INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING
1224
his co-workers (3) of the Linde Laboratories. The deviations were calculated by taking the heat content of the saturated liquid a t 60” F. of both sets of data equal. The values obtained by the present authors were then subtracted from the Linde values to give the deviations plotted. The lower values reported by the other observers for the saturated liquid are due to their lower extrapolated values of specific heat. The much larger deviation of the heat content of the saturated gas is due to the divergence of the latent heats of vaporization as indicated in Figure 11. The values obtained a t the Linde Laboratories were directly measured and indicate a somewhat higher value for the latent heat than was obtained by application of the Clapeyron equation to the data reported here. Since the Linde data were extrapolated some distance in order to obtain their reported values a t the upper end of their temperature range (125” F.), the agreement is considered satisfactory. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The results here reported were obtained as part of the work of Research Project 37 of the American Petroleum Institute.
CHEMISTRY
Vol. 26, No. 11
Thanks are due to the institute for encouragement and financial assistance.
LITERATURE CITED (1) Bur. Standards, Circ. 279 (1925). (2) Dana, L. I., Jenkins, A. C., Burdick, J. N., and Timm, R. C., Refrigerating Eng., 12, 387 (1926). (3) Francis, A. W.,and Robbins, G. W., J. Am. Chem. SOC.,55, 4339 (1933). (4) Lacey, W. N., Proc. Calif. Natural Gasoline Assoc., 9, 2 (Jan. 5, 1934). (6) Lewis, G. N., and Randall, M., “Thermodynamics,” pp. 132-40, 192, McGraw-Hill Book Co.,New York, 1923. (6) Lewis, W.K., and Kay, W. C., OiE Gas J . , 32, No. 45,40 (1934). (7) Lewis, W.K., and McAdams, W. H., Chem. & Met. E w . , 36, 336 (1929). (8) Sage, B. H., and Lacey, W. N., IND. ENQ. CHEM.,26, 103 (1934). (9) Selheimkr, C. W., Souders, M., Jr., Smith, R. L., and Brown, G. G., Ibid., 24, 515 (1932). (10) Souders, M., Jr., Selheimer, C. W., and Brown, G. G., Ibid.,24, 517 (1932). R ~ C E I V EJuly D 11, 1934.
Composition of Potash Fertilizer Salts for Sale on the American Market J. W. TURRENTINE, Bureau of Chemistry and Soils, Washington, D. C.
I
N RESPONSE to current demand for more detailed in-
formation concerning the composition of fertilizer potash salts than that represented by a mere statement of potash content, there have been assembled the following complete analyses of potash salts, domestic and foreign, now being offered for sale on the American market. Without exception, these analyses have been provided through the courtesy and collaboration of the respective producers and importers. It is common knowledge that the market price of agricul-
tural potash salts is determined by the actual potash (KzO) content. The sulfate commands a higher price than the chloride; otherwise, little attention is paid to the incidental constituents with the exception of magnesium salts-for example, a prominent constituent of the imported “sulfate of potashmagnesia.” Accordingly, as between assignments, the incidental ingredients may vary over considerable ranges as illustrated by some of the tables here presented. A much greater variation is possible in the low-analysis than in the high-analysis products.
SALTSOF DOMESTIC ORIGIN TABLEI. POTASH 1. HIGH-ANALYSISMURIATEPRODUCED BY THE AMERICANPOTASE & CHEMICAL CORP. (WORKSAT TRONA,CALIF.; SALESOFFICE,70 PINEST., NEW YORK);ORIOIN,BRINEFROM SALINIB LAKE TRONA MURIATE (AQRICULTURAL GRADE)
% Potash (&O) Potassium chloride actual Potsssium chloride: equivalent” Sodium chloride Potassium bromide
61.3 95.8 97.1 1.4 1.96
% Potassium iodide Sodium tetraborate Sodium carbonate Sodium sulfate Moisture
0.002 0.3 0.3 Trace 0.2
2. POTASH 8 A L T S b PRODUCED BY u. s.POTASH CO. (PLANT NEAR CARLSBAD, N. Msx.; SALES OFFICE,342 MADISON Avs., NEWYORK); ORIQIN,MINES OF SALINEMINERALS (SYLVINITE) -HIOH-ANALYSIS
MURIATE--
MANURE
SALTS (26% MINIMUM)
% Potash (KtO) 62.4 Potassium chloride 9s. 7 Sodium chloride 1.2 Caloium, magnesium. and NHaOH 0.1 Trace SuRk Trace Insol. matter Moisture Trace
K10
% Potas! (KO) Potassium chloride Sodium chloride Sodium sulfate Caloium sulfate Magnesium sulfate Magnesium chloride Boric oxide (Blot) Inaol. matter Moisture
28.3 44.7 53.2 None 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.028 0.7 0.1
POTASH SALTSPRODUCED BY U. S. INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL Co. (PLANTAT BALTIMORE. SALESOFFICE.A. L. WEBB & SONS. 206 NATIONALM A R I N ~ BANK B L D ~BALTIMORE).ORIGIN THE INCINERATED PRODUCT FROM EVAPCIRATED’DISTILLERY WASTE (TI& MINERALCONTENTOF CANEMoLASSES), HENCETHE TRADENAMB. VEGETABLE POTASH” 4.
-LOW-ANALYSIS
SALTSd
-
Potash (KgO), sol. in dil. HCl Potaeh KtO), sol. in water Lime ( d a o ) Sulfur (as 608) Chlorides (as C1 Carbonates (e&Or) Iron and aluminum oxides Magnesia, (MgO) Phosphoric acid (PrOr), citrate sol. Nitrogen Inaol. matter Moisture (at 100’ C.)
%
34.7 33.9 16.1 12.5 8.9
5.1 6.4 4.8 1.7 0.3 5.8
-HIGH-ANALYSIB
Potash (KpO) Chlorides (Cl) Sulfates (sod) Total Moisture sol. matter Total insol. matter
SALT-
% 56.1 28.6 15.4 2.8 99.7 0.3
0.2
SULFATEOF POTASHPRODCCED B Y KORTHAMERICAN CEIMENT Co. (WOUKSAT HAQBRSTOWN. MD.:SALESOFFICE.BALTIMORE TRUETBLDO., BALTIXORE);ORIGIN.PPTD. F u m FROM CEIMENTKILNS
5.
c
CEMBNT POTASH’
% % Potash KzO) 20;s Alumina (AlrOs) 3: 4 Lime ( d a 0 ) (water sol., 7.42%) 28.3 Soda (NatO) 1.3 Sulfur SO;) 29.8 Magnesia ( M t 0) 1.2 9.6 CarEonated 2.8 Silica (hot) 3. LOW-ANALYSIS MUBIATE~ PRODUCEID BY POTASH Co. OF AMERICA (PLANT Iron 2.1 Moisture 0.2 (FeaOa) NEAR CARLSBAD, N. Mix.; SALESOFFICE,1012 M ~ C A N T I LTRUST E BLDG., 5 This item varies a t times between about 9698% while. minor opnBALTIMORB) : ORIGIN.MINESOF SALINEMINERALS(SYLVINITE) stituents remain approximately constant; it includes the potassium bromide c POTASH (MANURE) SALTS calculated to potasaum chloride. 92 % b Analvsea bv Hockatadbr Laboratories. Analyoem b% Gaacoyne and Co. Calcium aulfate 0.62.8 27.6-34.5 Potaah (K:O) d Compoaita sample representing 100 carloads; from ”Potaah.” by J. W. 0.3 43.6-54.6 Aluminum sulfate Potassium chloride Turrentine, p. 129,John Wiley & SOM,New York, 1926. Moisture 0.6 43.8-63.1 Sodium chloride Landolt, P. E., Chem. & Md. Eng., 40,346 (1933). I ~ o l matter . 0.6-1.2 0.4 Magnesium ohloride
(cor)
._
I N D USTR I A L A N D EN G I N EER I N G CH E M IST R Y
i'io\crtil*~, 1934
TABLE 11.
POTASB SALTS OF
FOREIGNORlGlN
%
I"
50.C62.5
Potash (KaO) Poc-ium ahloride PotasaiUm sulfate
Sodium ~hlorjde Magnesj"m elrlfate
__-
Megneeium chloride Calcium aulfate Moisture Inaol. matter -52 90 -96 0 4.5 0 - 4.5 48
-
0 - 1.5 0.5- 4 0.5- 4
0.3-
3 0.2- 2
Moistuie
1nrol. matter
Potsah (K*O)
Potauium *"Ifate
Potassium chloride
Sodium chloride
Magneeium aulfate Megneeiurnchloride Caloium aullate Moisture Insol. mstter --------I*INITB
POtasI>, (11.0) Potaeslurn ohloride Potasmium suilnte Sodium chloride Magnesium a d f a t o Magnesium ~hlortde Csieium auliate Moisture Inaol. matter
30 -32 48 -51 0 -6 23 -42 0 -10.5 0.1- 4.5 0.2- 6
0.4I
5
- 8
% 62.7
Potsah (KcO) Potsmiurn ohlonde Sodium chloride Magneaium eulfate Ca1oium sulfate Moisture (at 130' C.) insol. mstter
99.3 0.7
None NO"*
0.2
Trsoe
%
58.5
92.8 6.7 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1
49.3 91.3 0.5
3.8
4
-30 -55.5 - 3 - 4 -38 1.5
0.7
Megnsaiuio chloride Insol. matter
%
0.3 0.3
-10
0.2-13 20
Potasaium ohloride Sodium ohlorids Magnesium auliate Magnesium chloride Inaol instter
64.0 3.4 1.4
0.3 0.4
48.3
48.5 1.9 0.4
I"
0.8
32.4
22.6
0.4
0.4
63.6 2.6
1.1
72.6 3.0
1.3
-- 6 -22
32 -55 0 - 5 38 -87 0 -13 0.1- 4.5 2 - 4 0.5- 9 3 -12
%
52.4 15.7
82.9
0.4 0.3 0.1
0.6 %
%
Potash (KeO) POtesaium sulfate Sodium sulfate Caloium mliste
26 4s 0 1 25 0 0
(alGB..l*D.)-
Potash (&O) Potassium chloride Potassium a+te Sodium oblortde Msgnaaiurn aulfnte Msgneaium chloride Calcium sulfste Moisture Insol. matter
79.3 19.3
I"
BULFATB O r POT*8B.MI(INE81*
IOLlbl(E 01 PoTA8zl-
Potaah (KaOI Potassium sv1rata Potsmiurn chloride M~poesiumauliate Magneeium chlwzde Sodium ohlonde Cs1cium suliats
Potassium ohloride Sodium ,chloride Meanesium aulfnte
-90 - 3.5 0.7-16 0 - 5 0 -3 0.1- 4 0.1- 2 . 5 0.1- 3 . 5
80 0
1225
Caloium chloride Caleium osrbonste Moisture (at 130' C.1
1.6 0.8
insoi.
1.9
0.1
From the nature of the case, variations in tile major will be grater than in the minor constituents; and it may he safely assumed that variations will lie between the constituents herein listed and will not result from the presence or introduction of otbers not shown by the analyses. These analyses of various grades, therefore, cannot he accepted as strictly applicable to every potash consignment sold, but it is believed that they do serve to convey a fairly definite idea of the composition of the potash products currently entering the American trade.
Potash ( K O ) Potsaaium chloride Sodium chloride
%
52.2
82.8 16.7
%
Magnesium ohloride (I\lgCI~.6HI0 Caloium aulfate Insol. matter
..
Potadh ( G O ) 59.4 PotsMium chloride 94.0 Sodium chloride 5.0 Cdcium chloride Trace * Anslyma by Stillwall sod Qlddinp. b Iron and aluminum. nons.
0.3 0.1
0.0
I"
Maanesiuin chloride Maenmiurn bromide Insol. ,natter
0.1
0.1
0.4
It is readily obaerved that potassium chloride, of widely varying degrees of purifiestion or concentration, is the p r e dominant potash salt entering fertilizers; its principal contaminant or diluent is sodium chloride. As a rule, the higher the Potassium, the lower is the sodium constituent, and vice versa. Similarly, in the potassium-magnesium sulfate, the variation is in the ratios of these two ingredients. The minor constituents, particularly of salts of subterranean origin, are naturally of a fair uniformity in both character and proportion. Because of present interest in soil deficiencies in essential elements other than nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the extent to which they may be supplied as incidental ingredients of commercial fertilizers, it is a further purpose of this presentation of analyses to show which of these e l e ments are being contributed by potash salts. Herein are re vealed several of those currently mentioned ae of importance in this connection. Kncrorvm;~Septamber 24. 1934. Preeented (by title) before the Division of Fertilize? Chemistry at the 88th Meeting of the American Chemioal Sooiety. Cleveland,Ohio, September 10 to 14, 1934.
FOR TESCING ~ M O N I A CATALYSTS Ar MODERATE PRESSURES. FERTILIZER AND FIXED NITROGEN IWES TlGATlONS, u. s. BUBEAUOF CHEMISTRY
APPAaATus
AND %nS
