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New Bakelite Manufacturing Plant, a t Bound Brook, N. J., Now in Process of Erection
increased justification. One of the latest, and by no means least, of its achievements is the development of a series of new and superior synthetic varnish resins. In fact, it begins to look as if another important industry, that of paints and varnishes, were about to be revolutionized-as if a dream of twenty years ago were t o come true. As for the synthetic resin industry, only a beginning would appear to have been made. I t s products are finding increasing opportunity for service in mechanical and structural applica-
tion, the possible extension of which seems almost unlimited. As a next step in meeting the growing demand for synthetic resin products, the Bakelite Corporation is now erecting a t Bound Brook, N. J., a central plant which will provide considerably enlarged manufacturing facilities and will have plenty of room for future expansion.
L. V. REDMAN A . V. H. MORY
BOOK REVIEWS Carburanti e carburazione. BY UMBERTO RE AND E. VARETON. 516 pages. 316 illustrations. Ulrico Hoepli, Milan, xvi 1931. Price, 50 lire.
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According to the authors, this book is intended t o acquaint automotive engineers with the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials which are or may be used as motor fuels, while giving the chemists an outline of the workings of combustion motors. The book is divided into twenty chapters. The first chapters deal with the mechanism and operation of motors, carburetion, and compressors and superfuelizers. Then follow chapters on the mechanism of combustion, knocking and antiknock materials, and gasoline substitutes. Lubricating systems, lubricant dilution, and carbon deposition are also discussed. A final chapter deals with carburetion using natural gas, hydrogen, cracked gases, and Blau gas. American practice is given extensive consideration and the results of numerous workers in the various fields are noted, although references t o the original literature might well be more frequent. Volume 11, dealing with the preparation and evaluation of various fuels, is to follow.-A. W. CONTIERI
and methods to determine the amount and rate of sedimentation; methods of decantation, plasticity, and sifting; and methods of separation of larger particles from fine material by air. The selection of proper methods is discussed and emphasized, together with the necessary preparation of the materials to be analyzed. Practical hints are supplied for the exercise of the usual methods employed, and finally the methods of calculating results and the presentation in graphical forms are discussed and illustrated. The methods described are of particular interest to soil chemists and soil physicists, and are of use in ceramics, analyses of building and road materials, mining, dyestuffs, and paper and rubber, where in many instances the production could be guided by one or more of the methods given. The book is profusely illustrated and the set of analyses, brought together in a handy form, is undoubtedLy an important contribution.-WILLEM RUDOLFS
Anleitung zur Herstellung von Ultragiften. BY HUGOSTOLTZENBERG. 70 pages. 34 illustrations. Norwi-Druck, Hamburg, Germany, 1930. Price, 20 marks. The author uses the appropriate name “Ultragifte” to designate those extremely poisonous substances which have become known throughout the world by reason of their use in the World War as war gases or chemical warfare agents. Many of them are Die Schlamnanalyse. BY HERMANNGESSNER. Band X, finding ever widening application for peacetime uses and the Kolloidforschung in Einzeldarstellungen, founded by RICHARD term “ultra-poisons” removes from them the opprobrium of their ZSIGMONDY.244 pages. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft wartime origin. The book describes in an unusually clear and concise manner m. b. H., Leipzig, 1031. Price, bound, 18 marks; paper, the methods for the laboratory preparation of ultra-poisons. 16.50 marks. The description includes the equations involved, lists of equipment required, photographs of laboratory set-up, details of The methods of analyses described in this volume are all based upon the general principle that small particles fall through water manipulation, yields for each step of the process, properties of the product, precautions to be observed, and the treatment to with a constant velocity, and mathematical calculations and formulas are collected from different sources, mostly from soil be used in case of injury by the chemicals. Several different chemists and soil physicists, together with experimental data to methods of preparation are given for a number of the substances described. show that the velocity of particles of a definite size (soil) falling The ultra-poisons are classified into eye irritants or lacrimators, through water is constant. The effect of coagulation, together nose irritants, respiratory poisons, blistering agents or vesicants, with the theory of floc formation, is discussed. The bulk of the work is concerned with a description of meth- and blood and nerve poisons. These are arranged in the asods to determine the size of particles; processes of sedimentation; cending order of the danger attending their preparation and
ISDUSTRIA L AND EA-GINEERI,VG CHEMISTRY
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handling. The ultra-poisons included are: xylyl bromide, bromoacetone, chloroacetophenone, bromobenzyl cyanide, phenarsazine chloride, ethyldichloroarsine, diphenylarsine chloride and cyanide, phosgene, trichloromethylchloroformate, chloropicrin, dichloroethyl sulfide (mustard), chlorovinylarsine (lewisite), hydrocyanic acid, cyanogen chloride, and cyanogen bromide.-A. L. KIBLER Das Buch der grossen Chemiker. Band 11-Von Liebig bis Arrhenius. BY GUNTHER BUGGE. 559 pages. With a bibliography and 78 illustrations. Verlag Chemie, Berlin, 1930. Price, bound, 32 marks. This is a continuation of Volume I , which appeared in 1929 and was reviewed in IND.ENG.CHEM.,21, 1150. Volume I1 continues the same high standards of interest and accuracy, the articles being written by men not only familiar with their subjects but able to write in a pleasant and effective style. Thirty chemists have been chosen for portrayal, all born before the sixties of the last century. No list of thirty men could be chosen upon which there could be perfect agreement (one notes possibly a n overweighting on the German side, and questions why, for instance, W. H. Perkin and Moissan should not have beenjncluded) , but after all one could ill spare any of these elect. Organic chemists seem t o predominate, but that is owing to the great development of that phase of chemistry in the last century, and the other fields have their due measure of publicity. In the list one finds the great masters, Liebig, Wohler, Kbkulk, A. W. von Hofmann, Emil Fischer, and Adolph von Bayer, who is pictured by his successor, Willstatter. Due respect is paid to the sharp-tongued and conservative Kolbe, to Peter Griess, who emerged with azo compounds after his twelve “bummel” semesters, and to the brilliant Victor Meyer. France has a notable group in Dumas, Wurtz, the unhappy Gerhardt and his friend Laurent, and Berthelot, an organic and physical chemist and publicist. His son, who has just passed away, was a general in the French Army. Richard Koch has written of Pasteur and Ehrlich, whose discoveries in bacteriology and chemotherapy have accomplished so much in medicine. The Italian Cannizzaro, who brought order out of the chaos of equivalents and molar weight, is delineated by Vanzetti and Speter. I n the inorganic field comes “Papa” Bunsen and Clemens Winkler, of whom a most interesting and personal account has appeared by Professor McCay of Princeton in his “Student days in Germany” [ J . Chem. Education, 7, 1081 (1930)l. Following chapters include Graham and Crookes; then one on Lothar Meyer, Mendelejeff, and Ramsay, by Paul Walden, and finally an account of two of the great triumvirate in physical chemistry, Van’t Hoff and Arrhenius. Doctor Bugge brings in the industrial side of chemistry when he lists von Brunck, the founder of the Anilin und Soda Fabrik, Car0 and the dyestuff industry, Frank and his relation to the “Kaliindustrie,” cyanamide, etc. ; and George Lunge, the teacher and writer on technical chemistry. The value of the book is much increased by a fifty-page biographical bibliography of general and specific sources of data regarding the sixty-eight chemists in Volumes I and 11. The perspective and knowledge of students in America will be greatly enhanced by reading this unusual account of chemistry’s greatest century as set forth in the personal accomplishments of these chemists whose names are so synonymous with progress.F. B. DAINS
Vol. 23, No. 5
literature are not nearly so intelligible as in their reproductions in this volume. Because of the large number of tabulations in which are given the cell combinations, the concentrations of all components, the temperature, and the e. m. f., the reviewer was interested t o determine the accuracy of these tables. Therefore, 1000 readings were checked back to their originals in the literature, and 8 serious errors were uncovered. Fortunately these errors occur in the larger tables, where they can be noticed by one familiar with the drift in electromotive force when concentration, etc., is changed regularly. The chronological method is used with success in compiling the tables. There are some obvious typographical errors. I t is rather disconcerting to check a reference, say, from Conant’s work on page 741 to the author index and to find it spelled “Konant.” Some initials are inverted here and there. Any fair-minded reader of this huge volume is forced to admit that everything worth while on the subject of electromotive force has been included in a manner which is useful and readily accessible. The discussions are clear-cut, logically presented, and the sentences are not too “germanically” long. The publishers have done an extraordinarily fine job of printing and binding, which makes the handling of the volume a distinct pleasure-C. J. BROCKMAN Vom Wasser. Ein Jahrbuch fiir Wasserchemie und Wasserreinigungstechnik. Band N-1930. Published under the direction of the Division of Water Chemists of the Verein deutscher Chemiker. 192 pages. Two portraits, 10 tables, 20 cuts. Verlag Chemie, G. m. b. H., Berlin, 1930. Price, paper, 15 marks; bound, 17 marks. Volume IV of this yearbook contains sixteen papers dealing with treatment of acid waters; aspects of surface and ground waters in relation to use, hygiene, and treatment; effect of chlorination on corrosiveness of water; physical-chemical changes in foaming of boiler waters; brittleness of boiler pipes; Crystalit, a new zeolith for water softening; a summary of the present sewage-disposal technic; and a discussion of the gas production from sewage shdge.-wILLEM RUDOLFS
Die natiirlichen und kiinstlichen Asphalte. Ihre Gewinnung, Verweadung, Zusammensetzung, und Untersuchung. BY J. MARCUSSON, WITH H. BURCHARTZ AND P. WILKE. 2nd improved edition. 253 pages. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1931. Price, paper, 17 marks; bound, 19 marks. This book is concerned chiefly with laboratory methods for the examination of asphalts, tars, and pitches, as well as some of the more common fabricated articles made from these materials, such as mastics, roofing paper, emulsions, and paints. It is written almost entirely from the standpoint of German practice, and there is only occasional fragmentary mention of British or American methods. Unfortunately, however, the laboratory methods of examination are not always described in sufficient detail to enable an operator, previously unfamiliar with them, to utilize them with any degree of certainty as to the results obtained. The figures and drawings, as well as the text, in many cases lack some of the exact dimensions of equipment, etc., which are so necessary when applying proximate tests of this type, where each variable may make a decided difference in the result. Tolerances for the such as given in our own A. S. T. M. methods for simiElektromotorische Kriifte. BY R. KREMANN AND ROBERT variables lar purposes are entirely lacking. From the German standpoint M ~ L L E R Erste . Teil, Band VIII of Handbuch der allgemeinen it is fair to state that such tolerances are not always necessary, Chemie, compiled by PAULWALDENand CARL DRUCKER. since the equipment is built by some specific manufacturer who xvi 891 pages. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m. b. H., maintains his own standard of tolerances. However, the chemist in the United States has no easy way of securing such apLeipzig, 1930. Price, paper, 81 marks; bound, 85 marks. paratus here, in case he desires to duplicate the foreign results. The book also contains general matter on the classification of I n this volume are maintained the remarkable high standards for completeness and excellence which have characterized the bitumens and on the methods of their preparation and use. previous seven volumes of this famous handbook. It is really a The portion dealing with practical applications is a matter of monumental work on the subject of electromotive force measure- mention, rather than any attempt a t description. It is only fair to state, however, that, had these subjects been covered in detail, ments, for not only are there discussions of the theoretical phases, but the measurements of electrode potentials are reproduced in the book would necessarily have been many times its size. The book as a whole is of little use to the great majority of the 379 tables and 96 figures, the transcription of which from the American workers in the field of bitumens, Only in unusual literature must have been a gigantic task. cases are there imports or exports of these products where the The completeness of the work is shown by the fact that the potentials of hydrogen on platinum in the many solutions which testing methods given might be applied; and its use as a reference have been investigated require 57 pages of tables. Many cal- text would therefore be infrequent. The paper and printing are excellent and the illustrations culations were necessary to obtain the uniformity of tabulation which is used throughout the book. Many of the measurements show a high grade of workmanship. The subject index is complete and well arranged.-J. M. WEISS were originally made for the determination of activity and in the
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