•
MARKETS Chrome O r e Supplies ι»; liions o f Short Tons) h,
1952
1 I Domestic Production B B j Imports HH1 Consumption 2.5
Chrome Ore Costs Rising Turkey's supply a n d its $60-per-ton r a n g e offering difficulties; chemical g r a d e ample for U. S. needs .ΟίΡΡίουΐ-τίΕβ in getting chrome ore the largest from the federation of Rho out of some foreign supplying nations desia and Nyasaland and Turkey. The are not greatly disturbing to chemical refractory grade ores were largely from processors here. Manufacture of so the Philippines and Cuba. dium dichromate and chromate and re Domestic shipments of low-grade lated products does not take much more chromite (chrome ore) have expanded than 10% of the chrome ore supply. sevenfold since 1952. The incentive While unsuited for chemicals, domestic to producers in California, Montana, production of the raw material has and Oregon was supplied in 1951 when expanded. the Government established buying One of the foreign suppliers, Turkey, prices as high as $115 per ton, based is reported to have met with transporta on chromic oxide content, for the Na tion trouble in getting its high-grade tional Stockpile. The operators in chrome ore to remote shipping ports. creased in number from one to 34, and As a result prices have strengthened domestic production began climbing. materially. Turkish producers' ideas It was 21,304 short tons in 1952, 163,arc so high, in fact, that even Washing 3 6 5 tons in 1954, and 152,418 tons in ton has turned them down and upset 1955. the Commodity Credit Corp. plan to The basic chemical products, sodium barter wool for chrome ore. dichromate and chromate, this year re For the 48% grade of ore the Turks flect as they did in 1955 the greater use are asking $59 to $61 per long ton, of chrome chemicals in industry. Pro compared with $55 to $58.50 for Rho- duction of 118,524 short tons in 1955 desian; $38 to $39 for the South Afri was exceeded only in 1951 when output can; and $52 to $ 5 3 for Pakistan's ore. soared to 127,600 tons. Production The Turkish price in October 1955 was during the first eight months indicates $52 to $53. that the 1956 total will not be less • Demands Increased. The chemi than 1955. cal grade is obtained chiefly from South ΐ» Chemical Producers. The four Africa where the ore reserves are said producers of sodium dichromate are the to b e quite large. The metallurgical Mutual Chemical Division, Allied grades during a recent month came Chemical & Dye; Diamond Alkali; Im from nine different supplying countries, perial Color and Chemical; and Colum 5450
C&EN
NOV.
5,
1956
bia-Southern Chemical. imperial Color's production is said t o be captive. Columbia-Southern became an impor tant chrome chemical factor a few years ago with the acquisition of Natural Products Refining Co. at Jersey City. Mutual is much older than Allied Chemical itself and dates back to 1845. Its Baltimore chrome works is said to have been the first American manufac turer to employ a university-trained chemist. Mutual says the North Ameri can deposits cannot compete with the rich ore from South Africa. Chromium is extracted as sodium chromate after the ore has been fused with soda ash in rotary kilns at high temperatures. The chromate is converted with sulfuric acid to sodium dichromate. Chromate or sodium dichromate are the basic ma terials for the manufacture of other chrome chemicals, notably chromic acid, potassium dichromate, and am monium dichromate. ί Consuming Pattern. A review made of this industry in 1955 by the Business and Defense Services Admin istration showed that uses of sodium di chromate and chromate on a percentage basis had gained between 1950 and 1954 in the manufacture of chrome pig ments, but declined for leather tanning. Total distribution was 90,900 tons in 1950 and 98,850 tons in 1954, which modifies the percentage figures in the consuming pattern. Use of the basic chrome chemicals for pigment making increased from about 28.8% of total distribution in 1950 to 32.9% in 1954. Consumption for leather tanning at the same time declined from 2 3 . 1 % to 17.7%. Chromate and dichromate uses in metal treating, plating, and other forms of corrosion prevention were 24.75% of total consumption in 1950, and 25.68% in 1954. Textiles and dyestuffs used 4.95% of the total in 1950 and 3.28% in 1954. Exports showed the largest gain be tween the two years. BDSA makes the total for this purpose 2.31% in 1950 and 7.89% in 1954. Miscellaneous consumption, distribu tors, and dealers accounted for 15*95%
Sodium Dichromate & Chromate (Production, Short Tons) 1954 1955 8,126 9,000 Jan. 7,810 Feb. 8,181 8,525 March 9,538 10,507 April 9,657 9,530 May 10,734 8,968 June 10,289 7,559 July 9,690 7,049 Aug. 9,967 7,263 Sept. 9,982 8,452 Oct. 10,801 7,913 Nov. 10,287 8,707 Dec. 10,398 100,409 118,524 Total
1956 11,383 10,347 10,910 9,939 9,954 9,444 7,779 10,344
— — —
80,100
WEEK'S PRICE CHANGES October 29, 1956 Advances CUSSSKT
PEEVIOTJS
Borax, bulk, ton S 71.5Π S 71.00 Tech. anhydrous 36.75 38.50 Granular, decahydrate Boric acid, ton 126.75 129.00 Crystal, carlots* 95.75 98.00 Granular, bulk* Castor oil. lb. 0.19V* 0.20V* Domestic No. 1 0.17V· 0.18V* No. 3 0.18V4 0.19 Brazilian, N o . l 0.53 0.53»/* Cocoa butter, l b . Coconut oil, crude, tks.. lb. 0.10V4 O.lO'/e 150.00 152.50 Copra, Coast, ton 0.14 0.14 V* Corn oil, crude, tks.. lb. Dihydrostreptomycin, 0.07 0.07 «A bulk, gram 0.133 0.134 Linseed oil, mpis-, lb. Manganese sulfate, 65%, ton
Carlots Less carlots Penicillin, bulk, per mil lion units Potassium, sterile Procain Potassium, non-sterile Procain. non-sterile Red carmine NO. 40, lb. Soybean oil, crude, Decatur, lb. Valonia, ton Cups Beards Declines Carnauba wax. No. 3 N C lb. S Casein, Argentine, l b . Copper metal, l b . Copper scrap, No. 1. lb. Copper sulfate, carlots. cwt. Crystals Tribasic Shellac, bleached, lb. Bone dry Refined Tin metal, lb. Toluol, petroleum, drums, gal. Truckloads Less truckloads * Effective Jan. 1, 1957.
88.55 95.55
S0.50 87.50
0.05V* 0.05V* 0.05V4 0.05 »Λ 16.80
0.05 0.05 0.01V4 0.04V4 14.40
0.12Vs 64.00 86.00
S 0.70 0.22 V» 0.3G 0.28V« 13.90 30.00
0.12V* 60.00 81.00
0.72 0.23V4 0.40 0.30V4 15.20 32.65
0.54 0.64 1.05V·
0.56 0.66 1.07 V*
0.42 0.43
0.44 0.45
•^agnaafl^ i i f u i r ^ l l i J i f i r i i Î
iniii:iffli:« Even though summoned medical aid arrives as rapidly as possible, time elapsing between occurence of eye accidents and a physician's care is too often the period when permanent harm is done. B r i d g e this ' d a n g e r p e r i o d " w i t h H A W S E m e r g e n c y E y e Wash Fountains t h a t permit injured work ers instantaneously to wash injurious mat t e r f r o m t h e i r eyes w i t h clear w a t e r at s a f e controlled pressure. A v a i l a b l e w i t h H A W S Drench Shower A t t a c h m e n t t o f o r m a n ^ e m e r g e n c y first a i d station*'for your employees'protection. A / / HAWS Safety Equipment is designed and manufactured in cooperation with leading safety engineers.
Tutite £>%facU«Ce&Ui*tedeuff
ι .1 r< ι : ι :< ι : i^m * \ ι ΓΗ =h J«r»w 1 4 3 9 F O U R T H STREET (Since 1909) B E R K E L E Y 1 0 , C A L I F .
WHY BUY TWO PIECES OF EQUIPMENT WHEN...
ONE WILL DO?
of total distribution in 1950, and 12.457c in 1954. It is not likely that the industry's capacity for producing chrome chemi cals has altered very much from the 1955 estimate of 132,866 tons.
Pacific Coast Borax Division, United States Borax and Chemical Corp., is sued a new schedule showing price inincreases of from 2.35 to 4.8% for borax, boric acid, and certain borate compounds, effective Jan. 1, 1957. Anhydrous borax is being advanced to $74 per ton, bulk, carlots, f.o.b. Cali fornia shipping points; crystals to $71 per ton, bags; granular decahydrate to $38.50, bulk; and powdered borax to $50 per ton, bags, same basis. Rohm & Haas, Philadelphia, an nounced a reduction of 7 1 / 2 cents per pound in its price for glacial methacrylic acid effective Oct. 2 9 . New price for the monomer is 45 cents per pound. Reduction was made possible, says D. S. Frederick, vice president, by increased market for the product.
J" Process Vessel or Steam Generation Equipment
Single Unit with Internal Hi-eF Purifier
Separate Purifier. Mist Extractor ôf Separator
When planning process vessels such as evaporators, concentrators, distillation units, v a c u u m towers, interstage knockout d r u m s , etc., incorporate a n internal Hi-eF purifier into the design. These efficient devices eliminate the need of a separate scrubber, mist extractor or purifier. Installed inside the p r i m a r y vessel at the outlet nozzle they remove virtually 1 0 0 % e n t r a i n m e n t without the use of filters, mesh screen or moving p a r t s !
FREE PURIFIER SELECTOR BOOKLET Write The V. D. Anderson Company, Division of Intern a t i ο η a ! Basic Economy Corpora tion, 1995 West 96th Street, Cleve land 2, Ohio.
£M1
Hi-eF f»URIFIfR WATCHDOGS
O F PIPELINE E Q U I P M E N T A N D
ΝΟΥ.
PROCESSÉS
5. 1956 C & E N
5451
