps either dry ground pistachio mummy or almond meal, 201f varying mummy matrices, 202f dried mummy emissions as potential ovipositional attractant bioassay, 200 bioassay hood, 200 emission variability as function of batches collected, 199 wet and dry mummies as ovipositional attractants in field, 202 Pyrokinins, 85 diapause hormone, 88 blocking diapause termination with DH antagonist, 90 breaking and preventing pupal diapause with DH agonists, 89 dihydroimidazole moiety, 90f

R Regulation of biopesticides biopesticides regulatory challenges ecological impacts of RNAi constructs, 274 genetic technology, 275 novel genetic technologies, 273 oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, 275 problem formulation for RNAi risk assessment, 274 significant challenges to BPPD, 274 general overview, 267 plant incorporated protectants, 270 registration process, basic steps, 268 RNAi as pest management tool, 61 RNAi risk assessment, 64 arthropod-active protein, 65 environmental risk, 66 experiments, detect adverse effects, 64 sequence identity, 65


specific and heterospecific vATPase dsRNA, 66 stability and persistence of dsRNA, 67 surrogate species, phylogenetic relationship, 65 RNAi technology, 64


S Semiochemicals to monitor insect pests, 191 almond and pistachio orchards/fruit, volatiles, 193t dry almond and pistachio mummies, volatiles, 197t dry pistachio mummies, different batches, 199t ex situ split shells/hulls versus undamaged, 203 mummies and overwintering, 196 other pistachio-produced semiochemicals, 203 post-harvest pistachios, single-nut in situ evaluation, 206 semiochemicals specific to pistachios, 207 single-nut in situ volatile collection chamber, 205f in situ analysis of volatiles from a single nut, 206 volatile differences between ex situ control, shells/hulls, and kernels of split pistachios, 204t pistachio and almond mummy, 196f relationship of navel orangeworm moth with fungal spores, 195f role of fungal spores and navel orangeworm semiochemical(s), 194 spiroketals (E)-conophthorin (1) and (E)-chalcogran (2), 194f split and late-season pistachios as potential hosts, 203 total number of volatiles, unique volatiles, and shared volatiles from mummy matrices, 198f typical almond and pistachio emission profiles, 193 Specialized Pheromone and Lure Application Technology (SPLAT®) attract and kill for Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, 227 potential bait-lure synergy, 229 weekly capture of red palm weevil per 0.4 ha (acre), 229f

control of Anomala orientalis attract and kill, 221 disruption index (DI), 217 efficacy of 4 SPLAT® OrB treatments, 224 field observations, 217 male OrB approaching dollop of SPLAT?OrB in blueberry field, 218f mark-release-recapture study, 217 mating disruption, 214 mechanical applicator mounted on gator, 221f mortality among OrB, 224 SPLAT® OrB A&K, 224 SPLAT® OrB and plastic pheromone dispensers, Treatment efficacy, 216 SPLAT® OrB for attract and kill, 223 SPLAT® OrB for mating disruption, 215 SPLAT® OrB promotes mating disruption, 220f trap catches of male beetles in pheromone traps, 226f treatments of SPLAT® OrB and SPLAT® OrB A&K, 226 mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae individual tree protection, manual application of SPLAT® Verb, 235f MPB repellent, 234 repellents, 231 solvent extraction of single SPLAT® Verb dollop, 233f red palm weevil (RPW) visiting Hook™ RPW dollop, 230f SPLAT® OrB, 216 Synthetic and natural isothiocyanates (ITCs), 160 Synthetic MITC, 164 Baerman funnel method, 170 chemical structures, 165f citrus nematode mortality in 2-D chamber, 173f citrus nematode pest mortality, effect of fumigant CT index, 172f degradation, 167 determining fumigant gas distribution, CT index, and pest control, 171f predicting pest control, concentration time (CT) index, 170 Baerman funnel method, 170 properties, 166 soil concentrations and pest control, 169 soil-air emissions, 167 laboratory soil columns, 168


plastic-mulched systems, 168 potential, 168 toxicity, 166


T Targets for insecticides, 71 AgKv2 channel core, 77f binding pose of 48F10, binding site of 48F10 and potassium-catechol coordination, 78f candidate ligands for Kv2, 75 cationic drug, hERG channel block, 75f gene sequence alignment of helix S6, 79f homology model for mosquito, 77 insect or mammalian Kv2 potassium channels, putative ligands, 76f introduction, 72 Kv2 channel blockers, preliminary toxicity data, 79 membrane topology of Kv superfamily genes, 74f molecular modeling of Kv2, 76 potassium channel-directed insecticide, 74 potassium channels, subtypes, 73 primary homolog, 73 RH-5849, housefly larval muscle, 73f structures of neurotoxic, potassium channel-directed diacylhydrazines, 72f toxicity of K+ channel-directed compounds, 80t Terpenoids, 149

U U.S. Environmental Protection Agency benefits of biopesticides, 5 biochemical pesticides, 4 biopesticide registration, 9 international partnerships, involvement, and outreach, 11 pheromone regulatory relief, 10 products exempt from registration, 11 EPA’s Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP), 6 main statutes and legal requirements experimental use permits, emergency exemptions, and state and local need registrations, 9

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA), 8 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), 7 Pesticide Registration Improvement Act (PRIA), 8 microbial pesticides, 4 plant-incorporated-protectants (PIPs), 5 Use of natural botanical compounds as insecticides activity of potential natural nematicides, 183t application of CHP-acetate total bacteria count in soil, 186t total fungi count in soil, 186t chemical structure cyanohydrins, 180f glucosinolates, 180f discussion, 187 fumigation, 181 fumigation toxicity CHP, chloropicrin, and dichlorvos, 182t CHP derivatives, 182t hatching of soybean cyst nematode eggs, effect of CHP and CHP actetate contact exposure, 185f volatile exposure, 185f nematode egg hatch, 183 nematode juvenile contact toxicity assay, 182 number of germinated weed seeds application of chloropicrin at 10 days, 187t application of CHP-acetate (3 days), 187t application of CHP-acetate at 24 days, 187t root-knot nematode percentage egg hatch (contact exposure) at 100 ppm, 184t percentage egg hatch (vapor exposure) at 100 ppm, 184t soil fumigation, 186

V Voltage-sensitive potassium Kv2 channels, 71


Biopesticides: State of the Art and Future Opportunities : Subject Index

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