Functional Derivatives of Inorganic Acids When one speaks of carbon dioxide as carbonic anhydride, one is not so much using a name for a compound as speaking of a function performed by a compound. While functional nomenclature is still used in connection with derivatives of acids, this usage is not recommended. Acid Halides. The names of acid halides are formed from the name of the corresponding acid radical if this has a special name: nitrosyl chloride, NOCI; phosphoryl chloride, POC13. In other cases these compounds are named as halide oxides: molybdenum dichloride dioxide, MoOzCIz. Anhydrides. Anhydrides should he given names as oxides. Thus N ~ O Jis dinitrogen pentoxide, not nitric anhydride or nitric acid anhydride. There is a group of compounds which are sometimes called mixed anhydrides because they furnish two different acidsupon hydrolysis. N~0s.2SOs 0NOS020SOzON0 mixed anhydride of disulHSO&.NO
HOSOaONO
furic and nitrous acid pktial anhydride of sulfuric acid with nitrous acid
However, the customary and acceptable names are not constructed on this functional basis dinitrosyl disulfate and nitrosylsulfuric aeid or nitmsyl hydrogen sulfate. Esters. The names for inorganic esters a? constructed in the same way as those for salts: dimethyl sulfate, diethyl hydrogen phosphate, trimethyl phosphite. Amides. The names for amides are derived in either of two ways: 1) replacing "acid" hy "amide" in the acid
names and 2) using acid-radical names with amide, diamide, triamide, etc. sulfuricdiamide or sulfonyl diamide SOa(NHd2 PO(NH4a phosphoric triamide or phasphoryl triamide. Many compounds exist in which only some of the hydmxyl groups have been replaced by NH2 groups. Again, two patterns are in use: 1)names ending in amidic acid and 2) abbreviated coordination names NH2SOaH . sulfamidic acid or amidosulfuric acid NHzPO(0H)z phmphoramidic acid or amidophosphoric acid (NH2)*PO(OH) phosphomdiamidieaeid or diamidophm. phoric acid Abbreviated names (sulfamide, phosphoramide, sulfamic acid) have the advantage of brevity hut do not follow any general pattern. Nitriles. Although the suffix -nitrile has been 'used in the names of a few inorganic compounds, e.g., (PC1zN)a trimeric phosphonitrile chloride, systematic names are preferable. (PChNIs KIOaNO3)
trimeric phosphorus dichloride nitride potassium nitridotrioxoosmate(Vm,or potassium nitridutrioxuasmate(1-) but nut potassium
The IUPAC Commission sees no reason for retaining the name nitrile in purely inorganic names.
W. C. Fernelius Kurt Loening Roy M. A d a m s
Volume 51, Number
1, January 1974
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