January, 1934
I ND U S T R I A L A N D
E N G I NE E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y
minutes (Table VII). After being subjected to sunlight for 2 hours, the sample showed practically no fluorescence. After storage in the dark for 10 days, there was apparently no evidence that the exposed sample had recovered its capacity for fluorescing. Examination of freshly cut sections demonstrated that the loss in fluorescing capacity had occurred only in a thin layer of rubber a t the surface exposed. Since exposure of a sample to the unfiltered light from the mercury vapor lamp for 18 minutes resulted in a considerable decrease in the intensity of fluorescence, it seemed that the ultra-violet light in the sun's rays might be the active agent in the effect produced by sunlight. On the other hand, the loss in the intensity of fluorescence appeared to be just as great in the case of a specimen exposed to direct sunlight beneath a layer of window glass 3 mm. thick, as with a similar specimen not covered with glass. The fluorescence of phenyl-/3-naphthylamine and of cuprous cyanide was not affected by exposing them to direct sunlight for one hour.
ACKNOWLEDGMEXT The Writer wishes to Inake acknowhkment of the cooperation of H. P. Coats and J. H. Dillon of this laboratory,
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and of G. S. Haslam of the New Jersey Zinc Company in the matter of providing the samples of zinc oxide of varying particle size. LITERaTURE CITED (1) Beutel, E., and Kutaelnigg, 8..Monatsh., 55, 158 (1930). (2) Ibid., 61, 69 (1932). (3) Bruni, G., see Cotton, F. H., Rubber Age (London). 12, 307 (1931). ( 4 ) Ditmar, R., Caoutchouc & gutta-percha, 28, 15,685 (1931). ( 5 ) Ditmar, R., and Dietsch, W., Chem.-Ztg., 52, 388 (1928). (6) Haitinger, M., Feigl, F., and Simon, .I.,Mikrochemie [ Z ] 4, 117 (1931). (7) Kirchhof, F., Kautschuk, 4, 24 (1928). (8) Kojima, K., and Nagai, 1..J. Rubber SOC.Japan, 2, 260 (1930). (9) Krahl, M., Kautschuk, 3, 159 (1927). (10) Mulliken, "Identification of Pure Organic Compounds," Vol. 3, Wiley, 1917. (11) Nagle, P. G., Inst. Rubber Ind. Trans., 3, 304 (1927). and Pfund, A. H., IND.ENQ.CEEM., 19, 61 (12) Stuts, G. F. -I., (1927). RECEIVED September 20, 1933. Presented before the Division of Rubber Chemistry a t the 86th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Chicago. 111.. September 10 to 15, 1933.
Gas Absorption Apparatus ROBERTT. DILLON,Hospital of t h e Iiockefeller Institute for Medical Research, New York, N. I-. EVERAL types of gas absorbers or gas-washing devices are satisfactory for macrowork. Of these, the filterplate and spiral types are probably the most efficient ( 4 , 5 ,8, Q),but the choice is perhaps best left to the individual. For semimicro- and microwork the general use of either filter-plate or spiral type is somewhat restricted because of the large volume of absorbing solution required and glassblowing difficulties. An exceedingly simple absorber adaptable to either macro- or microwork which avoids these two objections and which approaches the spiral type in absorbing efficiency is here described. The essential part of the absorber is shown in Figure 1. The dimensions of the absorber used in this laboratory are as follows: The glass tube A , 5 mm. in. .D side diameter, is constricted to FI-an inside diameter of 0.6 mm. for a distance of 8 cm., A piece of tubing the same size as A is sealed to A at D where the constriction begins. Tube C extends 1 cm. beyond the tip of B . Three small holes, E , 1 mm. in diameter, are placed symmetrically about tube C, below D. A cross section of the construction at M N is indicated for convenience. The d i m e n s i o n s of the absorber may be altered to suit the need. I n particular, the bore of tube Band the space between B and C can be changed t o accommodate the desired rate of gas flow. The length of the tube will depend on the amount of FIGURE1. DIAGRAM OF absorbent required. ABSORBER Flow of gas indicated b .+ For use the bubbler is simFlow of absorbing hqrncfmdb ply immersed in the absorbing cated by ++
S
B.
liquid in any suitable container. The bubbler may be used with a rubber stopper or sealed into the absorption container to make an all-glass apparatus. Sufficient clearance must be left a t the bottom of the tube so that liquid can easily enter. Gas and liquid leaving at E should be beneath the surface of the absorbent. ils with the ordinary spiral type, satisfactory absorption is assured by continuous contact of the bubbles rising between B and C with the fresh film of absorbent on the glass walls on two sides. The rapid circulation of the absorbent may be easily demonstrated by the addition of charcoal. The particular advantage of the device lies in its simple construction. In addition, it has practically the efficiency of the spiral bubbler and uses only a small amount of absorbent. I n a vertical position it has the disadvantage of the high hydrostatic pressure required to force gas through it in comparison to the usual spiral type, but the pressure may be decreased merely by tilting the absorber. The device as described has been satisfactorily used for acetone determinations on acetonated sugars by the Messinger method ( 7 ) . The products were hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid ( I , $ , 6) and the liberated acetone removed by adration (Z), the acetone being ahsorbed directly in alkaline hypoiodite solution.
LITERATURE CITED (1) Elsner, H., Ber., 61, 2364 (1928). (2) Folin, O., J. B i d . Chem., 3, 177 (1907). (3) Freudenberg, K., Durr, W., and von Hochstetter, J., Ber., 61, 1735 (1928). (4) Friedrichs, F., Chem. Fabrik, 1931, 203. ( 5 ) Halberstadt, S., IND. EXQ.CHEM.,Anal. Ed., 4, 425 (1932). (6) Kuhn, R., and Rotho, H., Ber., 65, 1285 (1932). (7) Messinger, P., Ibid.,21, 366 (1888). (8) Rhodes, F. H., and Rakestraw, D. R., IND.ENQ.CHEM..Anal. Ed., 3, 143 (1931). (9) Sieverts, A., and Halberstadt, S., Chem. Fabrik, 1930, 201.
RECEIVED Nnvember 14, 1933.
X,). 37 in tiic series of f3erolzhcimcr Alcliemical and 1 iistocical Reproductions introduces a new artist, Frans van .%As, the El+, born in Delft, Holland, in 1635 or earlier, and died in Leiden in 1681. He studied under Torenviiet, and later under Gerard 1)ouw a n d Abraham van den Tempel in Leiden. Van Mieris rarely used panels larger than 12 to 15 inches in size. A shiny brightness and metallic ix>lish is the outstanding characteristic of his work.
IIe was very prolific, at least twenty-nine of his paintings are dated. We extend our thanks to I,. E. Erlandsen of Carbide arid Cartion Chemicals Corporation, who owns the original of "The Alchimisf," having purchased i t a t the Silo sale in N e w York in OctoLer of last year. This paintjngjs on a thin, stiff plate of copper, a'/*by 10 inches in size. I t is dated 1675 and signed by the artist on the back.
;\lcheinical and Historical Reproductions Tlicse prints 06 fmnorrs paintings aappeni. throogta,ut the 1951, a d titles R S givsa, should he sent with advance ~,agrnentto D. D. Heroleheimer, 50 East 41st S t . , New York. N . Y. Pur1%2, a n d 1933 volumes of INOUSTKIA~. 8! F : x ~ i ~ c ~ n iCIIE\Isc rh;m of these plmto~raphsdoes not confer a n y rights of publicrZSTKY as noted below. Orders for photographic prints 8 I1.y 10 inches nt $1.50, ;rail tion of these reproductions. Special arrangements must IX 16 by 20 inches a t $4, specifyin- the nem1,ers hem inclicatod made with ,Mr. Heiolahcimei to obtain such rights.
\ledieval Pharmacy, C~iLlro f S ~ i i i tbogalo (Auauxt. 1931, r~ape966) I.1.e Chimiste. Teniers (I.iidC>")( * i l X i l O t . 1931. page 067) :3. The Lnborsteiy, lliiiit (:\uaust. 1931. page 966) 4 . Ilitmiord, Gaiesboioueb (.Lugtist, 1981. o w e 9671 i L'AIohimistc en X d i t a t i o i i , Wyck (Dcoember, 1931. paeo 133:l)
9, 10. il. 1.' 1.3.
14. 15. 16. 17.
Tiie Alohenriet. Vedder ( A n d , 1932, mae 4311 The Aiahemist, Siehinpar (May, 1932, p s m 564) Ir'.4Iol~imiste. Ishbey (June. 19% psec 645) Di. Fauatus, Re,nbrsndt (Oatohor. 193'. gage 1201) T h C Alohemist. Ostadn, 1661 (Deoember, 1932, page 1393) Le Chyminte, Tenieis (December. 193?. imge 1427) L e Jeurre Chimista. Teniers ~.lnnuais.1978, mge 103) 25. The Aleliemist, Heiliner (February, 1933. p ~ g e 177) 16. The Ahhemist. Oatade. 1603 (Mnreh. 1933, page 302) 27. A Biiminaham Toaet. Gillrap (.4p?il, 1933. Wac 4231 2 8 . Dumouriei Dining in State, Gillray (April, 1933. page iar) 29. The Dutch Chyrnists. S t e m (Llny, 1013, page 562) 30. Der Aleliemist. Teniers (dune, 1933. pace 644) 31. Prnimhvfer, Wiminer (July, 1933, P B 783) ~ 83. Gold. Toariier (Aupust. 1933. page 9401 i x The diahymiste, Teniaia (Saoaembcr, 1933. page 1041) :34. :\ Spsniah Plisimcoy. Jimenoz y Aranda (Oatober. 1933. page 11181 31. The Alohymist. Wyok (November, 1083. page 1195) 36 'The Alchymist. Tenieis (Dwernhr. 1933. PRIB 1323, 18.
r:\iohimiste. %"ieir menugue) (s;icgtcmi,er, 1931, 1074) Lsvuisiei arid liir Wife, David (October, 1931. pnse 1176) Impossibie, Pyna8 (October, 1931. PBZO 1171) L'Alchimiste, Teiiiera (aelf-poitmit1 (Novainbar. 1931. p ~ g ol S l 0 l 'The Alchemicni llakiiig oi e, Medirine, Diemer (Jeptember. 1981. pilqe 1074) Joseph Piiestlay, H u m ~ l ~ r e(November, y 1831, nhse 1311) The Arrest of Lnvoisioi, Ltmeennihntol (Ootober, 1931, page 11751 The Aletieiniat, Tliru (Soveinher. 1981. nape 1311) L'hlohimiilts. Teiiism (Dresden) (November, 1931, ~ i i i l e13101 The Elixir oi Lifs. Lomar (November, 1831. paire 1516) Rudolph 11, Emperor of Geimniiy, in (he Laboratory of His A l c l b ~ z n i s t , 1576, Bmzik (February, 1052. page 157) 'The Goldmakoi. Breuphel (M~&reh. 1932. w g e 363)
19. 20. 11. 22. 13 21.
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